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This research describes a hybrid solar desalination system that includes a humidification-dehumidification unit as well as a solar still unit. The current system is being studied numerically. A one-dimensional model of the important heat and mass exchanges, as well as the flow field, was built using the finite difference method. Freshwater productivity is calculated under various operating and weather conditions. The model has been modified to investigate the steady-state behavior of the system components. Four major parameters that have a significant impact on system water production are investigated: the feed flow rate of cooling water through the dehumidifier unit, the airflow rate, and the number and height of packing columns. According to the results, the proposed hybrid desalination system provides appropriate operational compatibility between HDH technology and solar energy. The system can provide a daily production of up to 35 liters per day. Increasing the number of packing columns results in a higher increase in fresh water productivity than increasing the height of the packing columns. The optimal air flow rate at a constant saline-water flow rate is obtained. For high airflow rates, the packing column height doesn't significantly affect the daily water production. System performance is investigated by four main parameters: gained output ratio (GOR), humidifier efficiency, exergy efficiency, and system efficiency. The system efficiency reached about 65% and the GOR reached 3.1. The humidifier's efficiency varied between 50% and 75%. The maximum exergy efficiency reached about 5.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Using magnet fins as a reasonable storage material in a conical solar distiller enhance heat transfer, increase water productivity, and offer cost-effectiveness. • Accumulative productivity has an improving rate for CSD-MF-2, CSD-MF-1.5, CSD-MF-1, and CSD-MF-0.5 about 44.54, 32.73, 25.45 and 16.36 respectively. • System efficiency improving rate for CSD-MF-2, CSD-MF-1.5, CSD-MF-1, and CSD-MF-0.5 about 43.07, 31.79, 29.8 and 24.49%, respectively over the traditional one (TCSD). • CSD-MF-2 has the best performance with daily productivity of 7.95 L/m2/day and average system efficiency of 42.2 %. This paper presents a comparative experimental analysis aimed at improving the production of drinking water from conical solar distillers using magnet fins as a low-cost and efficient storage material. Cylindrical magnet fins with a diameter of 1.6 cm were strategically placed at various heights (2 cm, 1.5 cm, 1 cm, and 0.5 cm) with a spacing of 5 cm on the absorber plate to increase the absorption area and heat transfer to the basin water. Three modules were tested under identical conditions over a two-day period with a fixed water depth of 2 cm (corresponding to the maximum magnet fin height). On the first day, the Traditional Conical Solar Distiller (TCSD), the Conical Solar Distiller with Magnet Fins at a height of 2 cm (CSD-MF-2), and the Conical Solar Distiller with Magnet Fins at a height of 1.5 cm (CSD-MF-1.5) were evaluated. On the second day, the TCSD, the Conical Solar Distiller with Magnet Fins at a height of 1 cm (CSD-MF-1), and the Conical Solar Distiller with Magnet Fins at a height of 0.5 cm (CSD-MF-0.5) were tested. The results showed that the daily water yield from the TCSD at a water depth of 2 cm was 5.50 L, whereas the conical solar distillers with magnet fins at heights of 2 cm, 1.5 cm, 1 cm, and 0.5 cm produced 7.95 L, 7.30 L, 6.90 L, and 6.40 L, respectively. Consequently, the utilization of magnet fins led to a significant improvement in distiller productivity, with the best configuration being the CSD-MF-2 with a height of 2 cm, resulting in a 44.54 % increase in yield with an average overall efficiency about 42.2 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Stainless steel is a reasonable, excellent heat storage material, inexpensive and easy to obtain making them a good option for heat storage material in solar stills. • Improvement rate of the daily yield with energy storage with a distance 3, 4, 5 and 6 cm are found as 65.22, 53.04, 42.61 and 28.6 respectively. • The operating period of CCSD, CSD-SSB3, CSD-SSB4, CSD-SSB5, and CSD-SSB6 are 26, 16, 18, 19 and 21 days. • The ideal distance between stainless-steel balls of 1.4 cm diameter is 3 cm. An experimental study of a conical solar distiller's usage of inexpensive energy storage material to increase distillation yield. Stainless-steel balls are utilized in experiments because they increase the surface area of the water and are excellent energy storage devices. The goal of this research is to determine the optimal distance between the stainless-steel balls (with a fixed diameter of 1.4 cm) as a low-cost energy storage material to improve the productivity of conical solar stills. As a result, three identical conical distillates were produced. Experiments are carried out over the course of two days. On the first day, the first distiller is free of stainless-steel balls, the second distiller has a distance of 3 cm between the stainless-steel balls, and in the third distiller there are stainless-steel balls at a distance of 4 cm. The second day, the first distilled is still witness. The second and third distillers have stainless-steel balls placed at the bottom of the basin at distances of 5 and 6 cm, respectively. The depth of the brine in the basins is 1.4 cm. The distillation productivity with storage of stainless-steel balls (a diameter of 1.4 cm) with a distance of 3 cm between the stainless-steel balls achieves a maximum yield of 9500 g/m2 compared to the distillation yields with storage of stainless-steel balls with a distance of 4, 5, and 6 cm between the stainless-steel balls, which amounted to 8800, 8200, 7400, and 5750 g/m2, respectively. The optimal distance between the stainless-steel balls was found to be 3 cm, with an improvement rate of 65.22 %. Finally, conical solar energy with stainless-steel balls as a low-cost energy storage material with diameters of 1.4 cm, and a distance of 3 cm between the stainless-steel balls is still optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, an experimental investigation of a hybrid-solar desalination system consisting of humidification–dehumidification unit and a solar distiller (HDH-SD) with exergoeconomic modelling was conducted. Experimental work was performed under outdoor environmental conditions in September 2021. The present work introduces a new humidifier design with helical flow channels and novel solar distiller with multiple sections. The main motivation for analysis is to determine the optimal system operation and design parameters. Exergy-based loss rate, exergy production factor, exergoeconomic parameters, exergy efficiency, and water cost are the main estimated parameters. The result indicates that the maximum HDH-SD system productivity reached 620 L per month. The exergy loss rate in summer is higher than in autumn and spring by about 33% and higher than in winter by about 60%. The exergoeconomic parameter decreases with an increase in interest rates. However, the increase in interest rates causes an increase in water costs. For a lifetime of 30 years and interest rate of 2%, the lowest water cost is about 1.3 $/m3, but the exergoeconomic parameter is the highest. The present study indicates good agreement between the present experimental and numerical investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental investigation of a hybrid-solar desalination system consisting of a humidification–dehumidification unit and a solar distiller unit. At El Mahalah city- Egypt in climatic conditions, experimental work was performed under real thermal conditions in September 2021. A new design of helical humidifier and multi-section solar distiller has been tested. There is good agreement between the predicted and measured changes in water production and performance parameters. According to testing and operating parameters, the system's highest productivity was 6.7 kg/m2 per day at a production cost of 10.4 $/m3. System performance was tested and represented by system efficiency, humidifier efficiency, and gain output ratio (GOR). The system efficiency, humidifier efficiency, maximum gain output ratio, and exergy efficiency reached 95%, 98%, 1.65, and 7.2%, respectively. The proposed hybrid desalination system gives an adequate operational compatibility between the HDH method and solar energy. [Display omitted] • An experimental study for a solar hybrid desalination system has been conducted. • The highest productivity of the proposed system was 6.7 kg/m2 per day. • The overall system efficiency reached 95% with an average water cost of 10.4 $/m3. • Exergy efficiency and maximum GOR reached 7.2% and 1.61, respectively. • A novel humidifier design was demonstrated with an efficiency reached 98%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]