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The flower-structured CNNS@Bi 2 WO 6 heterostructure photocatalsts with enhanced photocatalytic performance were successfully fabricated by facile in-situ hydrothermal method. Compared with the g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets (CNNS) and pure Bi 2 WO 6 , the flower-structured CNNS@Bi 2 WO 6 heterostructure photocatalysts exhibited better photocatalytic performance and photocatalytic stability for degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline (TC) under visible. The effects of different CNNS contents on the photocatalytic efficiency of the heterostructure photocatalysts have been investigated. The results show that the CNNS@Bi 2 WO 6 heterostructure photocatalst with CNNS mass ratio of 7% presents the best photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic activity enhancement should be attributed to the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and the efficient visible-light utilization efficiency. Compared with CNNS, the absorption of CNNS@Bi 2 WO 6 photocatalysts in the visible region has been greatly strengthened, with red-shift absorption edge by the UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The connection between CNNS and Bi 2 WO 6 was studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The scavenging experiments with different trapping agents demonstrates that the photogenerated h+ in the system can play the main role during the RhB degradation process. Subsequently, the possible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation over flower-structured CNNS@Bi 2 WO 6 heterostructure photocatalysts has been proposed. [Display omitted] • Flower-structured CNNS@Bi 2 WO 6 constructed by in situ hydrothermal method. • The flower-structured photocatalyst with excellent photocatalytic performance. • The photocatalyst exhibiting good photocatalytic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) is one of the most common indoor and outdoor air pollutants. Inhalation of NO 2 is associated with an increased risk of health problems, especially cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms still remain unclear. In this study, we exposed C57BL/6J mice to NO 2 (2.5 ppm, 5 h/d) for 28 days and found that NO 2 inhalation induced cardiac dysfunction in male mice, but not in female mice, including left ventricular dilation and cardiac systolic dysfunction. Pathological staining showed that NO 2 inhalation induced eccentric hypertrophy with enlarged individual cardiomyocytes, dilated left ventricle, and thinning of the left ventricular wall in male mice. The transcriptional analysis suggested that NO 2 exposure could disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis, actin cytoskeletal reorganization, myocardial contractility, and vascular dilation in male mice. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were closely associated with the apoptotic signaling pathways. These findings suggested that NO 2 exposure caused cardiac eccentric hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction through apoptotic signaling pathways, and contributed to cardiotoxicity. [Display omitted] • NO 2 inhalation could induce cardiac eccentric hypertrophy and dysfunction. • NO 2 inhalation altered increased the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes. • NO 2 inhalation affected a series of signaling pathways related to apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is not only a natural anionic polysaccharide with excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and moisturizing effect, but also an essential factor that can affect angiogenesis, inflammation, cell behavior, which has a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. Among them, HA-based hydrogels formed by various physical or chemical crosslinking strategies are particularly striking. They not only retain the physiological function of HA, but also have the skeleton function of hydrogel, which further expands the application of HA. However, HA-based natural hydrogels generally have problems such as insufficient mechanical strength and susceptibility to degradation by hyaluronidase, which limits their application to a certain extent. To solve such problems, researchers have prepared a variety of HA-based multifunctional hydrogels with remarkable properties in recent years by adopting various structural modification methods or novel crosslinking strategies, as well as introducing functionally reactive molecules or moieties, which have extended the application scope. This manuscript systematically introduced common crosslinking strategies of HA-based hydrogels and highlighted the development of novel HA-based hydrogels in anticancer drug delivery, cartilage repair, three-dimensional cell culture, skin dressing and other fields. We hope to provide some references for the subsequent development of HA-based hydrogels in the biomedical field. • Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels have drawn much attention in biomedical field. • Common crosslinking strategies for HA-based hydrogels were summarized. • Representative application progress of HA-based hydrogels was introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 16 volatiles were identified as key odorants in postharvest jasmine flower (PJF). • A reference transcriptome of jasmine with 366,081 full-length isoforms was obtained. • Aroma formation of PJF depend on both de novo biosynthesis and glycoside hydrolysis. • HSPs may guarantee the normal fragrance release of PJF during flowering. Jasmine [ Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton] flowers usually bloom and release their fragrance at night. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of aroma formation during flowering in postharvest jasmine are still poorly understood. Here, we profiled the volatile metabolome, multi-flux full-length sequencing, and transcriptome analysis to investigate volatile biosynthesis and global transcriptomic changes in postharvest flowering jasmine. A total of 102 volatiles were identified. Of these, 16 volatiles were considered key odorants of jasmine flowers. Linalool, α-farnesene, d -nerolidol, geraniol, α-cadinol, benyzl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, 3-hexen-1-ol benzoate, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate play decisive roles in the typical jasmine fragrance, while benzeneacetaldehyde, benzoic acid, methyl anthranilate, methyl 2-(methylamino) benzoate, and (E)-2-hexenal modify the aroma of jasmine. Meanwhile, we built the first reference full-length transcriptome of postharvest jasmine flowers, which had 366,081 non-redundant isoforms. Among them, 280,326 (76.57 %) were annotated with at least one hit in the NT, NR, Swissprot, KEGG, KOG, Pfam, and GO databases. Combined with second-generation transcriptome analysis, we identified 52 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) involved in terpenoid metabolic pathways and 28 DETs involved in phenylpropanoid/benzenoid metabolic pathway, and 31 β-glucosidase transcripts may be related to aroma formation of postharvest jasmine during flowering. In addition, the expression of 42 heat shock protein (HSP) transcripts was positively correlated with the content of 11 key odorants, as revealed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The present results advance the knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of aroma formation in postharvest jasmine during flowering and provide an abundant genetic resource for further studies on gene discovery in jasmine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A total of 18 CsZF-HDs were confirmed from tea plant genome. • CsZF-HD genes have spatio-temporal expression patterns in various tissues. • All the CsZF-HDs we detected differentially expressed under diverse treatments. • Some CsZF-HDs may be regulated by miRNAs under abiotic stresses and hormones stimuli. • The predicted eTM of csn-miR2673a may indirectly modulate CsZF-HD under SA treatment. In plants, zinc finger motif-associated homeodomain (ZF-HD) transcription factors (TFs) play indispensable roles in developmental processes and stress responses. However, the specific functions of members of the ZF-HD gene family in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) are poorly understood. We identified 18 CsZF-HD genes in tea at the whole-genome scale. These genes were phylogenetically classified into two major subfamilies: ZF-HD and MIF. Gene structural analyses showed that 13 of the 18 members have no introns. Analysis of transcriptome data revealed different spatio-temporal expression patterns of CsZF-HD genes in various tissues. On the basis of the cis -acting elements analysis, we detected the expression patterns of CsZF-HD genes under various abiotic and phytohormone treatments (drought, cold, exogenous SA, MeJA, ABA, and GA 3). Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses confirmed the differential expression of CsZF-HDs under diverse stress and phytohormone treatments. The miRNAs that regulate CsZF-HD genes and their endogenous target mimics (eTMs) were predicted and investigated. The expression patterns of CsZF-HD10 and csn-miR172b-5p-3 were completely opposite under salicylic acid treatment. We also detected negative regulatory relationships between csn-miR2673a and CsZF-HD15 under salicylic acid treatment, between csn-miR399a-5 and CsZF-HD9 under abscisic acid treatment, and between csn-miR2673a and CsZF-HD3 under methyl jasmonate treatment during most sequential stages. The results indicate that the predicted eTM (LTCONS-00,013,981) of csn-miR2673a may indirectly modulate CsZF-HD expression by baiting relevant miRNAs under salicylic acid treatment. Together, these results lay the foundation for further research on the biological functions of CsZF-HDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Proteomic and metabolomic data were integrated for oolong tea flavor study. • Totally 782 metabolites and 7245 proteins in processed tea leaves were found. • 46 metabolic biomarkers exhibited significant changes over the processing steps. • An association between some proteins and their metabolic products was revealed. • Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions affect flavor chemical formation. To interpret the enzymatic modulation of the dynamic changes of small molecules in tea leaves during oolong tea manufacturing process, the metabolomic and proteomic studies were performed using processed leaf samples collected at the different manufacturing stages and non-processed fresh leaves as control. As a result, a total of 782 metabolites were identified, of which 46, as the biomarkers, were significantly changed over the manufacturing process. Totally 7245 proteins were qualitatively and quantitatively determined. The abundance of multiple enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase was positively associated with the dynamic changes of their corresponding catalytic products. The overall protein-metabolite association analysis showed that over the enzymatic-catalyzed process production of some non-volatile components, such like carbohydrates, amino acids and flavonoids, were related with the abundance of those responsible proteins in different extents and potentially contributed to the comprehensive flavor of oolong tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]