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[Display omitted] Rapid urbanization in the Asia-Pacific region is expected to place two-thirds of its population in concrete-dominated urban landscapes by 2050. While diverse architectural facades define the unique appearance of these urban systems. There remains a significant gap in our understanding of the composition, assembly, and ecological potential of microbial communities on building exteriors. Here, we examined bacterial and protistan communities on building surfaces along an urbanization gradient (urban, suburban and rural regions), investigating their spatial patterns and the driving factors behind their presence. A total of 55 bacterial and protist phyla were identified. The bacterial community was predominantly composed of Proteobacteria (33.7% to 67.5%). The protistan community exhibited a prevalence of Opisthokonta and Archaeplastida (17.5% to 82.1% and 1.8% to 61.2%, respectively). The composition and functionality of bacterial communities exhibited spatial patterns correlated with urbanization. In urban buildings, factors such as facade type, light exposure, and building height had comparatively less impact on bacterial composition compared to suburban and rural areas. The highest bacterial diversity and lowest Weighted Average Community Identity (WACI) were observed on suburban buildings, followed by rural buildings. In contrast, protists did not show spatial distribution characteristics related to facade type, light exposure, building height and urbanization level. The distinct spatial patterns of protists were primarily shaped by community diffusion and the bottom-up regulation exerted by bacterial communities. Together, our findings suggest that building exteriors serve as attachment points for local microbial metacommunities, offering unique habitats where bacteria and protists exhibit independent adaptive strategies closely tied to the overall ecological potential of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damages cause genome instability and are highly cytotoxic. Deoxyribonucleotide metabolism provides building blocks for DNA repair. Nevertheless, how deoxyribonucleotide metabolism is timely regulated to coordinate with DNA repair remains elusive. Here, we show that ionizing radiation results in TBK1-mediated phosphorylation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS)1/2 at T228, thereby enhancing PRPS1/2 catalytic activity and promoting deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. DNA damage-elicited activation of cGAS/STING axis and ATM-mediated PRPS1/2 S16 phosphorylation are required for PRPS1/2 T228 phosphorylation under ionizing radiation. Furthermore, T228 phosphorylation overrides allosteric regulator-mediated effects and preserves PRPS1/2 with high activity. The expression of non-phosphorylatable PRPS1/2 mutants or inhibition of cGAS/STING axis counteracts ionizing radiation-induced PRPS1/2 activation, deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, and DNA repair, and further impairs cell viability. This study highlights a novel and important mechanism underlying an innate immune response-guided deoxyribonucleotide metabolism, which supports DNA repair. [Display omitted] • ATM phosphorylates PRPS1/2 in response to ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage • TBK1 phosphorylates PRPS1/2 in an ATM- and cGAS/STING-dependent manner • TBK1-mediated PRPS1/2 phosphorylation activates PRPS1/2 • PRPS1/2 activation promotes deoxyribonucleotide synthesis and DNA repair Liu et al. demonstrate that ionizing radiation-elicited DNA damages induce ATM and cGAS/STING/TBK1-dependent phosphorylation and activation of PRPS1/2, which accelerate the rate-limiting step during nucleotide synthesis, resulting in increased deoxyribonucleotide production, enhanced DNA repair, and elevated cell viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A 3D adaptive filter demodulator eliminates common-mode noise of MEMS gyro. [•] Selected LMS for its lower hardware resources through simulation comparison. [•] Demonstrated the 3D AFD with improved in-phase and quadrature output results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ti/Al/Ni/Au (200/1200/500/2000Å) Ohmic contact on AlGaN/GaN was prepared and it was subjected to thermal aging experiments. Thermal processing at 400 and 500°C did not change the contact resistance significantly, while high temperature storage at 600°C resulted in a surge in the contact resistance. The Al–Au alloy in the contact metal is believed to re-melt because its lowest melting temperature is 525°C. The liquid of Al–Au alloy is observed to diffuse to the AlGaN surface and consume some AlGaN layer. In addition, voids are found to be produced during thermal process, which can reduce the effective contact area and thus lead to higher contact resistance. The TEM and EDX results of Ohmic contact’s cross sectional images provide evidence for this proposed mechanism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Direct oxidation of composite Ni/Ti metal film structure for AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMT has been successfully demonstrated. In comparison with normal HEMT with Schottky-gate, transistors fabricated with this novel process exhibit three orders of magnitude reduction in gate leakage current, superior breakdown voltage (Vbr =471V vs. 88V for normal HEMT) and electrical stability (∼0.3% electric field stress induced drain current degradation versus ∼6% for normal HEMT after 25V drain bias). The drastic improvement in device performance stability, renders the new process highly promising for GaN based, microwave power amplifier applications in communication and radar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Reeves’s CTLM was reviewed and its scope of application to extract specific contact resistance ρ c was discussed theoretically. Using the same pattern provided by Reeves, the theoretical results with different ρ c were calculated, which show that if the transfer length was small enough, the measurement of the contact end resistance R E measurement was unreliable resulting in great error in the extraction of ρ c or even no solution. The scope of application of this extraction method was also discussed. It is found that the scope of application was not strongly dependent on the measurement accuracy. It is also found that Reeves’s CTLM could be used only if the sheet resistance beneath the contact metal was quite small or the specific contact resistance was quite large. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Antibiotic resistance is a global threat posing risks to public health. China, as the largest consumer and producer of antibiotics, is generating a large amount of pharmaceutical waste sludge from the antibiotic manufacturing industry, which has the potential to be released into the environments by anthropogenic activities. Land application of pharmaceutical waste sludge compost (PWSC) is a popular way of PWSC disposal, with large amount of antibiotics might hence be introduced into the soil environments and result in the development of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). ARGs in PWSC amended soil-plant systems, their transmission routes and potential ecological risks are still unknown. A high-throughput qPCR chip was used to profile ARGs in Chinese cabbage (Shanghaiqing, Brassica chinensis L.) and soils (including phyllosphere, root endosphere, rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil) with PWSC amendment, aiming to study the effect of PWSC application on ARGs soil-plant systems. A total of 249 ARGs and 12 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected in all collected samples. The highest number of detected ARGs was in the soil samples (up to 181) compared to the above and below-ground components of Chinese cabbage. Our results demonstrated the PWSC amendment increased the diversity and normalized abundance of ARGs in the amended soil-Chinese cabbage system. Mantel test and Procrustes analysis revealed the connection between ARG profiles and microbial communities (fungal and bacterial communities). Shared ARGs were identified among the Chinese cabbage phyllosphere, Chinese cabbage root, and rhizosphere soils, demonstrating a potential link between antibiotic resistome in Chinese cabbage and soils, with the amended soil as a key source of ARGs in the phyllosphere of Chinese cabbage. In summary, our findings provided novel evidence for a transmission route shared Zero-radius operational taxonomic units (ZOTUs) and ARGs were passed between the soil-Chinese cabbage system elements (i.e., amended soil, root, and phyllosphere) of ARGs from the PWSC amended soils to common green vegetables, highlighting a potential safety hazard of antibiotic resistome transfer from soils to the human food chain. Image 1 • Cabbage associated with resistome was measured in amended soils. • ARG profiles in amended soil and phyllosphere of cabbage were closely clustered. • The amendment of compost might improve the accessibility of resistome in the soil especially for the Chinese cabbage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]