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Shoulder pain is a highly prevalent condition, often resulting in major life limitations, and requiring effective treatments. In this work, we explore the anatomical basis of a proposed approach to the regional anesthesia of the shoulder through a single injection under the subscapularis muscle. Bilateral experimental injections in shoulders from body donors (Radiolar ® and Methylene-Blue) under the subscapular muscle (n = 11) and cadaveric systematic dissections of other 35 shoulders from body donors were performed. Injectate spread was then qualitatively assessed. Long axis of permeable foramina in the anterior aspect of the shoulder joint capsule was measured in centimeters using a digital caliper. More than 40% of specimens had at least one permeable space (Weitbrech and/or Rouvière foramina) communicating the subscapular bursa and the articular space. We further demonstrate that an ultrasonography-guided injection under the subscapularis muscle allows the spread of the injectate through the anterior, inferior and posterodorsal walls of the articular capsule, the subacromial bursa, and the bicipital groove, as well as into the articular space for some injections. The odds of accidental intraarticular injection decrease when injecting with low volumes. This anatomical study provides a detailed description of foramina between glenohumeral ligaments. Furthermore, the data shown in this work supports, as a proof of concept, a safe alternative for rapid and specific blockade of terminal sensory branches innervating the shoulder joint capsule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PENG block • Explanation of anatomical structures in hip joint • Contrast distribution on cadavers with prosthetic hip [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• To define Axillary Circumflex Nerve Block • The sensory block extension of the Axillary Circumflex Nerve Block • Axillary Circumflex Nerve Block for arthroscopy of the shoulder [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by wide-spread fibrosis, activation of immune system with production of autoantibodies and extensive vascular damage. Raynaud''s phenomenon (RP) and digital ulcers (DU) represent two faces of the same coin in SSc vasculopathy. RP, the earliest manifestation of the vascular involvement, is due to an excessive vasospasm of digital arteries, precapillary arterioles and cutaneous arteriovenous shunts, usually in response to cold exposure or other stimuli. DU are a severe complication of microvessel involvement and also of the persistent vasospasm of RP. Thus, the management of RP and DU requires a multimodal approach using a combination of pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical treatments. Currently, the treatment of these complications represents a great challenge for all physicians. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• To redefine clavipectoral facial block • Explanation of anatomical structures around the clavipectoral block area • Periclavicular fascial block for clavicular surgery [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• To define pericapsular nerve group block for postoperative shoulder pain • Pericapsular distribution of injectate • Blockade of the articular branches that innervate the glenohumeral joint [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]