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Oily sludge discharged from crude oil storage tanks has received widespread attention. In this work, a consortium with the high-efficient degradation ability of TPH in oily sludge was developed. Screening of the high-efficient single strain and the effective combination by different strains were conducted in a liquid system supplemented with TPH extracted from the tank cleaning oily sludge as the sole carbon source. Among the tested strains, strain NYGH, strain T1, and strain T2 showed relatively higher values of biomass and degradation efficiency of TPH. The consortium contained 50 % of strain NYGH and 50 % of strain T2 led to about 91 % TPH degradation within 5 days. Compared to that of the systems with a single strain, the degradation efficiency of the TPH of the system with the optimized consortium increased by 17.53∼34.38 %. This may benefit from the complementary effect of priority metabolic carbon sources of strain NYGH and strain T2. The slurry phase degradation experiment of tank cleaning oily sludge by the consortium led to a 78 % TPH degradation within 9 days. It suggested that the optimized consortium containing strain NYGH and strain T2 has great potential as the candidate for bioremediation of oily sludge. [Display omitted] • Consortium with efficient TPH degradation ability was developed in a liquid system. • The consortium contained Bacillus sp strain NYGH and Planococcus citreu s strain T2. • TPH Degradation efficiency by the consortium was increased by 17.53∼34.38 %. • Priority metabolic carbon sources of strain NYGH and strain T2 were complementary. • Consortium degraded 78 % TPH of tank-cleaning oily sludge in slurry phase within 9 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass burning exerts substantial influences on air quality and climate, which in turn to further aggravate air quality. The biomass burning emissions in particular of the agricultural burning may suffer large uncertainties which limits the understanding of their impact on air quality. Based on an improved emission inventory of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) relative to commonly used Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED), we thoroughly evaluate the impact of biomass burning on air quality and climate during the episodes of November 2017 in Northeast China which is rich in agriculture burning. The results first indicate substantial underestimates in simulated PM 2.5 concentrations without the inclusion of biomass burning emission inventory, based on a regional air quality model Weather Research and Forecasting model and Community Multiscale Air Quality model (WRF-CMAQ). The addition of biomass burning emissions from GFED then reduces the bias to a certain extent, which is further reduced by replacing the agricultural fires data in GFED with VIIRS. Numerical sensitivity experiments show that based on the improved emission inventory, the contribution of biomass burning emissions to PM 2.5 concentrations in Northeast China reaches 32%, contrasting to 15% based on GFED, during the episode from November 1 to 7, 2017. Aerosol direct radiative effects from biomass burning are finally elucidated, which not only reduce downward surface shortwave radiation and planetary boundary layer height, but also affect the vertical distribution of air temperature, wind speed and relative humidity, favorable to the accumulation of PM 2.5. During November 1–7, 2017, the mean daily PM 2.5 enhancement due to aerosol radiative effects from VIIRS_G is 16 μg m−3, a few times higher than that of 2.8 μg m−3 from GFED. The study stresses the critical role of biomass burning, particularly of small fires easily missed in the traditional low-resolution satellite products, on air quality. [Display omitted] • VIIRS shows higher capability than GFED in agricultural burning detection. • Mean simulated PM 2.5 bias is reduced by 5%–7% with VIIRS compared to GFED. • Biomass burning emissions from VIIRS shows doubling effects on PM 2.5 than GFED. • Aerosol radiative effects from VIIRS during episodes enhance daily PM 2.5 by 16 μg m−3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purification of rhamnolipids (RLs) from its fermentation broth has been thought as the main limitation for application of RLs at large-scale. In this work, cationic graphene oxide (C-GO) has been prepared by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and graphene oxide for adsorbing rhamnolipids (RLs) from the fermentation broth. The adsorption capacity of C-GO for RLs was influenced by both the preparing conditions and the adsorption process. After optimizing the preparing parameters, the Zeta potential of the prepared C-GO was as high as + 23.01, and its corresponding adsorption capacity for RLs reached 2.0 g/g C-GO. The maximum adsorption capacity of C-GO reached within 2 min when the initial pH of RLs' fermentation broth was 4.0, the initial concentration of RLs was 16 g/L and the concentration of C-GO added was 4 g/L. Ethanol (99.5%) could recover 90% of RLs adsorbed on the surface of C-GO. The chromatographic purity of recovered RLs was above 90%. Based on the above results, C-GO, with quick, high specific adsorption and easy desorption property for RLs, has great potential in application of RLs' separation. [Display omitted] • Cationic graphene oxide, which zeta potential was + 23.01, has been prepared. • The adsorption capacity of C-GO for RLs reached 2.0 g RLs/g C-GO. • Absolute alcohol recovered 90% of RLs adsorbed on C-GO. • The chromatographic purity of recovered RLs was above 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to study phospholipids (PL) classes and molecular species of large yellow croaker ( Pseudosciaena crocea ) roe. Both gas chromatographymass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) were utilized to analyze and identify the PLs fatty acids compositions and classes in the P. crocea roe, respectively. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) account for 35.0% and 6.9% of the PLs. Phosphatidylcholines (PC), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylinositols (PI) account for 76.36 ± 0.62%, 12.30 ± 0.55%, 9.12 ± 0.02% and 1.09 ± 0.01% of the total PLs, respectively. In addition, the PLs molecular species were characterized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadruple-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). A total of 92 PLs molecular species was identified, including 49 PCs, 13 PEs, 10 phosphatidic acids (PAs), 13 phosphatidylserines (PSs), 3 phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), 2 sphingomyelins (SMs), and 2 PIs of the P . crocea roe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Aspergillus luchuensis is a non-toxigenic fungus in fermentation of pu-erh tea. • The genome of A. luchuensis was sequenced and annotated. • Enzymes related to hydrolysis and O-methylation of phenolics were identified. • Knowledge of functions and mechanisms of A. luchuensis were advanced. Aspergillus fungi are extensively used in traditional food fermentation, so their functions, mechanisms, and safety risks are worth exploring. In this study, a dominant fungal strain (P1) was isolated from a fermented pu-erh tea and identified as A. luchuensis by phylogenetic analysis of fungal internally-transcribed spacer sequencing, partial β-tubulin and calmodulin genes. A pure-strain fermentation of tea leaves was developed, and tea compounds were analyzed by widely-targeted metabolomics, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The mycotoxins, aflatoxin (B1, B2, M1 and M2), fumonisin B1 and B2, ochratoxin A, citrinin, were not detected in fermented tea leaves using methods in the National Standard of the Peoples' Republic of China. The genome of 36.60 Mb with 11,836 protein-coding genes was sequenced by PacBio sequencing and annotated. Expression of fungal genes during fermentation was analyzed by Illumina HiSeq 2500; genes encoding enzymes including glycoside hydrolases, phenolic acid esterases, laccases, tyrosinases, dehydrogenases, peroxidases, dioxygenases, monooxygenases, decarboxylases and O-methyltransferases were identified. These enzymes catalyze hydrolysis, oxidation, ring cleavage, hydroxylation, decarboxylation and O-methylation of phenolic compounds , significantly (p < 0.05) changing the phenolic compound composition. While, phenolic compounds were degraded through degradation of aromatic compounds pathways and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism pathways. These findings advance knowledge of the functions and mechanisms of action of Aspergillus in traditional food fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • P. chrysogenum used in pure-culture and enhanced fermentation of Pu-erh tea. • 69 compounds in enhanced fermentation were significantly lower. • 40 compounds in enhanced fermentation were significantly higher. • Inoculation with P. chrysogenum changed the composition of the fungal community. • Inoculation with P. chrysogenum improved the sensory quality of Pu-erh tea. Developing an effective method to improve the quality of Pu-erh tea is of great scientific and commercial interest. In this work, Penicillium chrysogenum P1 isolated from Pu-erh tea was inoculated in sterilized or unsterilized sun-dreid green tea leaves to develop pure-culture fermentation (PF) and enhanced fermentation (EF) of Pu-erh tea. Spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography determined that contents of free amino acids (FAA), total tea polyphenols and eight polyphenolic compounds in PF were significantly lower than these in non-inoculation control test (CK) (P < 0.05), whereas the contents of soluble sugars and theabrownins (TB) in PF were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in CK. A total of 416 volatile compounds were detected by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Comparison to CK, 124 compounds in PF were degraded or decreased significantly [Variable importance in projection [(VIP) > 1.0, P < 0.05, fold change (FC) < 0.5], whereas 110 compounds in PF were formed or increased significantly (VIP > 1.0, P < 0.05, FC > 2). Compared with normal fermentation (NF), the levels of gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin and 64 volatile compounds in EF were significantly lower (VIP > 1.0, P < 0.05, FC < 0.5), whereas the levels of FAA and 39 volatile compounds were significantly higher (VIP > 1.0, P < 0.05, FC > 2). Amplicon sequencing of fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) revealed that P. chrysogenum P1 didn't become the dominant fungus in EF; while the fungal communities in EF were different from those in NF, in that the relative abundances of Blastobotrys bambusae and P. chrysogenum in EF were higher, and the relative abundances of Aspergillus niger and Kluyveromyces marxianus in EF were lower. Overall, inoculation of P. chrysogenum in unsterilized sun-dreid green tea leaves changed the the fungal communities in fermentation of Pu-erh tea, and chemical compounds in fermented tea leaves, i.e., the levels of TB and the compounds responsible for the stale flavor, e.g., 2-amino-4-methoxybenzothiazole were increased, resulting in improvement of the sensory quality, including mellower taste and stronger stale flavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]