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The article presents a study which replicates, as closely as possible, J.E. Wallace's study for another profession, nursing. Specifically, a U.S. national sample of nurse doctorates is studied. Following Wallace, following aspects were compared: the professional work conditions for nurse doctorates in professional (academic) and non-professional (hospital) settings; the organizational and professional commitment of nurse doctorates in these two settings; and the determinants of organizational and professional commitment of nurse doctorates in the two settings. Also, more of a behavioral form of organizational commitment are examined. Looking at intent to leave allows researchers to determine if the professional work setting is where nurse doctorates want to remain employed. The article discusses about nurse doctorates and nursing as a profession and describe the contexts in which nurse doctorates work. Following Wallace, researchers then state the competing proletarianization and adaptation hypotheses for nurse doctorates who work in professional and non-professional settings.