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The surface tension of molten metals plays a key role in applications such as microfluidics, welding, and additive manufacturing. These are areas where there is an increasing emphasis on micro- and nano-scale systems, for which universal and scaling relationships are needed. We report a molecular dynamics-based analysis of the size-dependence of surface tension of molten metal droplets at the nanoscale, employing the Young-Laplace law. The superficial density peak in the surface transition layer is found to persist to the nanoscale. A novel curvature radius (R s*) based on the position of the superficial density peak is introduced to capture the effective surface of tension. This effective radius R s* is found to reflect accurately the intrinsic surface curvature of the droplet and thereby enable an accurate and predictive universal scaling formula for the behavior of specific surface tension at the nanoscale. These results shed new light on the surface behavior of liquid metals and provide a scaling formula that can be used for further experimental and theoretical analysis. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A land-sea coordination system is constructed. • An initial indicator system is established based on analysis of influential factors using questionnaires. • Structural equation modeling is applied to screen the initial indicators. • Reliability and validity analysis of the screened indicator system is conducted to verify its feasibility. • The screened indicator system is suitable for evaluating standard ports. Abstract The evaluation of the development of a land-sea coordination system, including how to measure success, remains a significant subject for exploration among researchers and practitioners. The main challenge in this subject is to establish a suitable indicator system. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to construct an indicator system to evaluate the development of a land-sea coordination system. We take Lianyungang port as a case study. A land-sea coordination system is considered as composed by three sub-systems, i.e., a land-side sub-system, a sea-side sub-system, and a port sub-system. Based on analysis of influential factors using questionnaires for the development of a land-sea coordination system, an initial indicator system is established. We apply structural equation modeling to screen the indicators from the initial indicator system. Finally, we analyze the reliability and validity of the screened indicator system. The results show that a total of 26 indicators are generated and grouped into three major categories: (1) economic development; (2) service system; (3) resources and environment, and the screened indicator system is of suitable feasibility to be applied to evaluate the development of the considered land-sea coordination system. Additionally, the results provide a scientific reference and decision-making basis for policy formulation and development evaluation of standard ports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NaBaPO 4 :Eu 2+ ,Yb 3+ quantum-cutting (QC) phosphors were prepared by the solid-state reaction. We confirm the luminescence of Yb 3+ is mainly derived from QC rather than common down-conversion. The QC efficiency η QE calculated from the luminescence decay curves reached a maximum as high as 197.4%. Furthermore, the QC emission was enhanced by decorating with quasi-spherical and uniform (∼100 nm) Ag nano-particles, due to localized surface plasmon resonance. The enhancement factor reached a maximum as 1.2337. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of the local spatiotemporal characteristics of the relationships among ecosystem services provides an ecological basis for regional sustainable ecosystem management. However, the geographical factors that influence the different changing relationships among the ecosystem services remain unclear, especially for continent-scale future scenarios. In this study, five ecosystem services (ESs) (habitat quality (HQ), soil retention (SR), water yield (WY), crop production (CP) and carbon sequestration (CS)) were measured in the "Belt and Road" region from 2010 to 2030. We qualified the trade-off and synergy among the ESs using Pearson correlations in different ecoregions, at different altitudes and for different population levels. Our results showed that CP exhibited a trade-off with HQ and SR, whereas the relationships among the other ESs were synergistic. Under the RCP4.5 scenario, the synergies between CP and CS and between CP and WY were the strongest, while the trade-offs between CP and SR and between CP and HQ were the strongest under RCP8.5. The relationship of the ecosystem services corresponded well with the regional climate, altitude and population, and the responses of the relationships among ESs to population sizes were the most obvious. This study contributes to investigating the influence of the driving factors on the relationships among ESs under multiple scenarios at the continental scale and could provide credible associations for future land use management and economic development in various countries, as well as promoting construction of a "green Belt and Road". Image 1 • Five ecosystem services were predicted in 2030 under land use scenarios. • Three geographical factors that influence ecosystem service relationships were identified. • Crop production was positively correlated with carbon sequestration and water yield. • Population sizes influence the relationships among ecosystem services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Host is KYF4, which shows low phonon energy and excellent chemical stability. [•] Quantum-cutting of Tb3 +–Yb3+ occurs under different Tb3+ excitations. [•] Quantum-cutting is effective by exciting 5D3 level of Tb3+. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]