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• Utilizing WiFi signals to detect occupant movement status in multi-person office. • Proposing a method controlling lighting and conducted field experiment. • Comparing the accuracy of the model on the test set and in actual applications. • Reducing the probability of lights on when person left from 10.28% to 2.2%. Occupant behavior (OB) is a significant factor influencing building energy. Detecting occupancy within a building space is crucial for adjusting energy. This paper applied WiFi signals to the real-time detection of occupant movement status and control of the lighting for multi-person offices. Three statuses defined the movement status: enter, stay, and leave. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and GradientBoostingClassifier (GB Classifier) were used to train the movement status recognition model. Moreover, the system utilized WiFi probes to obtain the WiFi received signal strength indicator (RSSI) from smartphones. Then, it invoked the model to identify the movement status. The lighting was paired with a gateway to communicate. Finally, based on the recognition results, the system sent commands to the lights. So, it achieved on-off control of the lighting. To evaluate the performance of the system, a 5-day experiment was conducted in a multi-person office. The results showed that the accuracy of the CNN-GB Classifier model was 90.2% on the test set but 69.7% in practical scenarios. The proposed method exhibited a 23.6% rate of turning on the light when occupants entered, an average error-off rate of 2.87 times per hour during the stay, and a 97.8% accuracy in turning off the lights after occupants left. Therefore, this method is suitable for turning off the lights to save energy when occupants are absent. The response time for correctly turning off the light fell within 6 to 14 min. This achieved the aim of turning off lights after occupants leave to reduce energy waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deficits in associative memory (AM) are the earliest and most prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and demonstrate a clear cause of distress for patients and their families. The present study aimed to determine AM enhancements following accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) in patients with AD. In a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled design, iTBS was administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of patients with AD for 14 days. Measurements included AM (primary outcome) and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Patients were evaluated at baseline, following the intervention (week 2), and 8 weeks after treatment cessation (week 10). Sixty patients with AD were initially enrolled; 47 completed the trial. The active group displayed greater AM improvements compared with the sham group at week 2 (P = 0.003), which was sustained at week 10. Furthermore, higher Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores at baseline were associated with greater AM improvements at weeks 2 and 10. For the independent iTBS group, this correlation predicted improvements in AM (P < 0.001) and identified treatment responders with 92% accuracy. Most of the neuropsychological tests were markedly improved in the active group. In particular, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and MMSE in the active group increased by 2.8 and 2.3 points, respectively, at week 2, while there was no marked change in the sham group. In the present study, accelerated iTBS of the DLPFC demonstrated an effective and well-tolerated complementary treatment for patients with AD, especially for individuals with relatively high MMSE scores. • Accelerate iTBS of the left DLPFC showed an effective and well-tolerated complementary treatment to improve symptoms and cognitive in AD patients. • The MoCA and MMSE in active group increased 2.8 and 2.3 points after two-weeks treatment. • The ameliorating effects were more effective and robust among patients with high MMSE score in baseline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, the vortex-induced vibrational characteristics and heat transfer mechanisms of three tubes with different cross-sectional shapes are numerically studied. The results show that the characteristics of vortex-induced vibration of the vertical elliptical tube and circular tube are obvious. At low flow velocities, the vortex shedding force can affect the vibrational characteristics of horizontal elliptical tube, but the effect is not obvious with increasing flow velocity. When the frequency is locked, the vibrational amplitude of the vertical elliptical tube is the largest, followed in descending order by that of the circular tube, and that of the horizontal elliptical tube. The local heat transfer coefficients of tube at different vibration time are different. High local heat transfer coefficients are produced when vortices form on local walls or—when the relative velocity between the fluid and the heat transfer wall is relatively large. The effects of vortex-induced vibration enhancement heat transfer of these three kinds of tubes are different. The vertical elliptical tube can enhance the heat transfer by 28.6%, the circular tube can enhance it by 21.3%, and the horizontal elliptical tube can only enhance it by 3.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The occupant behavior data of 21 rooms were comprehensively collected. • Lighting and air conditioning usage preferences were recorded and analyzed. • The temperature at different duration after occupancy arrived has been analyzed. • The air conditioning usage patterns have been clustered. In China, despite only 2 % of the population residing on university campuses, these campuses account for 8 % of the total energy consumption. Understanding the space-level energy consumption characteristics and energy-related occupant behaviors on a university campus can help improve campus buildings' energy efficiency. This study investigates 21 office spaces on a university campus to better understand the space-level electricity consumption of air-conditioners (AC) and the occupant behaviors (OB), thermal comfort needs, and window operation. First, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors were installed in the 21 office spaces to collect the indoor temperature and humidity, the electricity consumption of the AC, and the status of doors. The data were collected for the entire cooling season. The space-level occupancy patterns were then analyzed based on the quality of the doors, including the first occupant's arrival time and the last occupant's departure time. Moreover, the indoor temperature, humidity, and illuminance were combined to evaluate occupants' thermal and visual comfort need. In addition, statistical and clustering analyses were conducted on air conditioner operations' duration, frequency, and electricity consumption. The results showed that the spaces were typically occupied from 9:21 to 22:25, with 10 h and 53 min daily. The average indoor temperature was 26.1 °C, ranging from 22.1 °C (5th percentile) to 34.9 °C (95th percentile) when the room was occupied and ranging from 21.7 °C (5th percentile) to 32.5 °C (95th percentile) when the AC was on. The air conditioner's electricity consumption ranges from 11.7 to 152.2 kWh/m2 with a median of 68.9 kWh/m2 and from 46.84 to 1883.7 kWh/person with a median of 464.7 kWh/person. The different occupancy densities often lead to a significant difference in the electricity consumption of air conditioners. The findings of this study can be used to support the development of prototype energy models and occupant-centric control (OCC) models for campus office buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isoliquiritigenin is a botanical estrogen used as a dietary supplement. Previous studies show that other botanical estrogens affect ovarian estradiol synthesis, but isoliquiritigenin’s effects on the ovary are unknown. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that isoliquiritigenin inhibits ovarian antral follicle growth and steroidogenesis. Antral follicles from CD-1 mice were cultured with vehicle control (dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO) or isoliquiritigenin (0.6 μM, 6 μM, 36 μM, and 100 μM) for 48–96 h. During culture, follicle diameters were measured daily to assess follicle growth. After culture, media were collected for hormone assays and follicles were collected for gene expression analysis of steroidogenic enzymes. Isoliquiritigenin inhibited antral follicle growth and altered estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone levels. Additionally, isoliquiritigenin altered the mRNA levels of cytochrome P450 steroid 17-α-hydroxylase 1, aromatase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. These data indicate that exposure to isoliquiritigenin inhibits growth and disrupts steroid production in antral follicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water disinfection greatly reduced the incidence of waterborne diseases, but the reaction between disinfectants and natural organic matter in water leads to the formation of drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs). DBPs have been shown to be toxic, but their effects on the ovary are not well defined. This study tested the hypothesis that monohalogenated DBPs (chloroacetic acid, CAA; bromoacetic acid, BAA; iodoacetic acid, IAA) inhibit antral follicle growth and steroidogenesis in mouse ovarian follicles. Antral follicles were isolated and cultured with either vehicle or DBPs (0.25–1.00 mM of CAA; 2–15 μM of BAA or IAA) for 48 and 96 h. Follicle growth was measured every 24 h and the media were analyzed for estradiol levels at 96 h. Exposure to DBPs significantly inhibited antral follicle growth and reduced estradiol levels compared to controls. These data demonstrate that DBP exposure caused ovarian toxicity in vitro . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was significant for energy save and environment protection that heat recovering high temperature and high humidity air directly discharged into the atmosphere. Based on high temperature and high humidity mine retention tower and return air fluid, the air heat recovery simulation experiment device was designed, and air heat recovery experiment was researched by using spray heat exchanger. Heat exchange efficiency was tested by experiment with certain water spray coefficient and different nozzle number, and experiment result that was error analysis and data correction through compared with theoretical analysis results. Result showed that the air heat recovery simulation device can recycle heat of air fluid stably, and rise temperature of spray cold water to about 15°C. The heat exchange efficiency would be 90% with certain water spray coefficient, which is basically identical with theoretical analysis. Energy saving effect of this device was remarkable with high heat exchange efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Decreased functional connectivity of the intralaminar and medial thalamus with the precuneus was observed in our patients, highlighting the different functions of each thalamic subdivision and different disease process for each subnucleus. • Our results suggested that dysfunction of the intralaminar and medial thalamus is instrumental in Alzheimer's disease. • Our findings could contribute to advancements in precision medicine, i.e., the fact that there is dysfunction in the functional connectivity of the intralaminar and medial thalamus with the precuneus could be considered in target-based therapy such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or deep brain stimulation. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by global cognitive impairment in multiple cognitive domains. Thalamic dysfunction during AD progression has been reported. However, there are limited studies regarding dysfunction in the functional connectivity (FC) of thalamic subdivisions and the relationship between such dysfunction and clinical assessments. This study examined dysfunction in the FC of thalamic subdivisions and determined the relationship between such dysfunction and clinical assessments. Forty-eight patients with AD and 47 matched healthy controls were recruited and assessed with scales for multiple cognitive domains. Group-wise comparisons of FC with thalamic subdivisions as seed points were conducted to identify abnormal cerebral regions. Moreover, correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between abnormal FC and cognitive performance. Decreased FC of the intralaminar and medial nuclei with the left precuneus was observed in patients but not in heathy controls. The abnormal FC of the medial nuclei with the left precuneus was correlated with the Mini Mental State Examination score in the patient group. Using the FC values showing between-group differences, the linear support vector machine classifier achieved quite good in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve. Dysfunction in the FC of the intralaminar and medial thalamus with the precuneus may comprise a potential neural substrate for cognitive impairment during AD progression, which in turn may provide new treatment targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to investigate the cracking behavior and crack formation mechanism of high WC wt% composite coatings. Three NiCrSiBC-WC composite coatings with respective WC wt% of 40%, 50%, 60% were prepared on carbon steel substrates by laser. The macro- and micro-morphologies together with phase compositions of three coatings were comparatively observed. Further, the hardness, residual stress and toughness values of three coatings were tested and calculated quantitatively to get a clear understanding of crack formation. As a result, cracks occurred in 50% and 60%WC coatings but not being found in 40%WC coating. With increasing WC wt%, grains were more refined while more cracks occurred. The cracking of 50%WC coating was attributed to high tensile residual stress coupled with low toughness. Whereas compared with 50%WC coating, the higher crack susceptibility of 60%WC coating was mainly because of further increased residual stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Methoxychlor increased numbers of primary and pre-antral ovarian follicles in mice. • Litter size and pup weight were unaffected by orally gavaged methoxychlor. • Demonstrated ovary resilience can explain absent health effects in wild mammals. Mammals are routinely evaluated with chemical exposure modeling in ecological risk assessments for contaminated terrestrial properties, such as sites managed under the U.S. EPA's Superfund program. Despite modeling outcomes frequently indicating that site mammals are experiencing severe reproductive impacts, there are virtually no known instances of site mammal populations being either unhealthful or reduced in size. This observation has triggered the development of the one-time patented and recently ASTM International-certified Rodent Sperm Analysis method that directly assesses male reproductive health, and thereby the overall health of mammals that occur at sites. Just as experimentation has led to an understanding of the degree of sperm count reduction, sperm motility reduction, and increase in morphologically altered sperm that need occur for reproduction to be impacted, the degree of ovarian follicle count reduction to similarly impact reproductive success should be able to be determined. Thus, adult female CD-1 mice were orally exposed to vehicle control or methoxychlor at 32 and 64 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Pursuant to resting periods of 30 and 60 days post-dosing, half of the treated animals were euthanized and their ovaries were collected and subjected to histological evaluations of follicle numbers and health. The other half of the animals were mated to proven breeder males to enable evaluation of breeding success. At 30 days post-dosing, primary and pre-antral follicle numbers were increased at both methoxychlor doses compared to controls. Further, the number of atretic follicles nearly doubled at both methoxychlor doses compared to controls. In contrast, at 60 days post-dosing, follicle numbers did not differ between methoxychlor treatment and control groups. These results were corroborated by 60-day mated and non-mated mice displaying an increase in serum anti-Müllerian hormone level, a recognized marker for the quantitative aspect of ovarian reserve. At both 30 day and 60 days post-dosing, pup weights and litter sizes in methoxychlor exposed animals were the same as those of controls. Collectively, these data indicate that oral exposure to methoxychlor did not increase follicle atresia or reduce follicle numbers enough to compromise female fertility. These outcomes may be indicators of ovarian follicle resiliency to chemical exposure, a capability that could benefit mammals in the wild. Ovarian follicle resiliency could, in part, explain the recurrent discovery at contaminated terrestrial sites, of rodent populations that are identical (in terms of size, sex ratio, and age distribution) to those of nearby (non-contaminated) reference locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Prenatal phthalate exposure decreased sex steroid hormones in the F1 generation. • Prenatal phthalate exposure increased gonadotropin hormones in the F1 generation. • Phthalate exposure decreased percentage of antral follicles in the F2 generation. • Prenatal phthalate exposure caused irregular cyclicity in the F3 generation. • Prenatal phthalate exposure altered follicle numbers in the F3 generation. Phthalates are known endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are found in many consumer products. Our laboratory previously developed a relevant phthalate mixture consisting of six phthalates and found that it disrupted female fertility in mice. However, it is unknown if prenatal exposure to phthalate mixtures can accelerate reproductive aging and if this occurs in multiple generations. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to a mixture of phthalates accelerates biomarkers of reproductive aging in multiple generations of female mice. Pregnant CD-1 mice were orally dosed with vehicle control or a phthalate mixture (20 μg/kg/day-500 mg/kg/day) daily from gestational day 10 to birth. Adult F1 females born to these dams were used to create the F2 and F3 generations by mating them with unexposed males. At 13 months, estrous cyclicity was monitored and ovaries and sera were collected for analysis. In the F1 generation, the mixture decreased testosterone and inhibin B levels, but increased follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels compared to control. In the F2 generation, the phthalate mixture decreased the percent of antral follicles and testosterone hormone levels compared to control. In the F3 generation, prenatal exposure to the phthalate mixture increased ovarian weight, increased the time in metestrus/diestrus, altered follicle numbers, and decreased the levels of luteinizing hormone compared to control. Collectively, these data suggest that prenatal exposure to a phthalate mixture may accelerate several biomarkers of reproductive aging in a multi- and transgenerational manner in female mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• IAA inhibits mouse antral follicle growth. • IAA interferes with ovarian steroidogenesis. • IAA reduces expression of cell cycle stimulators. • IAA alters expression of steroidogenic factors. • IAA is an ovarian toxicant. The reaction between disinfectants and organic matter or inorganic matter in source water generates disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as iodoacetic acid (IAA). DBPs are associated with health effects such as bladder cancer and adverse reproductive outcomes, but the effects of IAA on the ovary are not well known. This study determined whether IAA exposure affects ovarian follicle growth, steroidogenesis, and expression of apoptotic factors, cell cycle regulators, estrogen receptors, and steroidogenic factors in vitro. IAA exposure significantly decreased follicle growth, expression of cell cycle stimulators, and the proliferation marker Ki67. In contrast, IAA increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a. Moreover, IAA exposure increased expression of pro-apoptotic factors, whereas it decreased expression of anti-apoptotic factors. IAA exposure also altered expression of steroidogenic factors and estrogen receptors, disrupting steroidogenesis. These data demonstrate that IAA exposure inhibits follicle growth, decreases cell proliferation, and alters steroidogenesis in mouse ovarian follicles in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a commonly used plasticizer. Previous studies show that in utero exposure to BPA affects reproductive outcomes in the F1–F3 generations of mice. However, its multigenerational effects on ovarian histology and steroidogenesis over the reproductive lifespan are unknown. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that BPA has multigenerational effects on follicle numbers and steroidogenesis. Mice were exposed in utero to vehicle control or BPA (0.5, 20, and 50 μg/kg/day). Ovaries were collected for histological and gene expression analyses and sera were collected for hormone assays. In utero BPA exposure decreased preantral follicle numbers, cytochrome P450 aromatase mRNA levels, and estradiol levels in the F1 generation, whereas it decreased testosterone levels and altered steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, and cytochrome P450 aromatase mRNA levels in the F2 generation. These data suggest that BPA has multigenerational effects on the ovary in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To assess the outcomes of patients who underwent local excision of adenomyoma and to evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure. Study design: Prospective study of 86 women undergoing local excision of symptomatic uterine adenomyoma at laparotomy. Dysmenorrhea was assessed before and after operation by questionnaire, and the average duration of follow-up was 24 months. Result(s): At 6-month follow-up, all 86 patients’ dysmenorrhea grades were reduced by more than 80%. With a mean follow-up of 24 (range 6–60) months, a total of 2 (2.3%) patients finally underwent hysterectomy, 1 (1.2%) received levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device therapy, and three patients (11.3%) were subsequently given treatment with oral pain medication alone. The mean time interval between local excision and subsequent treatment was 34 months. Two (2.3%) patients became pregnant after the local excision: one (1.2%) at 2 months after the procedure and one (1.2%) at 3 years after the local excision procedure. Conclusion(s): Local excision of uterine adenomyoma remains a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for women with symptomatic uterine adenomyoma. Local excision can effectively alleviate the dysmenorrhea of adenomyoma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights • Genistein exposure does not affect ovarian follicle number. • Genistein exposure does not affect expression of cell cycle regulators. • Genistein exposure does not affect expression of steroidogenic enzymes. • Genistein exposure alters expression of apoptotic regulator genes. Abstract Genistein is a phytoestrogen found in soy. We previously found that adult exposure to dietary levels of genistein affected gestation time, parturition time, litter size, pup weight, and pup mortality in CD-1 mice. The present study investigated the effects of adult genistein exposure on follicle number and gene expression in the ovaries of CD-1 mice. We found that exposure to genistein had no effect on follicle number, but it did affect the expression of apoptotic regulatory genes (Bax, Bcl-2, Bid, and Dffa) in the ovary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A 3D cell-based electrochemical sensor was developed to detect numbing substances. • The sensor utilized sodium alginate/gelatin hydrogel for 3D cell culture and showed excellent biocompatibility. • Detection of Spicy Substances Based on TRPV1 Expression in Human HepG2 Cells. • Lay a foundation for later detection of spicy and numb taste. The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) has been identified as a suitable candidate for a spicy taste (Zanthoxylum plant) sensor. In this study, we investigated the response of TRPV1 expressed on human HepG2 cell membranes following stimulation with Hydroxy-α-sanshool. A three-dimensional (3D) cell-based electrochemical sensor was fabricated by layering cells expressing hTRPV1. l -cysteine/AuNFs electrodes were functionalized on indium tin oxide-coated glass (ITO) to enhance the sensor's selectivity and sensitivity. HepG2 cells were encapsulated in sodium alginate/gelatin hydrogel to create a 3D cell cultivation system, which was immobilized on the l -cysteine/AuNFs/ITO to serve as biorecognition elements. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the developed biosensor was utilized to detect Hydroxy-α-sanshool, a representative substance in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. The result obtained from DPV was linear with Hydroxy-α-sanshool concentrations ranging from 0 to 70 μmol/L, with a detection limit of 2.23 μmol/L. This biosensor provides a sensitive and novel macroscopic approach for TRPV1 detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) is an efficient thermal energy storage material. However, the heat charging/discharging rate of MEPCMs is limited by their low thermal conductivity. Graphene-based materials (i.e. graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO)) have ultrahigh thermal conductivity and have been used as thermal conductive enhancement materials in MEPCMs. This paper reviewed the preparation and characterisation methods of graphene-based materials for MEPCMs. The in-situ polymerization method is the most widely adopted for the preparation of graphene-based microcapsules, and GO-enhanced MEPCM could generate the best morphology result. By embedding graphene in organic shell hybrid structure, the thermal conductivity of microcapsules was increased to as high as 7.2 W/(m∙K). The addition of graphene significantly reduced the supercooling and more than 90% of the leakage rate of MEPCM. It also effectively improved the mechanical strength and photothermal conversion efficiency of MEPCM. In addition, GO exhibits amphiphilicity and can be used as an emulsifier for the preparation of Pickering emulsions. Its amphiphilic properties can be adjusted by: mixing GO with other emulsifiers, altering its pH value, surface modification, and fabricating Janus GO. Graphene can also be used in the preparation of Pickering emulsions after surface modification. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is used as a zero-dimensional surfactant due to their oxygen-containing functional groups, which exhibit good amphiphilic properties. In summary, it is beneficial to modify graphene-based materials as surfactants to replace conventional surfactants during the preparation of oil-water emulsions and high-quality MEPCMs. • In-situ polymerization method is commonly used for the preparation of graphene-based microcapsules. • The thermal conductivity of microcapsules reached 7.2 W/(m∙K) by graphene hybrid shell. • Integrated graphene into MEPCM significantly reduced the supercooling and leakage rate. • GO amphiphilic properties can be adjusted by mixing with other emulsifiers, altering the pH value, surface modification, and fabricating Janus GO. • Modified graphene-based materials as surfactants can be used for MEPCM preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The n-octadecane contents in TRTSF should be less than 30 w.t.% to avoid leakage issue. • Comparing between OCT10%, OCT20% and OCT30%, the higher n-octadecane content in TRTSF the more significant switching effect. • The OCT20% showed a good phase change stability and optical switching effect. • The switching effect of TRTSF samples is enhanced by the thickness of the switch film. • Temperature switching of TRTSF resulted by the decreased transmittance of PCM from 97% to 3.7% after solidification. To overcome the problem of unable automatic turn on and off response to the ambient temperature of current static radiative cooling systems, we prepared a series of temperature-responsive transmission switch film (TRTSF) samples using n-octadecane as phase change material (PCM) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as carrier material. The phase change cycle permeability analysis showed that the TRTSF samples with PCM content above 30.0 w.t.% exhibit a serious leakage problem due to a large number of holes on surface. The TRTSF samples with 10.0–30.0 w.t.% PCM content were further analysed by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TG), and compared with the theoretical PCM contents, which verified the reliability of the curing results of PCM in TRTSF from various aspects. The ultraviolet–visible light-near-infrared (UV–VIS-NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) transmittance characterization of TRTSF revealed that the switching effect was obvious during solid–liquid phase change process. TRTSF microstructure analysis revealed that the particle size distribution of PCM microspheres was between 1 μm and 6 μm. The UV–VIS-NIR band (wavelength at 0.25–1.1 μm) transmittance of PCM decreased to less than 3.7% after solidification due to the interfacial reflectance of solid PCM particles increased to more than 66.8% even in monolayer, thus the solid PCM particles would produce Mie scattering and isolate the internal and external radiation heat transfer. However, the TRTSF can be used as the radiative cooling emission layer since its optical properties were similar to the PDMS when the PCM is in liquid phase. Overall, the TRTSF film prepared in this study successfully adapted the temperature switching properties, also, is expected to be further used for the development of self-adaptive radiative cooling systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]