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2D and 3D finite element models were developed to simulate the machining of CFRP with different levels of tool wear. Models were validated by edge trimming experiments on a uni-directional laminate at different fibre orientations using a three flute PCD milling tool. MSC Marc was used to develop the model and in conjunction with a Hashin damage material model. Modelling results are validated according to measured cutting forces at different cutting speeds and feed rates. A percentage difference of +10% and +5% was calculated for the 3D model for Fx and Fy respectively, while a percentage difference of -9% and -50% was found for the 2D model. Tool wear was found to have a significant effect on measured cutting forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: There are insufficient data regarding the efficacy and safety of vaccination in patients with auto-immune disease (AID) and/or drug-related immune deficiency (DRID). The objective of this study was to obtain professional agreement on vaccine practices in these patients. Methods: A Delphi survey was carried out with physicians recognised for their expertise in vaccinology and/or the caring for adult patients with AID and/or DRID. For each proposed vaccination practice, the experts’ opinion and level of agreement were evaluated. Results: The proposals relating to patients with AID specified: the absence of risk of AID relapse following vaccination; the possibility of administering live virus vaccines (LVV) to patients not receiving immunosuppressants; the pertinence of determining protective antibody titre before vaccination; the absence of need for specific monitoring following the vaccination. The proposals relating to patients with DRID specified that a 3–6 month delay is needed between the end of these treatments and the vaccination with LVV. There is no contraindication to administering LVV in patients receiving systemic corticosteroids prescribed for less than two weeks, regardless of their dose, or at a daily dose not exceeding 10mg of prednisone, if this involves prolonged treatment. Out of 14 proposals, the level of agreement between the experts was “very good” for eleven, and “good” for the remaining three. Conclusion: Proposals for vaccine practices in patients with AID and/or DRID should aid with decision-making in daily medical practice and provide better vaccine coverage for these patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]