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• Study identifies temporal dynamics of VLPFC and DLPFC during negative emotional processing. • VLPFC was found to work at 400 ms, while DLPFC was found to work at 0 ms and 600 ms during emotional processing. • Results offer insights into the neural mechanisms underlying emotional processing with potential for intervention development. • Online single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) used for investigation is a promising research tool. The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) have been found to play important roles in negative emotion processing. However, the specific time window of their involvement remains unknown. This study addressed this issue in three experiments using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We found that TMS applied over the VLPFC at 400 ms after negative emotional exposure significantly enhanced negative feelings compared to the vertex condition. Furthermore, TMS applied over the DLPFC at both 0 ms and 600 ms after negative emotional exposure also resulted in deteriorated negative feelings. These findings provide potential evidence for the VLPFC-dependent semantic processing (∼400 ms) and the DLPFC-dependent attentional and cognitive control (∼0/600 ms) in negative emotion processing. The asynchronous involvement of these frontal cortices not only deepens our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying negative emotion processing but also provides valuable temporal parameters for neurostimulation therapy targeting patients with mood disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tialite (Al 2 TiO 5) is attracting as a high-temperature ceramic host matrix, but the decomposition of Al 2 TiO 5 at 780–1280 °C is a serious obstacle for practical application. Herein we prepared successfully ultrafine Cr,Mg-codoped Al 2 TiO 5 green ceramic pigment with the nanocrystal sizes less than 50 nm and high-temperature stability of up to 1200 °C via nonhydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) method followed by heating treatment of 750 °C. The effects of Cr and Mg content on phase composition, crystal structure, thermal stability and color property were well investigated. The optimum Cr,Mg-codoped Al 2 TiO 5 pigment with 20 mol% Mg and 6 mol% Cr exhibited an excellent green color (L* = 76.94, a* = −9.62, b* = 14.17), which can be reasonably maintained in exposed air by a heating treatment at 1200 °C for 10 h or in transparent ceramic glaze at 1200 °C for 30 min. These enhanced performances were mainly attributed to synergistic effect of Cr and Mg doping, which hindered the tendency of Al 2 TiO 5 toward decomposition, indicative of its potential application in high-temperature ceramic decoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the features and effects of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on China's policy banks' overseas renewable energy development finance in BRI countries. To this end, this study uses the financing for energy projects' data in China's Global Energy Finance database and performs regression analysis using Differences-in-differences (DID) and Difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) methods. The main findings are as follows. First, compared with non-renewable energy finance, the BRI can increase the number of renewable energy projects financing by China's policy banks in BRI countries; however, this positive effect is mainly reflected in hydropower projects and Southeast Asia. Second, from the perspective of the providers' features, the BRI has a more significant role in promoting the financing of renewable energy by China Export and Import Bank. In terms of recipients' features, China's development finance is mainly directed to high credit risk, low-income countries and regions that traditional donors have disregarded; thus, the policy banks tend to cooperate with government recipients. Third, the BRI has facilitated China's policy banks' renewable energy finance in high carbon intensity countries, breaking the carbon lock-in effect and strengthening renewable energy financing through the establishment of energy partnerships, reflecting the features of joint contribution and cooperation. Our findings alleviate some scholars' concerns about the environmental effects of the BRI to a certain degree and show that proactive policies of investing countries can guide development finance to contribute to the global energy transition and climate goals. • BRI boosts the frequency of China's policy banks' renewable energy (RE) financing. • BRI significantly affects the promotion of RE financing by CHEXIM in BRI countries. • China's RE financing is directed to high credit risk, low-income countries. • China emphasizes joint-construction RE projects to break carbon lock-in effects. • BREP provides an effective cooperation platform for China's energy financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, an innovative approach to fabricate lightweight, highly sensitive three-dimensional (3D) conductive nanofiber sponges for pressure sensors was reported. 3D sponges were prepared by self-assembly of electrospun carbon nanofibers/aminated Fe 3 O 4 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets. Specifically, an external magnetic field was applied to further regulate the orientation and distribution of the graphene nanosheets through the induction of the magnetic field on the nanomagnetons to improve the performance of the sponge. After the external magnetic field conditions were changed, the prepared rGOF/CF composite sponge material showed high sensitivity (0.56 Kpa−1), the volume conductivity of the conductive sponge significantly improved, the conductivity measured at both ends dropped sharply by more than 30–60 times from 6154.4 Ω m. The rGOF/CF composite sponge has certain magnetic properties. It could be applied to the switch of magnetic attraction. Meanwhile, the composite sponge material exhibited good cyclic stability under different pressure compressions and an obvious response to small pressures. [Display omitted] • The composites sponges were made from electrospun carbon nanofibers, aminated Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles and rGO. • An external magnetic field was applied to further regulate the orientation and distribution of the graphene nanosheets. • The prepared rGOF/CF composite sponge material showed high sensitivity. • The composite sponge material showed that the sponge material had good electromagnetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted variability in intensity of care. We aimed to characterize intensity of care among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Objectives: Examine the prevalence and predictors of admission code status, palliative care consultation, comfort-measures-only orders, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Methods: This cross-sectional study examined data from an international registry of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. A proportional odds model evaluated predictors of more aggressive code status (i.e., Full Code) vs. less (i.e., Do Not Resuscitate, DNR). Among decedents, logistic regression was used to identify predictors of palliative care consultation, comfort measures only, and CPR at time of death.Results: We included 29,923 patients across 179 sites. Among those with admission code status documented, Full Code was selected by 90% (n = 15,273). Adjusting for site, Full Code was more likely for patients who were of Black or Asian race (ORs 1.82, 95% CIs 1.5-2.19; 1.78, 1.15-3.09 respectively, relative to White race), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.89, CI 1.35-2.32), and male sex (OR 1.16, CI 1.0-1.33). Of the 4951 decedents, 29% received palliative care consultation, 59% transitioned to comfort measures only, and 29% received CPR, with non-White racial and ethnic groups less likely to receive comfort measures only and more likely to receive CPR.Conclusion: In this international cohort of patients with COVID-19, Full Code was the initial code status in the majority, and more likely among patients who were Black or Asian race, Hispanic ethnicity or male. These results provide direction for future studies to improve these disparities in care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate and a profound immunosuppressive microenvironment that makes immunotherapy ineffective. Herein, an iron-copper bimetallic nanoagent (NMCuA) grafted with blood–brain barrier (BBB) cells targeting peptide angiopep-2 and loaded indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor (NLG919) for remodulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of glioblastoma immunotherapy is demonstrated. Such NMCuA can synergistically amplify nanocatalytic-mediated glioblastoma immunotherapy by interfering with amino acid metabolism. Briefly, Cu/Fe released from the nanoagent undergoes a catalytic reaction to generate cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to intracellular lipid peroxidation (LPO). Meanwhile, Cu2+ also chelates with excess cysteine (Cys), resulting in glutathione (GSH) depletion and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation, further promoting LPO accumulation. In addition, IDO1-mediated tryptophan metabolic pathway is inhibited by NLG919, thus contributing to the reduction of Treg cells (Tregs) accumulation and •OH clearance. Therefore, interfering tumor metabolism enhances metal-based catalytic therapy, which further strengthens •OH burst and intracellular LPO accumulation, thereby triggering an effective immunogenic cell death (ICD) process. This bimetallic nanoagent activates the body to generate a powerful immune response that can significantly inhibit in situ tumor growth and reversing the immunosuppressive TME. Furthermore, the nanoagent can generate effective immune memory effects by combining immune checkpoint inhibitor, thereby suppressing glioblastoma recurrence. [Display omitted] • Developed a bimetallic nanoagent (NMCuA) to synergistically amplify the in vivo nanocatalytic reaction. • NMCuA could reverse the immune-suppressive microenvironment and inhibited established GL261 tumors. • The combination of NMCuA and αPD-L1 resulted in a significant decrease in tumor recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]