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Three new phenalenone derivatives, named flaviphenalenones A–C ( 1 – 3 ), together with ten known compounds ( 4 – 13 ) were isolated from solid cultures of a wetland fungus Aspergillus flavipes PJ03-11. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of compound 1 was established by computational electronic circular dichroism (ECD) method. Compounds 2 and 3 showed stronger inhibitory activities on α-glucosidase than acarbose, and compound 1 exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against A549 and MCF-7. In addition, the possible biosynthetic pathways of compounds 1 – 3 were also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new polyketides including three new butenolides ( 1 – 3 ), one new diphenyl ether ( 4 ), and one new benzophenone ( 5 ), together with eleven known compounds ( 6 – 16 ) were isolated from a wetland fungus Aspergillus flavipes PJ03-11. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. All the isolated compounds were tested for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The results showed that compounds 1 – 3 , 6 , 7 , 11 , 15 and 16 exhibited stronger inhibitory activities than acarbose. And the preliminary structure–activity relationships of aspulvinone and diphenyl ether compounds on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven undescribed polyketide compounds (1 – 4 , 9–11) and six known polyketide compounds (5 – 8 , 12 , 13) were isolated from Rhodiola tibetica endophytic Penicillium sp. HJT-A-10. The structural of seven undescribed polyketides metabolites were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The results of anti-inflammatory activity showed that compounds 1–8 ， 10–13 had significant inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. [Display omitted] • Seven undescribed polyketides were isolated from cultures of Penicillium sp. HJT-A-10. • Polysubsituted benzene and diploid, undescribed tanzawaic acid and derivative. • Compounds 1–8 , 10–13 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, especially compound 11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]