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This study aims to explore the prevalence and associated risk factors for potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) in prescriptions among outpatients with depression, and report the widespread relevant drug interactions. The cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on outpatients in a psychiatric hospital. We included prescriptions of outpatients with a principal diagnosis of depression from April 1st to June 30th in 2021. The patients were ≥ 18 years old and treated with two or more drugs including at least one psychotropic drug. pDDIs were detected and identified mainly using Medscape's drug interactions checker. Gender, the number of concomitant drugs, age and diagnosis were analysed as potential risk factors for the occurrence of pDDIs by logistic regression. A total of 13,617 prescriptions were included in the present analysis, and 4222 prescriptions (31.0%) were at risk of 8557 pDDIs. The risk of pDDIs in patients who were prescribed 4–6 drugs (OR: 3.49, 95% CI: 3.11–3.91, p < 0.001) or 7 or more drugs simultaneously (OR: 7.86, 95% CI: 1.58–39.04, p < 0.05) increased compared with patients prescribed 2–3 drugs. Patients with recurrent depressive disorders (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.36, p < 0.05) had an increased risk of pDDIs compared with patients with depressive episodes. In terms of severity of pDDIs identified by Medscape's drug interactions checker, 0.7%, 16.4%, 77.5% and 5.4% of pDDIs were classified as contraindicated, serious, monitor closely and minor, respectively. The most common pDDI was escitalopram + quetiapine (374 prescriptions), which was classified as serious and monitor closely due to different mechanisms of interaction. Increased central nervous system (CNS)-depressant effect was the most frequent potential clinical adverse outcome of the identified pDDIs. pDDIs in outpatients with depression were prevalent in this retrospective study. The number of concomitant drugs and severity of the disease were important risk factors for pDDIs. The pDDIs of the category monitor closely were the most common, and the CNS-depressant effect was the most frequent potential clinical adverse outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, intense pulsed light (IPL) technology, as a novel non-thermal sterilization method, has been increasingly applied to the inactivation of microorganisms, such as Salmonella , in food processing industry. Simultaneously, an emerging concern arises from the sublethal injuries of microorganisms caused by these non-thermal sterilization techniques. In this study, IPL (0.98 J/cm2/pulse luminous flux) showed different bactericidal capacity for Salmonella in water, LB broth, and on the surface of chicken, respectively reducing by approximately 5, 2.11 and 1.77 log CFU/mL after one application performed at a 3 cm distance. These differences were attributed to the induction of sublethal injury in Salmonella by IPL treatment, which can subsequently be repaired within nutrient-rich environments, such as foods or broths. To elucidate the repair mechanism, several intracellular oxidative damage enzymes were measured in sublethal Salmonella with IPL treatment, and then the differentially expressed genes of the sublethal cells were examined by RNA-seq. In the results, the levels of TrxR, NOX, and endogenous H 2 S were significantly increased (27, 2 and 5 fold, respectively); and 264 of 793 identified differentially expressed genes were functionally associated with responding to the IPL stimulus, which were enriched in DNA replication, DNA repair, cell membrane protein, oxidative response, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, and ABC transporters. Therefore, the study identified two key repair mechanisms: repairing membrane proteins and addressing DNA damage. In conclusion, the repair mechanism of Salmonella under IPL stimulus explored in this study provides a new idea for reducing and controlling pathogenic bacteria in the food industry. [Display omitted] • Sublethal injury to Salmonella induced by intense pulse light. • Sublethal Salmonella repaired DNA and membrane protein to survive. • Salmonella repaired DNA by interrupting DNA replication, activating the SOS system. • Salmonella reduced porin proteins diameter to prevent the loss of cellular contents. • TrxR, NADPH, and H 2 S were involved in the repair of sublethal Salmonella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Channel current is 100 times higher than photocurrent. • This OPECT aptasensor amplifies the gate signal output 800 times through channel. • The introduction light avoids using gate voltages further reducing power consumption. • This OPECT aptasensor realizes highly sensitive detection for T-2 toxin in milk samples. Detection of T-2 toxin is of great significance to environment and human health, as T-2 toxin is one of the main toxins that contaminate crops, stored grain and other food. Herein, a zero-gate-bias organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) sensor was proposed based on nanoelectrode arrays as gate photoactive materials which can result in the accumulation of photovoltage and preferable capacitance leading to better sensitivity of the OPECT. For comparison, the channel current of OPECT was 100 times higher than photocurrent of conventional photoelectrochemical (PEC) attributing to remarkable signal amplification of OPECT. It was also found that the detection limit of OPECT aptasensor was as low as 28.8 pg/L, lower than 0.34 ng/L of the conventional PEC method, further indicating the advantage of the OPECT devices in T-2 toxin determination. This research has been successfully applied in real sample detection which provided a general platform of OPECT for food safety analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yeasts are cheap, attractive and easily available residual sources of valuable bio-active compounds. Extraction of these compounds requires to break the yeast cells. So efficient damage of cell wall has become an important issue to be resolved. The aim of this paper is to review the potential of some emerging cell disruption techniques for recovery of intracellular bio-active compounds from Baker's yeast including mechanical (bead mill, high pressure homogenization, ultrasonication), and non-mechanical (electrical, physical, chemical and enzymatic) techniques, as well as some newly developed methods. The advantages and drawbacks of different cell disruption methods were summarized by considering the energy consumption, the interaction of the disruption methods with downstream operations and the process economics of alternative strategies. Finally, some future directions for research areas are proposed. Industrial relevance Wine making process entails the generation of significant amount of waste yeast, which represents an attractive source of valuable compounds that has been relatively unexploited to date. To retain the valuable cell content, effective cell disruption strategies are needed to break the rigid yeast cell walls. This review summarizes the state of the art of some emerging cell disruption techniques for recovery of intracellular bio-active compounds from yeasts including mechanical (bead mill, high pressure homogenizer, ultrasonication), and non-mechanical (electrical, physical, chemical and enzymatic) techniques. Thereby, it identifies the process economics of alternative strategies by considering the interaction of the disruption methods with downstream operations as well as the current situations and future research needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Serious injuries of endometrium in women of reproductive age are often followed by uterine scar formation and a lack of functional endometrium predisposing to infertility or miscarriage. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have shown great promise in clinical applications. In the present study, BM-MSCs loaded onto degradable collagen membranes were constructed. Collagen membranes provided 3-dimmensional architecture for the attachment, growth and migration of rat BM-MSCs and did not impair the expression of the stemness genes. We then investigated the effect of collagen/BM-MSCs constructs in the healing of severe uterine injury in rats (partial full thickness uterine excision). At four weeks after the transplantation of collagen/BM-MSCs constructs, BM-MSCs were mainly located to the basal membrane of regenerative endometrium. The wounded tissue adjacent to collagen/BM-MSCs constructs expressed higher level of bFGF, IGF-1, TGFβ1 and VEGF than the corresponding tissue in rats receiving collagen construct alone or in spontaneous regeneration group. Moreover, the collagen/BM-MSCs system increased proliferative abilities of uterine endometrial and muscular cells, facilitated microvasculature regeneration, and restored the ability of endometrium to receive the embryo and support its development to a viable stage. Our findings indicate that BM-MSCs may support uterine tissue regeneration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Increasing evidence has shown that hormone secretion is regulated by endocytosis. Eps15 homology domain-containing protein 3 (EHD3) is an endocytic-trafficking regulatory protein, but whether EHD3 is associated with testosterone secretion is not clear. This work aims to explore the role of EHD3 in testosterone synthesis. Testosterone concentration was determined by ELISA. The effects of EHD3 on endocytosis were assessed by exosomes tracing assay and Immunofluorescence. Targeting relationship between EHD3 and NR5A1 was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter gene assay in Leydig cells. For in vivo assessments, conditional NR5A1 knockout mouse model was established with CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting technology. EHD3 overexpression significantly increased the concentration of testosterone. EHD3 knockdown markedly decreased testosterone synthesis by reducing endocytosis. The activity of the EHD3 promoter was positively regulated by NR5A1, which occupied the conserved sequence "AGGTCA" in the EHD3 promoter. Furthermore, mice with a Leydig cell-specific conditional NR5A1 knockout displayed the blunted levels of EHD3 and clathrin (a key factor for endocytosis), and serum testosterone concentration compared with NR5A1f/f mice. This study suggests a potential molecular mechanism of testosterone synthesis to fully understand male reproductive health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale and Objectives. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that distinct patterns of gray matter atrophy are responsible for unique interruptions of the naming process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).Materials and Methods. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to characterize at the voxel level the neuroanatomic changes that occur in AD and FTD based on high-resolution T1-weighted three-dimensional (3D) spoiled-gradient echo images of patients (AD, n = 12; FTD, n = 29) and healthy control subjects (n = 12). The cortical atrophy measurements were correlated with performance on behavioral measures of naming and related processes to identify brain regions that may contribute to this language function.Results. Both AD and FTD have significant naming difficulty, and this difficulty in naming correlates with a measure of lexical retrieval in both patient groups as well. However, only FTD patients showed a correlation with semantic memory. Areas of cortical atrophy common to AD and FTD were found in the anterior temporal, posterolateral temporal, and dorsolateral prefrontal regions of the left hemisphere. Correlation with naming in both AD and FTD was seen in the left anterior temporal cortex, suggesting that this area may play a role in the lexical retrieval component of naming. We also observed several unique areas of cortical atrophy in temporal and frontal cortices of these patients. Right anterior temporal and left posterolateral temporal regions of atrophy correlated with naming difficulty in FTD, suggesting that these areas may contribute to the semantic memory component of naming. Cortical areas correlating with naming that are not atrophic may represent regions that play an optional role in naming.Conclusion. VBM provides an important first step in analyzing brain-behavior relations in vivo in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. More refined analyses of brain morphology via high-dimensional normalization methods that are capable of modeling local as well as global variability in neuroanatomical structure promise to be even more informative. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Family accommodation (FA) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) means that the relatives of patients are involved in, help or facilitate patients' ritual behaviors and avoidance, which is a frequent occurrence and underresearched phenomenon in China. Recent studies have suggested that FA is adversely associated with treatment response, contradictory to the goal of cognitive behavior therapy, a contributor to the maintenance of symptoms and increased symptom severity, and associated with low levels of family and social functioning. There is increasing interest and focus on establishing a family-based intervention for OCD treatment based on the inclusion of relatives by decreasing FA. The present study explored the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Family Accommodation Scale for OCD Interviewer-Rated (FAS-IR). A total of 109 patients with OCD and 91 primary relatives were assessed in corresponding patient and family measures, and the FAS-IR was administered to relatives by trained interviewers. More than 90% of the relatives accommodated patients' symptoms with at least one kind of FA behavior over the previous week, and the incidence of extreme or everyday routines was as high as 59.3%. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated two-factor structure for the whole scale, including (1) modification and facilitation, and (2) participation. Cronbach's alpha was 0.798 for the whole scale, and the interrater and test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.835 (95%CI: 0.603–0.937) and 0.882 (95%CI: 0.685–0.959), respectively. Convergent validity was supported in exploring FA and was associated with symptom severity, level of functional impairment and family functioning related to OCD. The FA was not significantly correlated with depressive symptoms rated by the patients, as evidence of acceptable divergent validity. There was no significant difference in FA total score based on patient gender, patient age, or relationship with patients. The Chinese version of the FAS-IR demonstrated excellent psychometric properties for assessing the degree of FA, suggesting that it is a useful and valuable instrument in clinical and research settings. • The study is the first to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the FAS-IR. • The instrument has excellent psychometric properties and has been proved to be a useful and valuable clinically administered tool for assessing FA in clinical and research settings in China. • It also provides a theoretical basis for involving the family in psychotherapy with OCD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synopsis: Diagram of one-step synthesis of core-shell LaFeO 3 @g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure and photoelectrochemical and optical absorption properties of various materials. • The LaFeO 3 @g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure was synthesized by facile one-step method. • The LaFeO 3 @g-C 3 N 4 showed superior PEC properties than LaFeO 3 /g-C 3 N 4. • A PEC aptasensor was constructed for detection of streptomycin. • The proposed aptasensor has a wide linear range and low detection limits. The development of core-shell heterostructure photoactive materials with high visible light response and charge separation efficiency is of great significance. Herein, we prepared LaFeO 3 @g-C 3 N 4 p-n heterojunction with core-shell structure by using facile one-step method. As a contrast, g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets decorated with LaFeO 3 nanoparticles (LaFeO 3 /g-C 3 N 4) were synthesized by a reported method. The LaFeO 3 @g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure boosted the visible light response and effectively separated charge carriers compared to LaFeO 3 /g-C 3 N 4. Moreover, for LaFeO 3 @g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure, the interaction of core-shell interface and synergistic effect of p-n heterojunction made photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties more stable and excellent. Concretely, the absorption band edge of LaFeO 3 @g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure was about 700 nm, which was wider than LaFeO 3 /g-C 3 N 4. Additionally, the photocurrent signal of LaFeO 3 @g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure was 2.3-fold higher than that of LaFeO 3 /g-C 3 N 4. Thus, on the basis of the prominent PEC performance of LaFeO 3 @g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure, we constructed a PEC aptasensor to detect streptomycin (STR) sensitively and selectively. The aptasensor revealed a wide linear concentration range from 0.01 nM to 10000 nM of STR, with a low detection limit of 0.0033 nM (S/N = 3). The fabricated aptasensor had excellent stability, practicability, and reproducibility, laying a good foundation for STR detection in other analytical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a simple, rapid detection method for the analysis of edifenphos (EDI) is crucial due to its residue is harmful to acetylcholinesterase on the human cellular system, and cause a lot of complications. Herein, we synthesized visible light-responsive MoS 2 nanosheets decorated with Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) nanoparticles (ZnPc/n-MoS 2). Due to the sensitization of ZnPc nanoparticles, the resulting ZnPc/n-MoS 2 exhibited narrower energy bandgap and efficient charge transfer. Especially, the carrier lifetime of ZnPc/n-MoS 2 is 2 more times longer than n-MoS 2 , and the photocurrent intensity of ZnPc/n-MoS 2 is 24 times of n-MoS 2 and 22 times of ZnPc nanoparticles under visible light irradiation. Further, a visible light-responsive ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for selectivity recognition of EDI was triumphantly established by using EDI aptamer as a biorecognition element, which exhibited a wide linear ranking from 5 ng L–1 to 10 μg L–1 (R2 = 0.996) and a low detection limit of 1.667 ng L–1 (S/N = 3). The splendid performance of the ZnPc/n-MoS 2 nanosheet ultrasensitive sensing platform can be applied to detect the concentration of EDI in food, biomedical and environmental analysis. • Visible light-responsive ZnPc/n-MoS 2 was fabricated used ZnPc nanoparticles as sensitizer. • The carrier lifetime and photocurrent intensity of ZnPc/n-MoS 2 is 2 more and 24 times of n-MoS 2 , respectively. • A visible light-driven PEC edifenphos aptasensor was firstly successfully established. • The proposed aptasensor exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity for edifenphos detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is an important plant flavonoid, which has received great attention due to its health-benefiting activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic and neuroprotective activities. DMY capsules have been sold in US as a nutraceutical supplement to prevent alcoholic hangovers. The major disadvantage associated with DMY is its chemical instability and poor bioavailability caused by the combined effects of its low solubility and poor membrane permeability. This limits its practical use in the food and pharmaceutical fields. The present paper gives an overview of the current methods for the identification and quantification of DMY. Furthermore, recent findings regarding the main biological properties and chemical stability of DMY, the metabolism of DMY as well as different approaches to increase DMY bioavailability in both aqueous and lipid phases are discussed. Current trends on identification and quantification of DMY have been focused on spectral and chromatographic techniques. Many factors such as heat, pH, metal ions, could affect the chemical stability of DMY. Despite the diverse biological effects of DMY, DMY faces with the problem of poor bioavailability. Utilization of different delivery systems including solid dispersion, nanocapsule, microemuslion, cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, co-crystallization, phospholipid complexes, and chemical or enzymatic acylation has the potential to improve both the solubility and bioavailability. DMY digested in laboratory animals undergoes reduction, dehydroxylation, methylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. Novel DMY delivery systems and basic pharmacokinetic studies of encapsulated DMY on higher animals and humans might be required in the future. • DMY analysis and quantification focused on spectral and chromatographic techniques. • Absence of metal ions, high temperature and alkaline condition increase DMY stability. • Diverse pharmacological effects of DMY were studied and confirmed. • Novel delivery systems were able to increase DMY solubility and bioavailability. • DMY underwent reduction, dehydroxylation, methylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation in an in vivo setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to inevitable manufacturing and installation errors, there are many problems of unequal load sharing in planetary gear train. In this paper, a model is established to predict the reliability of helicopter planetary gear train under the condition of partial load. Firstly, the structure of gear system and partial load state are analyzed in detail, and the load histories of each gear are transformed into equivalent constant amplitude load spectrums to be as the load input variable for reliability model. At the same time, a tooth bending fatigue test is carried out with specific gears, and the statistical results of test data are as the strength input variable for reliability model. Then, according to partial load characteristics of the gear system, the reliability model is established based on the concept of minimum order statistic. Finally, the bad influence of unequal load sharing on planetary gear train is shown by prediction result and the reliability model is verified through a statistical analysis method of random censored data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of dihydromyricetin (DMY) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus . The dilution method indicated that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DMY against V. parahaemolyticus was at 0.625 mg/mL. The inhibitory effects of DMY against V. parahaemolyticus was further studied by analyzing cell morphology, cell injury, cell permeability, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and antibacterial rate. The results showed bacterium cells are completely inactivated in a higher concentration (10 MIC). DMY treatment also lead to an increase in cell membrane permeability, cell injury as well as CSH. A good correlation between antibacterial rate and CSH was also observed. These findings indicated DMY could be used as a new alternative natural antibacterial agent for control pathogen growth in aquatic food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome commonly are found to have morphological brain changes, cognitive impairments, and elevated rates of psychopathology. One of the most commonly and consistently reported brain changes is reduced cerebellar volume. Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to the global cerebellum reductions previously reported, volumetric reductions of the anterior lobule and the vermal region of the neo-cerebellum in the mid-sagittal plane best differentiate children with the deletion from typically developing children. These results suggest that the morphological changes of specific portions of the cerebellum may be an important underlying substrate of cognitive impairments and increased incidence of psychopathology in this group. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The emergence of porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) has caused huge economic losses in the global pig industry. How to realize the sensitive and efficient detection for it is a difficult problem that need to be resolved. In this work, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) detection platform for PDCoV based on nucleic acid level was constructed by combining the advantages of efficient amplification for LAMP and sensitive detection for EIS. Referring to a 159 bp fragment of PDCoV N gene (Genbank：KY078891, 641 bp-799 bp), primers (HS-FIP、BIP、F3、B3) were designed to screened and sulfhydryl groups were activated, and then loop-mediated isothermal amplification was carried out. Subsequently, gold nanoparticles were loaded on indium tin oxide glass by electrodeposition technology, and the amplified products were connected to the electrode surface through the formation of Au–S bonds. According to the difference of charge transfer resistance after double-stranded DNA was connected on the electrode surface, the detection platform can achieve valid detection of PDCoV in the concentration range of 102-107 copies/μL, the limit of detection is 28 copies/μL, and can be used for practical analysis of pig small intestine samples. The schematic illustration of (A) LAMP amplification for PDCoV (B) EIS detection for PDCoV. [Display omitted] • Four PDCoV Primers were screened realizing the efficient PDCoV amplification. • The combination of LAMP and EIS enables efficient and sensitive detection of PDCoV. • This method can satisfy the practical detection of PDCoV in pig small intestine. • The developed platform has the advantages of low cost and simple operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synopsis: Successful preparation of VOPc/CN photoactive materials and construction of PEC aptasensor for DCF detection. • Facile method with easy fabrication enabled the visible/NIR light response PEC sensor for rapid DCF detection. • VOPc/CN nanocomposites was first used as photoactive materials. • VOPc/CN based on VOPc sensitizing CN extend spectral range to visible/ NIR light region. • VOPc/CN photoactive materials demonstrated improved photoelectric conversion efficiency. • This biosensor showed a good sensitivity and a wide linear range. A novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for diclofenac detection, based on visible/near-infrared (vis/NIR) light-responsive vanadyl-phthalocyanine/graphitic carbon nitrid nanosheet (VOPc/CN) nanocomposites, was successfully fabricated. In this work, the first coupling of CN and VOPc with a facile solution–phase method was prepared and applied to PEC sensing. The UV–vis diff ;use reflection spectra (DRS) indicated that VOPc is an excellent photosensitizer when applied to the surface of CN. It promoted CN light absorption to the visible-NIR region, which greatly enhanced the light excitation capability. The PEC signal of the VOPc/CN nanocomposites improved 2.7 and 12.42-fold compared with pure VOPc and CN, respectively, indicating that VOPc/CN nanocomposites have good photoelectric activity and enhanced photo-to-current conversion efficiency. As a result, VOPc sensitized CN was introduced as a covalent immobilizing PEC aptasensor for the sensitive and selective determination of diclofenac (DCF). Under optimal conditions, the fabricated PEC biosensor exhibited good PEC performances with high sensitivity, a low detection limit of 0.03 nM (S/N = 3) and a wide linear response, in the range of 0.1-500 nM. This was due to the specific interaction between DCF and the aptamer. It is concluded that VOPc/CN nanocomposites are potentially promising photoactive materials for applications in PEC biosensors, as well as for photocatalysis and other related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel pathway to clean production of phenol-rich bio-oil and syngas by catalytic pyrolysis of pretreated lignin was investigated for the first time. The process integrated pretreatment and catalysis. The results revealed that the optimal condition for phenol selectivity (95.5%) from unpretreated lignin pyrolysis was achieved at a pyrolytic temperature of 550 °C with catalyst/lignin ratio of 0.7. Lignin pretreatment boosted the volatile production as well as syngas formation. A significant increase in the phenol concentration (from 0.6 to 7.0 mg/mL) for pretreated lignin was achieved at pretreated temperature of 50 °C for 60 min. During the deactivation test, the catalyst exhibited a benign catalytic performance for phenol selectivity after using four times. Further, the "phenol pool" and free radical were proposed to uncover the mechanism of phenol generation from catalytic conversion of pretreated lignin. These findings pave a new and clean route to produce high-purity phenol, which could ultimately advance the utilization of lignin through facile fix-bed catalytic pyrolysis technology. Image 1000930 • High selectivity of phenol (98.2%) was reached in obtained bio-oils. • The phenol concentration was improved dramatically with lignin pretreatment. • Acid pretreatment increased CH 4 and CO concentrations of gas. • The reaction mechanism of lignin catalytic pyrolysis was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress-induced follicular granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis plays an essential role in abnormal follicular atresia, which may trigger ovarian dysfunction. To investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-145 in the regulation of GC apoptosis and modulation of the apoptotic pathway in the setting of oxidative stress, we employed an H 2 O 2 -induced in vitro model and a 3-nitropropionic acid (NP)-induced in vivo model of ovarian oxidative stress. We demonstrated in vitro that miR-145 expression was significantly down-regulated in KGN cells and mouse granulosa cells (mGCs) treated with H 2 O 2 , whereas miR-145 over-expression attenuated H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis in GCs. Moreover, miR-145 protected GCs against H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis by targeting KLF4, which promoted H 2 O 2 -induced GC apoptosis via the BAX/BCL-2 pathway. Importantly, decreased miR-145 expression in the in vivo ovarian oxidative stress model promoted apoptosis by up-regulating KLF4 expression, whereas GC-specific miR-145 over-expression attenuated apoptosis by targeting KLF4. In conclusion, miR-145 protects GCs against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by targeting KLF4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • C3G- β -CD-EP-CMC nanoparticles possessed a preferable particle size with good disperse and homogeneous morphology. • Nanoparticles formation of grafting of C3G to β -CD-EP-CMC could significantly improve the stability of C3G to against thermal or light degradation. • Expanded the knowledge of the application of β -CD-EP-CMC as a novel wall materials for encapsulation. • Extending the application of C3G in nutraceutical with bioactive enhancement. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin constituent of fruits and vegetables. It has been proven to possess numerous health benefits with no side effects. However, the poor stability of C3G is an intractable property that limits its application. Hence, the aim of this study is to improve the stability of C3G through the formation of well dispersed nanoparticles. In this study, C3G loaded β -CD-EP-CMC nanoparticles exhibited nearly spherical with good disperse and homogeneous morphology. Results also indicated that the nanoparticles formation of grafting of C3G to β -CD-EP-CMC could significantly improve the stability of C3G to against thermal or light degradation. Collectively, current results strongly aligned with the prospective purpose that the grafting of C3G to β -CD-EP-CMC nanoparticles could be treated as an effective approach for improving the stability. This study opens a new avenue for the utilization and development of novel wall materials β -CD-EP-CMC in C3G associated nutraceutical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dye sensitization is an alternative strategy to improve photoelectric activity of semiconductors and, particularly, to enhance the activity towards visible light domain. Herein, an artificial Z-scheme bipyridine ruthenium (Ru(bpy) 3 2+) sensitizing narrow-gap bismuth oxy-iodide (BiOI) microspheres was constructed by a simple electrostatic interaction strategy for the first time. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and photoluminescence (PL) analysis showed that this design of such Z-scheme structure was helpful to enhance the interfacial charge transfer and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, due to the sensitization of Ru(bpy) 3 2+, the band gap was narrowed from 1.8 eV of BiOI microspheres to 1.3 eV of BiOI/Ru(bpy) 3 2+ microspheres, leading to improve the utilization of visible light. So that, the photocurrent of the resulted BiOI/Ru(bpy) 3 2+ was 13.0 times that of pure BiOI microspheres. In view of the outstanding photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of BiOI/Ru(bpy) 3 2+ and the high specificity of the aptamer, the PEC aptasensor for ampicillin (AMP) merits the excellent detection performance including a broad linear ranging from 1 × 10–7 nM to 100 nM as well as a low detection limit of 3.3 × 10–8 nM (S/N = 3). This work not only provides a novel way to construct and design highly efficient photoactive materials for PEC detection, but also broadens the application of Z-scheme in the field of sensing. • BiOI/Ru(bpy) 3 2+ microspheres were successfully prepared, showing a 13-fold photocurrent intensity compared to pure BiOI. • The Z-scheme configuration was helpful to enhance the interfacial charge transfer. • As a sensitizer, Ru(bpy) 3 2+ extended the spectral response of BiOI/Ru(bpy) 3 2+, thus improving the visible light utilization. • The fabricated PEC aptasensor exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity for ampicillin detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• C3G-CMC-CaCl 2 exhibited a satisfied encapsulation efficiency with good stability. • C3G-CMC-CaCl 2 possessed a preferable particle size and blood compatibility. • CMC-CaCl 2 composites is a safe wall material for improving the stability of C3G. • Established chemical and biological basis for application of C3G-loaded nanoparticles. • Extending the application of crabapple in food processing with bioactive enhancement. Crabapple (Malus prunifolia Willd. Borkh) is a kind of wild apples with many health benefits. However, the utilization of crabapple fruit remains scarce, due to the poor stability of C3G. In this study, C3G loaded nanoparticles were established by chitosan (CS), chitosan oligosaccharides (CSO), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) united with ionic crosslinking agent γ-Polyglutamic acid (PGA) or calcium chloride (CaCl 2) to improve the stability of C3G. Results showed that C3G-loaded nanoparticles were exhibited nearly spherical with homogeneous morphology. Particularly, C3G-CMC-CaCl 2 nanoparticles exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency (53.88%) and loading efficiency (5.11%) with preferable particle size (180 nm), good stability (−19 mV) and blood compatibility. C3G-CMC-CaCl 2 nanoparticles also revealed the highest releasing ratio (~75%) at pH 5.3 with stability. Present study established the chemical and cell biological basis for further application of C3G-loaded nanoparticles in nutraceutical and functional food fields, extending the application of crabapple in food processing with bioactive enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]