Search

Cette recherche vise l'étude des relations entre le style d'attachement, le soutien social, la symptomatologie psychotraumatique et le fonctionnement global chez des individus franco-ontariens aux prises avec un TSPT. Cent individus ayant un TSPT ont été recrutés dans une clinique externe de psychiatrie. Les données ont démontré qu'il ne semble pas y avoir d'effet combiné du style d'attachement et du type de soutien social sur la symptomatologie psychotraumatique et le fonctionnement global. Il semblerait toutefois qu'un style d'attachement sécure serait en lien avec une moins grande symptomatologie psychotraumatique et un niveau global de fonctionnement plus élevé. De même, il semblerait qu'une quantité adéquate/élevée de soutien social soit en lien avec une moins grande symptomatologie psychotraumatique et un meilleur niveau global de fonctionnement. Une qualité adéquate/élevée de soutien social serait également associée à une symptomatologie psychotraumatique moindre et à un meilleur niveau global de fonctionnement. Finalement et en considération d'une combinaison quantité et qualité du soutien social, il semblerait que le caractère qualitatif du soutien social soit minimalement nécessaire pour favoriser une plus faible symptomatologie psychotraumatique alors que le caractère quantitatif du soutien social serait minimalement nécessaire pour assurer un meilleur niveau global de fonctionnement. En plus de leurs aspects novateurs, les résultats de cette étude viennent confirmer l'hétérogénéité de la population aux prises avec un TSPT et ouvrent la voie à une prise en charge psychothérapeutique bonifiée. This research aims to study the relationship between attachment style, social support, psychotraumatic symptomatology and overall functioning in Franco-Ontarians with PTSD. One hundred individuals with PTSD were recruited from an outpatient psychiatric clinic. The data demonstrated that there does not appear to be a combined effect of attachment style and social support type on psychotraumatic symptomatology and overall functioning. It would seem, however, that a secure attachment style is associated with less psychotraumatic symptomatology and a higher overall level of functioning. Similarly, it would appear that an adequate/high level of social support is associated with less psychotraumatic symptomatology and a better overall level of functioning. Adequate/high quality of social support would also be associated with lower psychotraumatic symptomatology and a better overall level of functioning. Finally, and considering a combination of quantity and quality of social support, it seems that the qualitative character of social support is minimally necessary to promote a weaker psychotraumatic symptomatology, whereas the quantitative nature of social support would be minimally necessary to ensure a better level of social support overall operation. In addition to their innovative aspects, the results of this study confirm the heterogeneity of the population with PTSD and pave the way for enhanced psychotherapeutic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The medium of instruction (MoI) is pivotal for students learning in multilingual context. • The MoI can create learning inequalities among students' groups. • Rural students tend to benefit from bilingual MoI, especially in mathematics. • The educational context plays a role in the effect of MoI on learning. In multilingual settings, selecting a medium of instruction (MoI) has been widely debated. While proponents advocate for using the official MoI, others support using the mother tongue or adopting bilingual/multilingual MoI. Despite the potential for each MoI model to contribute to learning inequalities among students, there needs to be more evidence regarding the specific categories of students and contextual factors involved. This study focuses on fourteen French-speaking Sub-Saharan African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Madagascar, Niger, Senegal, and Togo) to investigate disparities in learning outcomes between students exposed to the official MoI and those exposed to a bilingual/multilingual MoI. Leveraging data from PASEC 2019, the study employs Residualized Quantile Regression (RQR) as its analytical method. The findings indicate that each MoI model may result in learning outcome disparities, with the extent of inequality varying according to students' performance levels (low, average, or high achievers). Additionally, these disparities are influenced by factors such as the student's urban or rural residence and the specific characteristics of the educational system in place. These findings underscore the importance of developing language-in-education policies that consider students' characteristics (e.g., ability) and contextual factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the discourse-pragmatic use of the adverbs there/here , e.g., " So, our grandson there is a real mixture ", in four small northern Ontario towns. 1200 examples contrasted by type of reference, ambiguous locative or non-locative, were coded for social and linguistic factors and analysed using statistical modelling. The results reveal that the strongest predictor of discourse-pragmatic use is date of birth: middle-aged speakers use it most in each town, but no other social factors (e.g. perceived gender, education, job type) are significant. Importantly, the higher the proportion of Francophone populations in the community, the greater the use of there but not here. We argue that alignment between Francophones and Anglophones is a likely explanation. More generally this study highlights the value of discourse-pragmatic features for understanding styles of interaction and underscores the research potential for comparing these phenomena across communities. • Discourse-pragmatic there/here is a vernacular feature of northern Ontario. • Strongest predictor of use is date of birth: middle-aged speakers use it most. • More French heritage individuals in a community correlates with greater usage. • Heightened use is emblematic of alignment between Francophones and Anglophones as defined and reported in the discourse-pragmatic and sociolinguistic literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous multimedia research suggests that learning from an academic video in a foreign language may represent a boundary condition for the redundancy principle, such that subtitles assist learning, especially for low-proficiency learners. The effects of the subtitle language and the learners' foreign language proficiency level plus any interaction between the two on learning from a subtitled video were examined. In an online study, 131 francophone students allocated to three English proficiency levels studied a video lecture under three conditions: subtitles in English (same as audio), subtitles in French or no subtitles (control). They were then asked to provide subjective ratings (cognitive load and interest) and perform comprehension tasks. Neither a main effect of the condition nor interactions were found on any measure. However, there was a main effect of language proficiency on inference and transfer outcomes as well as on extraneous cognitive load. The findings did not provide evidence for any effect of subtitles in the same or native language, but confirm the leading role of foreign language proficiency in content learning from video in a foreign language. • Enabling video subtitles did not affect content learning in a foreign language. • Subtitles' language had no effect on cognitive load and situational interest. • Language proficiency influenced comprehension and extraneous cognitive load. • Subtitles in any language did not compensate for low language proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study examined the relationship between self-stigma and depression in people with schizophrenia. • Self-stigma was strongly associated with depression over time. • Feeling discriminated against and having difficulties considering the positive aspects of the illness could predict and partially contribute to worsened depressive symptoms. Harmful consequences of self-stigma in schizophrenia are well established in the literature, but its relationship with symptomatology remains unclear. Self-stigma describes the process by which some patients eventually accept, adhere to and apply to themselves the stereotypes associated with schizophrenia. This study aims to describe self-stigma experienced by people with schizophrenia in French-speaking Switzerland and to examine the relationship between self-stigma and depression. This was a longitudinal study including 80 participants. Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between self-stigma and depression over three points of time. Correlations between Stigma Scale subdimensions and sociodemographic variables indicated that age and duration of illness were associated with the discrimination subscale. Self-stigma was strongly correlated with depression over time, whereby higher scores of self-stigma were associated with higher depression. More precisely, the more the patient felt discriminated against and the less he or she perceived the positive aspects of his or her illness, the greater the symptoms of depression. This study highlights the severity of self-stigma endorsed by people with schizophrenia in French-speaking Switzerland. The results provide new knowledge about self-stigma and its potential impact on depressive symptoms. Implementation of self-stigma assessment in clinical practice will allow distinctions to be made between the impact of self-stigma and the consequences of schizophrenia to recommend appropriate intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A criticism of current diagnostic approaches to gaming disorder is that they fail to take into account that high and repeated engagement is not problematic per se, nor is it necessarily associated with adverse consequences. To tackle this controversy, we used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to test, in regular gamers (N = 268), whether high (but healthy) engagement can be distinguished from problematic engagement by using the Addiction-Engagement Questionnaire (Charlton & Danforth, 2007). We then tested whether differential relationships exist between the engagement and addiction constructs, DSM-5 criteria for Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and psychological factors linked to gaming use and misuse (self-reported impulsivity, motives to play, and depression). Results indicated that a model holding engagement and addiction as two distinct, but related, constructs fits the data well. Second, we showed that although both constructs are linked to the number of IGD criteria endorsed, the relationship is more pronounced for the addiction construct. Third, a differential pattern of correlations was observed with the other study variables, further supporting the need to distinguish the two constructs. Our study emphasizes that research is needed to refine the diagnostic approach to gaming disorder to avoid conflating healthy passion with pathological behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the time course of the perception of the /i-y/ contrast by French-speaking blind listeners using a gating paradigm. The performances of the blind listeners in discrimination and identification are compared with the range of performances exhibited by sighted perceivers when stimuli are presented auditorily, visually and audiovisually, whether in acoustically non degraded or in noisy conditions. Results provide evidence in favor of partial compensation for visual deprivation in speech perception. Blind listeners outperformed sighted participants in discriminating between auditorily-presented gated stimuli, particularly in noisy conditions. But this small advantage allowed them to compensate only partially for their inability to exploit visual information in order to process coarticulated speech as quickly and efficiently as sighted controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Review of Applied Psychology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

French-speaking ergonomists conceive constraint as a work situation in which the worker has his power to act, think and decide reduced or hampered, which can facilitate the occurrence of work accidents. A questionnaire with five items was elaborated to measure constraint addressed to nursing staff members. From February to September 2013, a census was carried out at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, one of the biggest hospital complexes in the world. The census response rate was approximately 92%. The construct validity and criterion’s of the questionnaire was checked. After the former, four items remained, two of these measured time constraint and the other two Personal Protection Equipment constraint. The gold standards of the criterion validity were work accident involving exposure to biological fluid (WABIF) caused by sharp objects, WABIF through patient’s body fluid contact and work incident (or almost accident) involving these two kinds of WABIF. Criterion validity was performed with both Item Response Theory (IRT) and Classical Test Theory (CTT) paradigms using logistic regression. Only WABIF by contact and incident got criterion validity. The results of the IRT paradigm showed that it is possible to go beyond the CTT cutoff point and reach a more qualitative interpretation when a relationship is established between the cutoff point value and the b parameter value of the category of each item. Hence, we find the intensity of the item (represented by its category) sufficient to him/her being at that risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Review of Applied Psychology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although it is often assumed that language involves an arbitrary relationship between form and meaning, many studies have demonstrated that nonwords like maluma are associated with round shapes, while nonwords like takete are associated with sharp shapes (i.e., the Maluma/Takete effect, Köhler, 1929/1947). The majority of the research on sound symbolism has used nonwords, but Sidhu and Pexman (2015) recently extended this effect to existing labels: real English first names (i.e., the Bob/Kirk effect). In the present research we tested whether the effects of name sound symbolism generalize to French speakers (Experiment 1) and French names (Experiment 2). In addition, we assessed the underlying mechanism of name sound symbolism, investigating the roles of phonology and orthography in the effect. Results showed that name sound symbolism does generalize to French speakers and French names. Further, this robust effect remained the same when names were presented in a curved vs. angular font (Experiment 3), or when the salience of orthographic information was reduced through auditory presentation (Experiment 4). Together these results suggest that the Bob/Kirk effect is pervasive, and that it is based on fundamental features of name phonemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates whether compensation for coarticulation in speech perception can be mediated by native language. Substantial work has studied compensation as a consequence of aspects of general auditory processing or as a consequence of a perceptual gestural recovery processes. The role of linguistic experience in compensation for coarticulation potentially cross-cuts this controversy and may shed light on the phonetic basis of compensation. In Experiment 1, French and English native listeners identified an initial sound from a set of fricative-vowel syllables on a continuum from [s] to [ ] with the vowels [a,u,y]. French speakers are familiar with the round vowel [y], while it is unfamiliar to English speakers. Both groups showed compensation (a shifted ‘s’/‘sh’ boundary compared with [a]) for the vowel [u], but only the French-speaking listeners reliably compensated for the vowel [y]. In Experiment 2, 39 American English listeners judged videos in which the audio stimuli of Experiment 1 were used as soundtracks of a face saying [s]V, [ ]V, or a visual-blend of the two fricatives. The study found that videos with [ ] visual information induced significantly more “ ” responses than did those made from visual [s] tokens. However, as in Experiment 1, English-speaking listeners reliably compensated for [u], but not for the unfamiliar vowel [y]. The listeners used visual consonant information for categorization, but did not use visual vowel information for compensation for coarticulation. The results indicate that perceptual compensation for coarticulation is a language specific effect tied to the listener’s experience with the conditioning phonetic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to English, for which there exist numerous tests and batteries for the assessment of acquired deficits of language, the tools available to assess French-speaking individuals are much more limited. The Batterie d'Évaluation Cognitive du Langage (BECLA) was purposely developed to fulfill the need for French assessment tools based on theoretical models of cognitive psychology. It comprises 19 tasks, designed to assess each of the components and routes involved in single word processing in order to identify the functional locus/loci of impairment. In this article, we describe the BECLA and we present normative data for individuals 18–94 years of age ( N = 248). The sample was stratified by age, gender, and years of education, according to the Institut de la statistique du Québec , in order to be representative of the French-Quebec population. Percentile scores were provided for each BECLA task in order to show the relative rank of each raw score according to significant correlates. The BECLA is a new clinical, theoretically based assessment battery, useful for identifying and characterizing acquired deficits of language in younger and older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of a [+NP] feature (representing a ‘lexical restriction’) on both the moved DP and the intervening subject is assumed to hinder children's comprehension of object A-bar dependencies ( Friedmann et al., 2009 ). In order to better understand the nature and impact of this feature and its interaction with animacy, we assessed comprehension of object relative clauses and wh-questions in French-speaking children aged 5–11 using a character-selection task. Furthermore, we explored the link between processing of featural relations and working memory abilities through digit-span tasks. Results on questions straightforwardly confirm the role of the [+NP] feature; results on relatives suggest that the locality effect is sensitive to the formal similarity in D + NP shape of the target and the intervener. An animacy mismatch facilitates processing (as of age 7) only in the [+NP] condition, suggesting that the computation of locality draws on the structural expression of features, not just their mere semantic value. We argue in favor of a restrictive structural approach to intervention, and of a hierarchical organization of features. The link between accuracy and memory scores illustrates that limitations of computational resources affect processing of A-bar dependencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, the French Patent Information User Group (CFIB) has re-organized itself and considerably developed its activities. This article is an overview of the association's current activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) are increasingly performed for the assessment of peripheral neuropathies, but no practical guidelines have yet been established in this specific application. Study aim To determine the relevant indication criteria and optimal technical parameters for SSEP recording in peripheral neuropathy investigation. Methods A survey was conducted among the French-speaking practitioners with experience of SSEP recording in the context of peripheral neuropathies. The results of the survey were analyzed and discussed to provide recommendations for practice. Results SSEPs appear to be a second-line test when electroneuromyographic investigation is not sufficiently conclusive, providing complementary and valuable information on central and proximal peripheral conduction in the somatosensory pathways. Conclusions Guidelines for a standardized recording protocol, including the various parameters to be measured, are proposed. Clinical relevance We hope that these proposals will help to recognize the value of this technique in peripheral neuropathy assessment in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inhibition is known to play a role in speech perception and has been hypothesized to likewise influence speech production. In this paper we test whether individual differences in inhibitory skill can lead to individual differences in phonological representations in perception and production. We further examine whether the type of inhibition that influences phonological representation is domain-specific or domain-general. Native French speakers read aloud sentences with words containing a voiced stop that either have a voicing neighbor (target) or not (control). The duration of pre-voicing was measured. Participants similarly performed a lexical decision task on versions of these target and matched control words whose pre-voicing duration was manipulated. Lastly, participants performed linguistic and non-linguistic inhibition tasks. Results indicate that the lower speakers' linguistic or non-linguistic inhibition is, the easier it is for them to recognize words with a voiceless neighbor when these words have a shorter, intermediate, pre-voicing rather than a longer one. Inhibitory skill did not predict recognition time for control words, indicating that the effect was due to the greater activation of the voiceless neighbor. Inhibition did not predict pre-voicing duration in production. These results indicate that individual differences in cognitive skills can influence phonological representations in speech perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To present the outcomes of the newborn hearing screening program in Belgium (French-speaking area) since its implementation and to analyze its evolution between 2007 and 2012 in the neonatal population without reported risk factors for hearing loss. Methods The study was descriptive and based on a retrospective analysis of six annual databases (2007-2012) from the newborn hearing screening program. The main outcomes were identified: prevalence of reported hearing impairment; coverage rates (first and second test, follow-up); proportions of conclusive screening tests; referral rate. Each outcome was presented for the six years and by year of birth. Chi-squares were used to study differences in the various outcomes according to time. Results Over the six years, 264,508 newborns were considered as eligible for the screening. Hearing impairment was confirmed in 1.41‰ (n = 374) of them, with significant disparities from year to year, between 0.67‰ and 1.94‰. Analysis of the screening process showed that only 92.71% (n = 245,219) of the eligible newborns underwent a first hearing test. This coverage rate varied greatly over time: at the beginning, less than 90% of the newborns had a first test and it rose to almost 95%. After the two screening steps, 2.40% (n = 6340) of the newborns were referred to an ENT doctor; the referral rate slightly decreased during the first years of the program and then stabilized around 2.4%. Over the period, only 62.21% of the referred newborns had a follow-up; the follow-up rate was particularly low for the first year (44.91%) and then strongly increased (+19.52% in 2008) but never exceeded 70%. Conclusions Outcome measures for the newborn hearing screening program in Belgium are lower than the benchmarks released by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. Nevertheless, the evolution of the outcome measures since the implementation of the program has been positive, particularly during the first years. At some point, most of the outcome measures decreased or at least did not change any further. The motivation and commitment of the professionals have to be supported in a variety of ways to improve outcome measures and thus, the quality of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Review of Applied Psychology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: L’attribution du diagnostic de bipolarité en pédopsychiatrie a particulièrement augmenté ces dernières années, en particulier aux États-Unis pourtant les données épidémiologiques ne montrent pas d’augmentation de sa prévalence. Beaucoup d’enfants en souffrance n’ont pas reçu de diagnostique car ils avaient un trouble qui n’avait pas encore été défini. Le DSM-5 a nommé ce trouble Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD). Dans la littérature francophone, on retrouve le terme de dysrégulation émotionnelle et comportementale sévère (DES). Les critères fondamentaux du DES sont (1) une irritabilité chronique sévère et (2) des crises de rage, celles-ci comprennent des manifestations verbales et comportementales qui sont des réactions disproportionnées en termes de durée et d’intensité par rapport à la situation qui les a provoquées. Ces enfants présentent donc un tableau clinique de troubles disruptifs qui exprime en réalité une pathologie de l’humeur internalisée, marquée par une instabilité thymique associée à une dysphorie. Ces ű rages Ƈ caractérisent donc un nouveau type spécifique de trouble de l’humeur chez l’enfant. De plus, autant le DES n’est pas une prédisposition pour un trouble bipolaire, autant il l’est pour les troubles dépressifs apparaissant précocement à l’âge adulte. Ainsi, le diagnostic de DES vise à distinguer ces enfants de ceux souffrant de troubles bipolaires et à éviter d’attribuer à tort un diagnostic de troubles des conduites ce qui aurait des conséquences préjudiciables d’un point de vu sociétal et thérapeutique. En effet, les enjeux de la prise de conscience de l’existence du DES sont majeurs pour la prise en charge, notamment médicamenteuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study investigated temporal trends in heterogeneity of foetal growth restriction across neighbourhood deprivation levels for two culturally distinct communities (Anglophones and Francophones) in a North American metropolitan centre. Inequalities in foetal growth restriction related to deprivation fell from 1989 to 2008 for Francophones, but initial improvements for Anglophones later reversed with a rise in poor foetal growth in the most materially disadvantaged and, unexpectedly, advantaged areas as well. Inequalities in foetal growth restriction related to neighbourhood material deprivation may be emerging in this minority Anglophone population. Potential mechanisms underlying these trends are discussed, as well as implications for perinatal health policy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effect of azacitidine (AZA) in therapy related MDS and AML (t-MDS/AML) is not well established. 54 patients (42 t-MDS and 12 t-AML), 71% of whom had complex karyotype, received AZA for at least one cycle (median 4 cycles). The overall response rate (ORR) was 39% in the whole cohort and 62% in patients who received ≥4 cycles. One, 2 and 3 year OS was 36%, 14% and 8% respectively. Female gender (p =0.01) and ECOG 0–1 (p =0.04) were associated with significantly better OS, while karyotype and marrow blast percentage had no significant impact. By comparison with de novo MDS/AML treated in the same program, t-MDS/AML had a similar response rate (38% vs 45% in de novo MDS/AML, p =0.53), but significantly shorter OS (2 year OS of 14% vs 33.9%, p =0.0005). However, in a multivariate analysis performed in all patients (de novo and therapy related cases), only complex karyotype and high IPSS, and not etiology (i.e. de novo versus therapy related), had a significant impact on OS. Nine (15%) patients received allogeneic stem cell transplantation, 4 of whom were still alive. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of European Review of Applied Psychology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Using structural equation modeling with a population-based cohort of French-speaking children from Quebec (Canada), prospective associations were made between two previously established factors underlying student performance — classroom engagement and the teacher–student relations. Our results show developmental continuity in classroom engagement and teacher–student relations from grades 1 through 4, beyond the influence of confounding child factors (sex, kindergarten cognitive skills, and second grade achievement) and family factors (such as maternal education). Although they were both relatively stable over time, closer relations with teachers showed comparatively less stability than classroom engagement. That is, classroom engagement showed the most developmental continuity from one grade to the next. Because intervention programs targeting very young children are among the most cost-effective (Heckman, 2006), our findings suggest the benefits of investing in evidence-based programs, in concert with practitioners, to promote positive teacher relations with students and encourage their active classroom participation and involvement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Many international studies report a high prevalence of personality disorders among inmates on the basis of (semi)-structured diagnostic interviews. The present study proposes a self-reported evaluation of personality disorders using the NEO PI-R. The sample consists of 244 male and 18 female inmates (N =262) who were psychologically assessed. The analysis of the five psychological domains shows that the French-speaking Belgian inmates are as stable, as extroverted, more closed, more agreeable and more conscientious than the normative sample. The NEO PI-R facets are also analyzed. The mean Cohen''s d (.26) is small. Two personality disorders have medium effect sizes: obsessive compulsive personality disorder (high) and histrionic personality (low). Small effect sizes exist for antisocial personality (low), psychopathy (low), narcissistic personality (low), schizoid personality (high) and borderline personality (low). In our view, the context of the assessment can partially explain these results but not entirely. The results do not confirm previous studies and question the high rates of psychiatric prevalence in prison. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Les personnes vivant dans des squats représentent une population vulnérable et difficilement accessible aux mesures de prévention. Le confinement y est particulièrement difficile. Nous rapportons l'expérience et l'efficacité d'un dépistage du SARS-CoV-2 dans deux squats. L'association médecins du monde réalisait des maraudes auprès des personnes vivant dans des squats, en accord avec les référents associatifs des lieux. Quatre cas de COVID-19 furent ainsi diagnostiqués dans un squat A, et deux cas dans un squat B fin mars 2020, habités majoritairement par des migrants. À l'initiative de médecins du monde, un groupe de travail a organisé un dépistage massif des squats, dans l'objectif de limiter la dissémination virale, en proposant notamment l'isolement de cas COVID-19 dans un hébergement et de renforcer les mesures barrières. Ce groupe était constitué de référents du squat, de médecins du monde, de l'équipe mobile de dépistage du CHU, de l'Agence régionale de santé et pour le squat B, de la Mairie. Préalablement aux actions de dépistage, des médecins informaient les squatteurs des objectifs du dépistage, de la nécessité de respecter les mesures barrières, et évaluaient les besoins pour améliorer les conditions sanitaires. La population du squat A était évaluée à 200 personnes. Il n'existait aucune douche et trois toilettes fonctionnelles, avec des points d'eau extérieurs. Cinquante (25 %) personnes ont donné leur accord pour un dépistage organisé le 20 avril. L'âge moyen des personnes dépistées était de 31 (±16) ans, 26 étaient francophones (52 %) et vivaient à 1,8 (±0,7) personnes par chambre. Dix-neuf personnes (38 %) ont été testées positives, et trois personnes ont accepté d'être transférées dans un centre d'hébergement COVID-19. Il n'a pas été possible de revenir sur site, par opposition de certains squatteurs. Cependant, le 5 juin, une action inter-associative a permis l'installation de 6 toilettes et 6 douches. Le squat B était composé de 120 personnes, et avait quatre toilettes et trois douches fonctionnelles. Après trois passages sur 14 jours, 74 (62 %) personnes furent dépistées, et deux cas supplémentaires furent diagnostiqués. L'âge moyen des personnes dépistées était de 30 (±13) ans, 82 % (51/62) étaient francophones avec 2,2 (±1,4) personnes par chambre. L'intervention était concomitante au don de deux toilettes chimiques, et à la distribution de 200 masques en tissu. Dans ces deux squats, aucun cas n'a nécessité une hospitalisation. La prévalence élevée de circulation du SARS-CoV-2 dans les squats impose un dépistage rapide et massif dès le diagnostic d'un cas avéré, puisque tout retard pourrait engendrer une forte dissémination du virus, comme pour le squat A. L'acceptabilité du dépistage, et la possibilité d'intervenir de façon répétée, pourraient dépendre de l'amélioration rapide des conditions sanitaires, comme pour le squat B. Une coordination locale médico-sociale et politique pour ce type d'action est indispensable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nous sommes confrontés à des alertes de contage de la varicelle chez la femme enceinte dans notre hôpital, nécessitant une réactivité importante pour l'administration éventuelle d'Immunoglobulines (Ig) en urgence. La notion de varicelle dans l'enfance est souvent difficile à retrouver (patiente peu francophone, précarité de suivi médical). La varicelle est une maladie fréquente de l'enfance, en France > 90 % de la population est immunisée avant 10 ans. Ces données sont moins connues dans les pays à revenu plus faible et l'acquisition de la maladie semble plus tardive dans les régions tropicales. Une sérologie varicelle IgG (CLIA, Diasorin) a été proposée systématiquement au cours d'une consultation de suivi de grossesse à la maternité de notre hôpital pendant 1 mois. Les données médicales et socioéconomiques ont été recueillies et saisies anonymement, ainsi que le statut sérologique vis-à-vis du virus : immunisé, non immunisé ou douteux. Une analyse statistique simple observationnelle et une recherche des facteurs de risque par Chi2 a été réalisée. Sur les 124 femmes, âgées de 30 ans en moyenne ayant bénéficié de la sérologie varicelle, 92 % d'entre elles sont immunisées (n = 114). Parmi les 8 % restantes, 5 patientes ont un résultat négatif et 5 un résultat douteux. Pour la suite de l'analyse nous considérons les résultats douteux comme négatifs (ils auraient été considérés comme tel en cas de contage et aurait indiqué la prescription d'Ig). Trois quart des patientes ne sont pas nées en France, et y sont depuis 6 ans en moyenne (écart-type ET ± 6 ans), 19 % (n = 23) des patientes sont non francophones. Il n'existe aucune prise en charge de sécurité sociale ou uniquement une aide médicale d'État pour 22 % (n = 27) des patientes. La sérologie varicelle a été réalisée à 28 SA en moyenne (ET ± 9 SA). Et le tiers (33 % soit n = 41) sont primipares. En analyse univariée ni le fait d'être née à l'étranger, ni la précarité sociale, ni la barrière de langue n'étaient liés à la non-immunité. Par contre, le fait d'être primipare était lié à un manque d'immunité contre la varicelle (17 % n = 7/41 versus 3,6 % n = 3/83), de même que l'âge (moyenne d'âge chez les non immunisées 26 ans versus 31 ans chez les immunisées, avec p = 0,024). En regardant par origine géographique, les patientes ayant passé leur enfance en région tropicale (Asie et Afrique subsaharienne) avaient plus de risque d'être non immunisées pour la varicelle (15,6 % 5/32 versus 5,4 % 5/92, avec p = 0,07). Malgré la forte proportion de patientes ayant passé leur enfance à l'étranger, la prévalence de patientes immunisées contre la varicelle dans notre maternité semble comparable aux données épidémiologiques françaises. Cependant, dans une population particulière de migrantes originaires de zone tropicale, le risque est probablement plus élevé et nécessite une prise en charge spécifique avec interrogatoire adapté, prescription d'une sérologie et vaccination proposée en post-partum. Cette étude pilote va permettre un travail plus approfondi et un changement de pratique dans notre maternité pour prévenir les varicelles rares mais gravissimes pendant la grossesse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En France, une mesure exceptionnelle de confinement de la population a été mise en place le 17 mars 2020 afin de limiter la propagation de COVID-19 suite à l'augmentation exponentielle des cas. Cette étude observationnelle, menée dans un centre hospitalier universitaire, compare le profil sociodémographique et les modes de contamination présumés des patients hospitalisés pour COVID-19 avant et pendant la période de confinement. Les données des patients hospitalisés entre le 26 février et le 11 mai 2020 dans notre service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales ont été recueillies. La population étudiée a été divisée en 2 groupes : le groupe A comportant les patients considérés comme infectés avant le confinement, en prenant en compte un délai d'incubation maximal de 14 jours, et le groupe B comportant ceux considérés comme infectés pendant le confinement. Trois cent quatre-vingt-trois patients ont été inclus dans l'étude, dont 305 patients (79,6 %) dans le groupe A et 78 patients (20,4 %) dans le groupe B. La population était composée de 237 hommes (61,9 %), répartis de façon similaire dans les 2 groupes (p = 0,65). Les patients du groupe A étaient significativement plus jeunes avec un âge médian de 60 ans (IQR : 39–81) versus (vs) 66,5 ans (IQR : 43–90) dans le groupe B (p = 0,03). La population active était plus importante dans le groupe A (135/305 [44,3 %] vs 19/78 [24,4 %]) tandis que les patients retraités étaient majoritaires dans le groupe B (36/78 [46,2 %] vs 100/305 [32,8 %], p = 0,01). Par ailleurs, la population du groupe B était plus précaire avec davantage de patients non francophones (13/78 [16,7 %] vs 20/305 [6,6 %], p < 0,01) et un nombre plus important de personnes en hébergement social ou sans domicile fixe (SDF) (9/78 [11,5 %] vs 13/305 [4,3 %], p = 0,02). Concernant le mode de contamination présumé, le contact avec l'entourage symptomatique ou issu d'un groupe à risque élevé de contamination au SARS-CoV2, était le mode d'exposition prédominant quelle que soit la période (75/305 [24,6 %] vs 26/78 [33,3 %], p = 0,16). Une exposition avec un cas confirmé liée à un voyage était plus fréquente dans le groupe A (30/305 [9,8 %] vs 0/78 [0,0 %], p < 0,01). Dans le groupe B, l'exposition collective (hébergement social, SDF) était plus importante (9/78 [11,5 %] vs 13/305 [4,3 %], p = 0,03) ainsi que le nombre de patients institutionnalisés (11/78 [14,1 %] vs 9/305 [3,0 %], p < 0,01). Le taux de contamination nosocomiale était de 11,5 % quelle que soit la période (p = 0,99). L'absence d'exposition évidente était plus fréquemment retrouvée dans le groupe A (120/305 [39,3 %] et 16/78 [20,5 %], p < 0,01). Le confinement a permis de diminuer le nombre de nouvelles contaminations au SARS-CoV-2. Cette mesure a eu un impact conséquent chez les sujets jeunes actifs ayant une mobilité importante. Cependant, il semble avoir été moins efficace chez les populations précaires ainsi que chez les personnes dépendantes et institutionnalisées. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) is a brief, widely adopted, multidimensional questionnaire to evaluate patient-reported symptoms.Objectives: The objective of this study was to define a standard French version of the ESAS (F-ESAS) to determine the psychometric properties in French-speaking patients.Methods: In a first pilot study, health professionals (n = 20) and patients (n = 33) defined the most adapted terms in French (F-ESAS). In a prospective multicentric study, palliative care patients completed the three forms of F-ESAS (F-ESAS-VI, F-ESAS-VE, and F-ESAS-NU, where VI is visual, VE, verbal, and NU, numerical), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. All patients had a test-retest evaluation during the same half-day. Standardized distraction material was used between each scale.Results: One hundred twenty-four patients were included (mean age [±SD]: 68.3 ± 12; 70 women; 54 men). Test-retest reliability was high for all three F-ESAS, and the correlation between these scales was nearly perfect (Spearman rs = 0.66-0.91; P < 0.05). F-ESAS-VI, F-ESAS-VE, and F-ESAS-NU performed similarly and were equally reliable, although there was a trend toward lower reliability for F-ESAS-VI. Correlation between F-ESAS depression and anxiety and HADS depression and anxiety, respectively, were positive (Spearman rs = 0.38-0.41 for depression; Spearman rs = 0.48-0.57 for anxiety, P < 0.05). Among patients, 59 (48%), 45 (36%), and 20 (16%) preferred to assess their symptoms with F-ESAS-VE, F-ESAS-NU, and F-ESAS-VI, respectively.Conclusion: The F-ESAS is a valid and reliable tool for measuring multidimensional symptoms in French-speaking patients with an advanced cancer. All forms of F-ESAS performed well with a trend for better psychometric performance for F-ESAS-NU, but patients preferred the F-ESAS-VE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We introduce a method to partition the difference in total fertility between two groups.Methods: We computed the total fertility rate for Francophones and Anglophones of Quebec, Canada, between 1989-1993 and 2004-2008. We partitioned the difference in excess fertility for one group relative to the other into the number of children contributed by maternal age, origin, material deprivation, education, and offspring birth order. We calculated the change in total fertility over time and the factors that contributed.Results: The total fertility rate was higher by 0.18 children for Francophones in 1989-1993, but the gap reversed in 2004-2008, with total fertility higher for Anglophones by 0.12 children. Francophones had higher fertility in 1989-1993 due mainly to women who were Canadian born, aged 15-29 years, without secondary diploma, or living in socioeconomic deprivation. The reversal in 2004-2008 was caused by a reduction in fertility for Francophones aged 15-29 years and an increase in the contribution of Anglophones who were foreign born, aged 30-49 years or socioeconomically disadvantaged.Conclusions: Through decomposition of differences in total fertility, we identified populations with emerging reproductive vulnerability in a large Canadian province. Socioeconomically disadvantaged Anglophones in Quebec have increasing fertility, a potential sign of increasing reproductive risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]