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The endowment effect indicates that preferences can change rapidly and systematically because of changes in an individual's transient asset position. People's underestimation of the endowment effect's impact on other people's preferences can lead to behavior that can have costly economic consequences.

Lackner et al. found science overconfidence peaks at intermediate levels of knowledge. Those with intermediate knowledge also hold the most negative attitudes toward scientists. In doing so, they provide a novel measure of overconfidence that measures the tendency to give incorrect answers as opposed to answering, 'I don't know'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role played by errors of omission in imperfect self-assessments is examined. It is suggested that people fail to judge their ability more accurately because they have little or no insight into their errors of omission.

• Mathematics and domesticity intersect in complex, consequential ways. • Familial work complicates a narrow image of mathematics as removed from other kinds of writing. • Marriage can shape intellectual labor and legacies long into widowhood or after death. Although much scholarship on nineteenth and twentieth century mathematics has focused on processes of professionalization, historical mathematicians themselves rarely experienced their lives as neatly divisible into the professional and the private. Taking marriage as a focal point, this introduction brings the fruitful historiography of gender, collaborative couples, and domesticity in science into a broader conversation with the history of mathematics. By historicizing marriage and its relationship to mathematical careers, we lay the groundwork for the special issue which uncovers the myriad ways in which spousal collaboration and support have been central to mathematical work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mary Everest Boole framed her husband George Boole's posthumous legacy as a product of their shared family life. • Her expansive conception of teaching spanned the gulf between professional and domestic work. • She claimed a privileged domestic perspective on her husband's intellectual output. • She built her own career in dialogue with his writing after his death. • Ways of practicing domesticity shaped and were shaped by mathematical work. The Victorian writer Mary Everest Boole (1832–1916) developed an idiosyncratic pedagogical treatment of arithmetic, algebra, and logic. Her pedagogy favored active, child-directed learning, and is now generally admired as ahead of its time, though it must be deciphered through fairly eccentric delivery. A recurring theme in Mrs. Boole's prolific writing is the misunderstood legacy of her late husband, the renowned mathematician and logician George Boole (1815–1864). As existing literature has shown, she worked to promote a morally and religiously charged understanding of his work. More fundamentally, she presented an all-encompassing pedagogical perspective on Mr. Boole's life and work. Across her voluminous publications, Mrs. Boole filtered everything—mathematics, logic, religion, morality, and homelife—through the lens of pedagogy. She used this expansive conception of teaching to span the gulf between professional and domestic work, thereby claiming a privileged domestic perspective on her husband's intellectual output and enlisting his legacy as a resource for her own writing. The Booles' entangled careers show how particular ways of practicing domesticity could shape and be shaped by mathematical identities and ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People tend to believe that the attributes they consider self-descriptive are more important for success than those they consider non-self-descriptive. These self-serving prototypes that people possess of social concepts were investigated in two experiments. Empirical results showed that prototypes of task performance are self-serving partly because people are sensitive to the information presented to them regarding success. Prototypes of success tend to converge toward previous evaluations of the self while self-evaluations converge toward previously held prototypes.

Abstract: We present the case of a 63-year-old white male with bilateral chronic leg ulcers due to polycythemia vera and hydroxyurea therapy who demonstrated dramatic healing of his wounds in response to ruxolitinib (Jakafi®, Novartis), a novel Janus kinase-1 and -2 inhibitor. This patient's wound had previously been refractory to multiple surgical interventions and immunosuppression. After the initiation of ruxolitinib, the patient underwent successful split-thickness skin grafting, with resultant healing of his wounds. He was stable without prednisone and other immunosuppressant therapy and had healed at 6 months. Ruxolitinib therapy could represent a novel option for patients who develop persistent inflammatory wounds in the setting of polycythemia vera and hydroxyurea therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We present the case of a 63-year-old white male with bilateral chronic leg ulcers due to polycythemia vera and hydroxyurea therapy who demonstrated dramatic healing of his wounds in response to ruxolitinib (Jakafi®, Novartis), a novel Janus kinase-1 and -2 inhibitor. This patient's wound had previously been refractory to multiple surgical interventions and immunosuppression. After the initiation of ruxolitinib, the patient underwent successful split-thickness skin grafting, with resultant healing of his wounds. He was stable without prednisone and other immunosuppressant therapy and had healed at 6 months. Ruxolitinib therapy could represent a novel option for patients who develop persistent inflammatory wounds in the setting of polycythemia vera and hydroxyurea therapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: This investigation was aimed at examining whether subjects who wear a combination of functional foot orthoses and dental appliances have less postural sway and furthermore to study if these changes are direction dependent. Methods: Centre of pressure (CoP) displacement in seven subjects, mean age 49 range (39–58) who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated using a pressure platform. Total displacement of the centre of pressure, the reduction in the displacement about the origin, area of the ellipse, total displacement along the x- and y-axes and frequency of sway along the anterior–posterior and mediolateral axes were estimated under four conditions, namely wearing orthoses and appliances, wearing only orthoses, only appliances and finally wearing neither orthoses nor appliances. Results: In the six patients who had class II malocclusion there was no significant difference between the displacement (z =0.314 and p =0.753) and the frequency (z =0.680 and p =0.496) of sway along the medio-lateral or anterior–posterior axes. Under control conditions the mean path length was 780 (SD 415) mm, the mean deviation from origin was 4.76 (SD 5.8) mm and the mean area was 0.83 (SD 1.87) mm2/cm2. The mean deviation from origin was seen to reduce under all experimental conditions. Wearing the dental appliance alone was seen to be the most effective although the difference was not statistically significant. The sway area was also seen to reduce under all experimental conditions. The sway was most reduced when participants were wearing orthoses (i.e. conditions 1 and 3) with the reduction being the greatest when the orthoses was worn on its own (i.e. condition 3). Conclusion: While, foot orthoses have been used for the relief of symptoms either within or extrinsic to the foot, they could have a much wider role in the management of patients with stability problems. Results from this study highlight the need for further research in this exciting and as yet unexplored area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

There is an increasing demand for qualified educators throughout American dental schools. A survey designed to identify reasons for interest or lack of interest in education as a career was sent to all first and second year endodontic residents enrolled in the United States in 1999. Seventy-four percent of the 392 students responded (224 men and 65 women). The survey results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Ninety-three percent of the respondents reported an interest in teaching on a part time basis, and of those, 51% were willing to teach 1.5 days/week, but only 16% were willing to teach more than 1.5 days/week. The survey included a list of eight potential reasons for not being interested in a career in education and respondents were asked to mark their top three. Low salaries for teachers was the most frequently chosen reason (70%), 51% listed educational debt, and 31% listed desire to be their own boss or lack of interest in research. Students were also asked to choose the top three reasons for interest in dental education from a list of seven reasons. Enjoyment of clinical teaching was the most frequently selected reason (41%): 32% included enjoying working with others in the field and 24% listed enjoyment of the university atmosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]