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Highlights: [•] Rapid shaking-based ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction was established. [•] [C8MIM][BF4] was dispersed in an aqueous solution as fine droplets by rapid shaking. [•] [C8MIM][BF4] have the best extraction efficiency for the colourants compared to commonly used ILs. [•] The limits of detection with in 0.015–0.32ng/mL. [•] This is the first report of IL extraction synthetic food colourants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, bioaugmentation was applied to upgrade a full-scale activated sludge system (S2) into a contact oxidation system (S1). Results showed that when chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (-N) concentration of the petrochemical wastewater were 320–530mg/L and 8–25mg/L, respectively, the bioaugmented process (S1) took only 20 days when they were below 80mg/L and 10mg/L, respectively. However, the unbioaugmented conventional activated sludge process (S2) spent 30 days to reach the similar effluent quality. As the organic loading rate (OLR) increased from 0.6 to 0.9 and finally up to 1.10kg COD/m3 d, S1 showed strong resistance to shock loadings and restored after three days compared to the seven days required by S2. Based on the results of this paper, it shows that bioaugementation application is feasible and efficient for the process upgrade due to the availability of the bioaugmented specialized consortia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]