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Highly supported microRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in cancer development. Each of these miRNAs may act as an oncomir, a tumor-suppressor, or both in various cancers. Mir-151a-5p is believed to be one of these miRNAs with diverse roles. We have conducted this systematic review to clarify the role of mir-151a-5p in formation of various cancers. We searched for existing articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and RNAcentral databases up to November 2022. A total of 23 articles were qualified and included in the present systematic review. This review is registered on JBI at https://jbi.global/systematic-review-register. Expression levels, diagnostic and prognostic values, biological processes, and targeted downstream genes are included. Assembled data indicate the expression levels of mir-151a-5p vary from down- to up-regulated based on the type of the cancer. Its functional role depends on the genetic profile of cancerous tissue. Results mostly point to the oncogenic role of this miRNA in Pituitary adenomas, Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Endometrial, Lung, Barrett's carcinogenesis, Colorectal, Myelodysplastic syndromes, Hepatocellular carcinoma and Breast cancers, as its inhibited targets seem to be controlling several signaling pathways, cell adhesion, and cell cycle. At the same time, tumor-suppressing role has also been observed only in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma, Central Nerve System (CNS) lymphoma, Chronic Myeloid and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. Two types of cancers, prostate and colon, show contradictory results as there are studies supporting both up- and down-regulation in these cancers. Pituitary adenomas, Barrett's carcinogenesis and CNS lymphomas are top cancers diagnosed with mir-151–5p. However, prognostic feature is only applicable to Lung adenocarcinoma. Based on the present findings and further studies in the future, mir-151a-5p may be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or even a therapeutic target in cancer studies. The articles used in this study can be found with the defined search phrase in mentioned databases. A list of selected articles will be available on reasonable requests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BC) formation is primarily influenced by genetics, epigenetics and environmental factors. Aberrant Genetics and epigenetics leads to a condition known as heterogeneity. The heterogeneity of BC can be divided into several subtypes. Among the epigenetic factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play a crucial role in the development and progression of malignancies. These small non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression through a variety of mechanisms, resulting in either mRNA degradation or translation repression. As miRNAs directly control many proteins, genetic anomalies affect tumor metastasis, apoptosis, proliferation, and cell transportation. Consequently, miRNA dysregulations contribute not only in cancer development but also in invasiveness, proliferation rate and more importantly, drug response. Findings mostly indicate subtype-specified identical miRNA profile in BC. Among the BC subtypes, TNBC, HER2 + and luminal are the most resistant to therapy, respectively. Therapy resistance is greatly associated with miRNA expression profile. Hence, concentration of miRNA is the first marker of its role in chemotherapy response. Overexpressed miRNAs may disrupt drug efflux transporters and decrease the drug accumulation in cell. While down-regulated miRNAs which mediate drug resistance processes are mostly correlated with poor treatment response. Moreover, other mechanisms in which miRNAs play crucial roles in chemoresistance such as cell receptor mediations, dysregulation by environmental factors, DNA defects, etc. Recently, several miRNA-based treatments have shown promising results in cancer treatment. Inhibition of up-regulated miRNAs is one of these therapeutic approaches whilst transfecting cell with down-regulated miRNAs also show promising results. Moreover, drug-resistance could also be determined while in the pre-treatment phase via expression levels of miRNAs. Therefore, miRNAs provide intriguing insights and challenges in overcoming chemoresistance. In this article, we have discussed how miRNAs regulate breast cancer subtypes-specific chemoresistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rapid evaluation of urban water distribution network resilience. • Resilient water supply system against earthquake. • Resilience improvement strategies and their cost investigation. • Novel and practical platform for resilience evaluation of water infrastructure of cities. • Measuring resilience by using hybrid simulation. This article proposes a novel index along with a user-friendly platform for resilience evaluation of the urban water distribution networks (WDN). WDN is of great importance in preserving the safety and sustainability of communities and cities. Resilience of a given system results in its sustainability. In recent years, many studies have focused on resilient urban WDN. However, these studies did not provide a comprehensive evaluation index and platform that could simultaneously consider hydraulic analysis, resilience parameters, and significant uncertainties. In this study, a novel resilience index was defined, and a user-friendly and practical platform (REWAT) was developed to calculate the resilience index using a combination of hydraulic and discrete event simulation concurrently. This platform was applied to a real WDN. Furthermore, new categorization of strategies was proposed to clarify the improvement strategies of WDNs resilience. Two of these strategies were applied to the case study, and their efficacy was investigated. The finding would provide a comprehensive insight and understanding for decision-makers and authorities concerning WDNs resilience. The proposed index and platform could open a new window for managers to allocate budgets more efficiently, prioritize different cities, and simulate the policies and decisions efficacy on WDNs resilience before any expenditure or actual execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the analysis and design of a continuously tunable phase shifter based on composite inductive/capacitive loaded slow-wave transmission lines. Slow-wave transmission lines are suitable candidates for the design of compact phase shifters due to their inherent miniaturized structures and highly dispersive characteristics. The design is started by considering the conventional capacitive loaded slow-wave transmission line, where the capacitors are replaced with varactor diodes for tuning the phase response. Then, more practically implementable phase shifter design is proposed by considering composite inductive/capacitive loaded slow-wave transmission lines. A systematic circuit model-based design method has been developed for the design of the tunable phase shifters using an accurate dispersion analysis. Finally, the efficiency of the design procedure is validated by fabricating and measuring a tunable phase shifter prototype using a four unit cell slow-wave transmission line. The measurements show a 121° phase tunability at 2 GHz design frequency with a maximum insertion loss (IL) of 2.1 dB, whereas a 140° phase tunability at 2 GHz can be achieved at a cost of a higher insertion loss around 2.7 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Designing THz dual-band absorbers based on graphene patterned arrays. • Derivation of closed-form relations for the parameters using an analytical model. • Simplicity of the structure in comparing to the previous proposed absorbers. • Higher quality factor in comparison to other graphene-based dual-band absorbers. • More absorption stability with respect to the oblique incidence angles. This article presents the design of two dual-band graphene-based absorbers for terahertz frequencies. The absorbers are composed of two-dimensional (2D) arrays of ribbons and disks printed on a ground plane backed dielectric spacer. The design is based on the excitation of a specific plasmon polariton of the graphene patterned array at each resonance band. An analytical circuit model is used to derive closed-form relations for the geometrical parameters of the absorber and graphene parameters. The graphene patterned array appears as a surface admittance made of an infinite parallel array of series RLC branches. Each branch is equivalent to a graphene plasmon polariton (GPP) providing a distinct resonance mode. The design procedure is based on selectively exciting the first two GPPs. This means that two of the parallel RLC branches are selectively used in the circuit model analysis. The results obtained using the analytical solution are compared with the full-wave simulations in HFSS. The agreement between the results validates the developed design method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Designing THz dual-band High Impedance Surface based on graphene patterned arrays. • Derivation of closed-form relations for the parameters of the structure using an analytical circuit model. • HIS bands can be adjusted by changing the geometrical parameters of the structure and the Fermi level of graphene. High impedance surface (HIS) is an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) material that shows magnetic conductor surface properties within its band gap frequencies. The operation bandwidth is corresponding to the frequency range, where the reflection phase varies between +90∘ and −90∘. In this paper, a dual-band HIS is investigated based on planar periodic graphene arrays placed on a grounded dielectric substrate. Analytical circuit model of the graphene array together with the transmission line theory is employed to analyze the proposed structure. We demonstrate that the HIS bands can be adjusted by tuning the geometrical parameters of the structure and the Fermi level of graphene. The graphene-based HIS promises future applications in the low-profile, high gain and high efficiency antennas at THz frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]