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• Investigating elastic modulus of single crystal superalloys with MCrAlY coatings for different preexposure durations. • Introducing a novel life prediction model using strain energy density, factoring in inter-diffusion and microstructural changes. • The proposed model is applicable beyond MCrAlY coatings, proving effective for single crystal superalloys with varied compositions. MCrAlY coatings, extensively utilized for safeguarding turbine blades against oxidation and erosion, encounter impediments due to inter-diffusion between the coating and substrate, thereby exacerbating fatigue life degradation at elevated temperatures. In this study, we introduce a novel approach involving the modification of critical depth in interfacial strain energy density to elucidate the impact of interfacial microstructure evolution on mechanical properties. Building upon this concept, we propose a fatigue life prediction model, which incorporates the dynamic evolution of interfacial structure and mechanical characteristics. Validation against empirical data underscores the commendable precision of the model. Our inquiry not only advances the comprehension of mechanical-chemical coupled behaviors but also yields significant insights for the optimization and maintenance of turbine blades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the quick development of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), CAVs would gradually become an important part of urban traffic. Hence, the impacts of CAVs on urban traffic should be further explored. This study aims to analyze the mixed traffic comprising CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) in different urban scenarios in which different bus station types (i.e., roadside and bay bus stations) and capacities are considered. To do this analysis, this study proposes a cellular automaton model which simulates car following behaviours of vehicles using a two-state safe speed model, and designs specific modeling rules for lane-changing behaviours and vehicle behaviours near bus stations with consideration of the differences between CAVs and HDVs. The analysis results indicate that the impacts of various bus station types and capacities on the mixed traffic flow vary with traffic volumes, while increasing the CAV penetration rate can reduce the traffic congestion caused by bus stop-and-go. Furthermore, the study explores the optimal number of bus routes for different types of bus stations in different urban traffic scenarios, and several possible policy implications have been given according to the analysis results. • A mixed traffic flow model considering bus station effects is proposed. • Congestion caused by different types and capacities of bus stations are compared. • Optimal number of bus routes served by a bus station is examined. • Suggestions for design of bus stations and planning of bus routes are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high prevalence of Salmonella enterica necessitates rapid and efficient detection methods. Targeted mass spectrometry (MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) has become a promising technique with improved specificity and sensitivity. We develop a novel targeted MS method for detecting S. enterica in food based on peptide biomarkers. Using a combination of four peptide biomarkers, this newly developed method could accurately distinguish S. enterica from other conventional food-borne pathogens. When combined with buoyant density centrifugation (BDC), Salmonella was efficiently separated from food matrices. Based on this discovery, this method was successfully applied to detect S. enterica in both artificially and naturally contaminated food samples, comparable to the culture method. These results demonstrate the potential of the targeted MS method in various food categories and are expected to be an alternative approach for S. enterica detection in food. • A S. enterica detection method based on targeted mass spectrometry is presented. • The combination of four selected peptide biomarkers affords high specificity. • Buoyant density centrifugation (BDC) helps separate Salmonella from food samples. • The novel method shows comparable detecting performance with the culture method. • This method successfully detects S. enterica in naturally contaminated food samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar–energy–induced photothermal–pyroelectric synergy sensing platform provides a win-win route to harvest waste heat and convert energy. However, the increase of carrier collision probability from high temperature inevitably leads to the loss of quantum efficiency. Herein, a flexible photothermal-pyroelectric electrode platform with Schottky junction was successfully constructed for maximum utilization of carrier. Under solar-simulated irradiation, the electron-rich and electron-depletion region formed by the Bi 13 S 18 Br 2 -S/alloy rectifier interface in flexible polyvinylidene difluoride-hexafluoropropylene film can increase the accumulation of photogenerated electrons. Meanwhile, the surface bound charges released by dipole oscillation in photothermal-pyroelectric field are continuously supplemented by the emerged high concentration of photogenerated electrons from the Schottky junction, and this synergistic effect prolonged their lifetimes and significantly improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency. To reasonably realize the accurate quantification of the simulated target, the cleavage activity of the CRISPR–Cas system can be specifically restored with the assistance of a synergistic dual-activator, releasing silica as a padlock to produce a target concentration-dependent photoelectric signal. Besides, the temperature variation on the electrode interface was simulated, revealing the synergistic effect between Schottky junction and photothermal–pyroelectric field under photoexcitation. This work broadens a new perspective for upgrading photoelectron utilization and overall performance of flexible sensing platform. [Display omitted] • A Schottky junction nanorods photonic structure with wide-spectrum absorption has been designed. • The promotion process of the Schottky barrier on carrier separation in the photothermal-pyroelectric is investigated. • The synergy of Schottky junction and photothermal-pyroelectric effect achieves efficient energy conversion. • The sensing platform integrates flexibility, strong thermal stability and high portability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Build the model of LJ465Q engine by GT-POWER software and carry on the simulated operation for getting the basic fuel injection scale, then complete the work of Modeling, code generation, ECU brush writing and calibration by MotoHawk rapid prototyping tool and MotoTune, and test verification and optimal calibration. Experiments show that the research method combining software simulations and hardware experiments reduces the number of bench tests, shortens the development cycles and reduces the development costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The first straight-wire appliance was introduced over 40 years ago to increase the consistency and efficiency of orthodontic treatment. More recently, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology has been used to create individualized orthodontic appliances. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness and efficiency of CAD/CAM customized orthodontic appliances compared with direct and indirect bonded stock orthodontic brackets.Methods: This retrospective study included 3 treatment groups: group 1 patients were direct bonded with self-ligating appliances, group 2 patients were indirect bonded with self-ligating appliances, and group 3 patients were indirect bonded with CAD/CAM self-ligating appliances. Complete pretreatment and posttreatment records were obtained for all patients. The American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) Discrepancy Index was used to evaluate the pretreatment records, and the posttreatment outcomes were analyzed using the ABO Cast-Radiograph Evaluation. All data collection and analysis were completed by 1 evaluator.Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the ABO Discrepancy Index or the ABO Cast-Radiograph Evaluation among the groups. Treatment times for the 3 groups were significantly different; the CAD/CAM group was the shortest at 13.8 ± 3.4 months, compared with 21.9 ± 5.0 and 16.9 ± 4.1 months for the direct bonded and indirect bonded groups, respectively. The number of treatment appointments for the CAD/CAM group was significantly fewer than for the direct bonded group.Conclusions: The CAD/CAM orthodontic bracket system evaluated in this study was as effective in treatment outcome measures as were standard brackets bonded both directly and indirectly. The CAD/CAM appliance was more efficient in regard to treatment duration, although the decrease in total archwire appointments was minimal. Further investigation is needed to better quantify the clinical benefits of CAD/CAM orthodontic appliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A highly accurate CBR system with novel similarity measure for fault diagnosis. • Integrating three local similarity measures associated with different attributes. • A tree-based semantic similarity measure linking fault part and fault mode. • The first tentative case base in the field of aero-engine fault diagnosis. Fault diagnosis in aero-engines typically requires an experienced expert for understanding and detecting the cause of faults. However, accurate and quick identification of fault parts is difficult for maintenance crews owing to the complexity of aero-engines. In this study, we developed a case-based reasoning (CBR) system with a highly accurate novel similarity measure for fault diagnosis of aero-engines by retrieving similar fault cases. The proposed CBR system is established based on 143 cases with the knowledge of correctly diagnosed and successfully resolved aero-engine faults, which constitutes the first tentative case base in the field of aero-engine fault diagnosis. The proposed case similarity measure for fault diagnosis of aero-engines integrates three local similarity measures associated with different attributes, especially among which a tree-based semantic similarity measure is proposed to define the relationship between the fault part and fault mode based on a semantic graph incorporated into the aero-engine tree structure. The proposed CBR system is evaluated using the k-nearest neighbors algorithm and 5-fold cross-validation. The system exhibited high retrieval accuracy with all cases collected from real-world scenarios of aero-engine fault diagnosis. Our study shows great promise that the experience-based decisions yielded from the results can aid in aero-engine maintenance and support services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The creep-fatigue tests for seven different kinds of geometrical complex specimens were conducted. • Characteristic parameters were proposed to describe the feature of different geometrical complex specimens. • The SVR and ANN machine learning was used to predict the creep-fatigue life of the specimens. This study proposes a supervised machine learning approach to predict the creep-fatigue life of complex geometrical specimens. Seven different specimens were tested under creep-fatigue loading, and finite element analysis and test results showed that the stress distribution and life of the specimens were significantly influenced by the diameters and arrangement of holes. Characteristic parameters were proposed to describe the specimens' features, and support vector regression (SVR) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods were utilized to predict their life. The results indicate that both methods are effective in predicting the life of the specimens, with the ANN showing better performance when input data is limited. This study offers valuable insights into the leading factors behind the failure of complex geometrical specimens under creep-fatigue loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]