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Abstract: The multiferroic (PMN-PT/CFO) n (n =1,2) multilayered thin films have been prepared on SiO2/Si(100) substrate with LNO as buffer layer via a rf magnetron sputtering method. The structure and surface morphology of multilayered thin films were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atom force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The smooth, dense and crack-free surface shows the excellent crystal quality with root-mean-square (RMS) roughness only 2.9nm, and average grain size of CFO thin films on the surface is about 44nm. The influence of the thin films thickness size, periodicity n and crystallite orientation on their properties including ferroelectric, ferromagnetic properties in the (PMN-PT/CFO) n multilayered thin films were investigated. For multilayered thin films with n =1 and n =2, the remanent polarization Pr are 17.9μC/cm2 and 9.9μC/cm2; the coercivity H c are 1044Oe and 660Oe, respectively. In addition, the relative mechanism are also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Children carrying CYP3A5*3 with higher body weight had a higher C 0 /Dose. • Routine CYP3A5 genotyping test played a minor role in <6-year-old pediatric patients. • Exposure levels (C 0 , 2–7 ng/mL) was sufficient to maintain remission status in children with RNS. Tacrolimus, an immunosuppressive drug, was recommended by the 2012 KDIGO guidelines to treat nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children and adults. However, it has high interpatient pharmacokinetic variability and exposure levels should be monitored, although there are no specified target concentrations. This retrospective study aimed to review efficacy and safety after concomitant treatment with tacrolimus and prednisone, and to identify factors that contribute to the variable blood-trough-concentration-to-dose (C 0 /Dose) ratio in children with refractory NS (RNS). A 6-month therapy induced complete or partial remission in 95% of patients. One-year follow-up indicated a high remission rate and low nephrotoxicity. Under maintenance dosages, approximately 95% of the C 0 values were 2–7 ng/mL. Body weight (BW), age, CYP3A5 polymorphisms were the factors affecting the C 0 /Dose ratio. The C 0 /Dose ratio in patients with a BW of <20 kg was 1.5-fold than that in patients with BW of ≥40 kg. Moreover, the C 0 /Dose ratio in patients aged 1–≤6 and 6–≤12 years was significantly lower than that in patients aged 12–≤18 years, by 25% and 48%, respectively. There were no significant association between CYP3A5 genotyping and C 0 /Dose ratio in younger children (1–≤6 years), rather than older children (6–≤18 years). In conclusion, routine CYP3A5 genotyping should be considered in children aged over 6 years and exposure levels (C 0) of 2–7 ng/mL may be feasible when tacrolimus is combined with low-dose prednisone to treat childhood RNS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A theoretical model was established to calculate the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of piezoelectric (PMN-PT)/piezomagnetic (CFO) laminated composites on Si substrate. Using this model, the transverse and longitudinal magnetoelectric voltage coefficient formula of laminated composites was derived in ideal interface coupling state simply. The magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (α E) is calculated as function of the volume fraction of piezoelectrics and the thickness of Si substrate. It was found that the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of PMN-PT/CFO laminated composites decreases with increase of Si substrate thickness, which shows strong clamping effect of the substrate. Meanwhile, with increase of substrate thickness, the compressive stress of substrate to PMN-PT enhances, which change the lattice constant of PMN-PT and lead to low optimum PMN-PT volume fraction v. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Rankinite (3CaO·2SiO 2 , [C 3 S 2 ]) is valued for its special properties in different environments. Understanding the properties of C 3 S 2 is important for cement design. The lattice parameters, elastic constants and moduli, anisotropy, dynamical and thermal properties of C 3 S 2 under 0–10 GPa was studied by first-principles method. The elastic properties, including bulk, shear and Young's moduli (B , G and E), Poisson's ratio v and hardness H V , thermal conductivity k was calculated from the elastic moduli. The anisotropy of materials can be described by elastic anisotropy index, three-dimensional (3D) surface structure and elastic modulus projection. The results show that C 3 S 2 has anisotropic elasticity, and the degree of anisotropy increases with the increase of pressure. The dynamic properties of C 3 S 2 under different pressures are also calculated and analyzed. At last, the thermodynamic properties of C 3 S 2 at different pressures are predicted and evaluated in detail. • The mechanical properties were all systematically calculated and analyzed. • The elastic anisotropy of C 3 S 2 increased with increasing pressure. • The results reveal that C 3 S 2 can be mechanically and dynamically stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to determine the 12-month and lifetime prevalence of major depressive episode (MDE) and their socio-demographic correlates in both the urban and rural areas of Beijing, China. Methods: A total of 4767 adults were randomly selected and interviewed in Beijing using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 1.0). Basic socio-demographic and clinical data were collected during the interviews. Results: The overall 12-month prevalence of MDE was 3.2%; 2.8% and 3.8% for men and women, respectively. The overall lifetime prevalence of MDE was 5.3%; 4.4% and 6.3% for men and women, respectively. Being older than 25 years of age was independently associated with increased risk of MDE. Sixteen point three percent of the subjects with lifetime MDE attempted suicide while the rate of suicide attempts was only 0.2% in subjects without MDE. The percentage of subjects with MDE who received any type of treatment from medical practitioners was 33.1%; of them, only 5.4% sought help from mental health professionals. Conclusions: National epidemiologic surveys are needed to further explore the prevalence of MDE in China. The low percentage of subjects treated for MDE constitutes a major public health problem that should be urgently addressed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: In China, there is limited information on smoking and its socio-demographic correlates in general, and in psychiatric patients in particular. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of lifetime, current mild, and heavy smoking, the socio-demographic correlates of current smoking, and its relationship with psychiatric disorders in the Beijing municipality, China. Methods: A total of 5926 subjects who met the study''s entry criteria were randomly selected from the urban and rural areas of Beijing and interviewed using standardized assessment tools, including the collection of basic socio-demographic and clinical data. All subjects fully cooperated in the interviews and readily disclosed all of the information. Results: The prevalence of lifetime smoking was 35.9%; the rates for current mild and heavy smoking were 21.8% and 10.8%, respectively. An age of 24 years or above, male sex, married, divorced, separated or widowed marital status, relatively low level of education (less than college level), being employed, a relatively high monthly income (more than RMB500), rural abode, and having a psychiatric disorder were risk factors of current smoking. Both current mild and heavy smoking were significantly associated with alcohol dependence, and current heavy smoking was also associated with a history of a major depressive episode. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking in the rural and urban areas of Beijing is unacceptably high. In addition to certain socio-demographic factors, smoking was associated with common psychiatric disorders. Nationwide surveys are warranted to further explore the prevalence of smoking in China. Effective strategies to reduce the high rate of smoking are also needed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Daily TAC dose covariate improved the predictive performance in linear PPK model. • The MM model fit the data better compared with the linear model. • A CYP3A5 genotype-based MM model could achieve the target C 0 of TAC better. • Diltiazem increase the C 0 of TAC, and it is more obvious in CYP3A5*3*3 carriers. • The target C 0 of TAC can be easily achieved by tailoring the dose of diltiazem. The population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of tacrolimus (TAC) in children with refractory nephrotic syndrome (RNS) have not been well-characterized. This study aimed to investigate the significant factors affecting the TAC PPK characteristics of children with RNS and to optimize the dosing regimen. A total of 494 concentrations from 108 children were obtained from routine therapeutic drug monitoring between 2016 and 2018. Information regarding the demographic features, laboratory test results, genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A5 (rs776746) and co-therapy medications were collected. PPK analysis was performed using the nonlinear mixed-effects modelling (NONMEM) software and two modelling strategies (the linear one-compartment model and nonlinear Michaelis–Menten model) were evaluated and compared. CYP3A5 genotype, weight, daily dose of TAC and daily dose of diltiazem were retained in the final linear model. The absorption rate constant (Ka) was set at 4.48 h−1 in the linear model, and the apparent clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (V/F) in the final linear model were 14.2 L/h and 172 L, respectively. CYP3A5 genotype, weight and daily dose of diltiazem were the significant factors retained in the final nonlinear model. The maximal dose rate (V max) and the average steady-state concentration at half-Vmax (K m) in the final nonlinear model were 2.15 mg/day and 0.845 ng/ml, respectively. The nonlinear model described the pharmacokinetic data of TAC better than the linear model in children with RNS. A dosing regimen was proposed based on weight, CYP3A5 genotype and daily dose of diltiazem according to the final nonlinear PK model, which may facilitate individualized drug therapy with TAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]