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The termination of the collision between West and East Gondwana and the Pan-African orogeny is somewhat regarded as an endorsement for the generation and intrusion of alkaline magmatism in the Arabian-Nubian Shield. However, the current ages of the Abu Hamar-Abu Kharif alkaline granites have changed this endorsing connection. The Gebel Abu Hamr and Gebel Abu Kharif plutons, exposed in the northern Egyptian Eastern Desert, are anorogenic rift-related granite (A-type) and possess characteristics indicative of a within-plate tectonic setting. Their U Pb ages (616.6 ± 6.4 and 614.6 ± 3.6 Ma) are remarkable and provide insight into the initial phase of the anorogenic alkaline magmatism within the shield. The zircon U Pb dating, geochemical data, and zircon geochemistry together suggest that the primary magma was formed by the upwelling of a short-lived mantle plume. These alkaline granites subsequently intruded into the crustal mesozone at a thickness of 20–30 km with average temperatures of ~680 °C. The structural framework of the studied plutons reveals a noticeable correlation between their emplacement and the Najd left-lateral fault system. These alkaline granite plutons host wolframite-bearing quartz veins. The in-situ U Pb dating of wolframite yielded a weighted mean age of 603.7 ± 7.4 Ma. The trace and rare earth elements of wolframite, zircon, and the hosting alkaline granites share significant geochemical similarities. Nevertheless, the proximity of the U Pb age of wolframite and the associated granites suggests an epigenetic origin. [Display omitted] • Abu Hamr and Abu Kharif mark the initial phase of anorogenic alkaline magmatism. • U Pb ages of Abu Hamr-Abu Kharif alkaline granites are 616.6 ± 6.4 and 614.6 ± 3.6 Ma. • Alkaline magma generation is related to upwelling of hot and short-lived mantle plume. • Associated wolframite deposits are strongly related to magmatic-hydrothermal system. • Epigenetic wolframite (603 Ma) is younger than granites and of late magmatic origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted to determine the precise mechanisms of Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), TGF- β (Transforming Growth Factor-β), and long non-coding RNA Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (LncRNA MALAT-1) in signaling pathways in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephrotoxicity. The potential therapeutic effect of Resveratrol and Pirfenidone in DOX toxicity was also assessed. Thirty-six male adult rats were evenly distributed into four groups: Group 1: control rats. Group 2: DOX exposed rats' group, each animal received 7.5 mg/kg DOX as a single intravenous dose, Group 3: DOX exposed group subjected to oral resveratrol (20 mg/kg/daily for two weeks), Group 4: DOX exposed group subjected to oral Pirfenidone (200 mg/kg once daily for 10 days). At the planned time, animals were sacrificed. Renal tissue was collected to assess matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), inflammatory and apoptotic markers: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- β, caspase-3, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and oxidative stress markers: nitric oxide (NO), Glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), TGF-β, and LncRNA MALAT-1 were quantitatively assessed by real-time RT-PCR in the whole blood. Results showed that the DOX group exhibited a significant increase in oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory, and apoptotic markers in the renal tissue. Histologically, the renal tubule lining cells exhibited vacuolar alterations in the cytoplasm, glomerular atrophy, and vascular congestion. Furthermore, renal degeneration was evident, as confirmed by the heightened immuno-expression of MMP9. Exposure to DOX resulted in a significant decrease in Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1) with a significant increase in the TGFβ, and LncRNA MALAT-1 gene expression. However, pre-treatment with either resveratrol/or Pirefenidone ameliorated the histological renal alterations, regulated the pathways of Sirt-1, TGFβ, and LncRNA MALAT-1, and decreased all oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers. In conclusion, DOX exposure leads to renal toxicity by inducing renal degeneration, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Administration of either resveratrol or Pirfenidone counteracted these changes and protected the kidney against DOX-induced renal damage. [Display omitted] • Doxorubicin (DOX, also known as Adriamycin) is a potent antitumor antibiotic extensively employed for the treatment of various malignant tumors. DOX has many hazards and side effects involving several organs. • pirfenidone exhibits antioxidant properties as well as anti-transforming growth factor (anti-TGF) and anti-platelet-derived growth factor effects. • mechanisms of Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), TGF-, and LncRNA MALAT-1 signaling pathways in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephrotoxicity. • Sirtuins exist in seven variations, designated as SIRT1–SIRT7, each distinguished by their specific locations. SIRT1, the most well-known variant, exerts its influence on proteins through NAD+ coenzymes, associating it with cellular energy metabolism and the 'red–ox' state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • SFW and CPC anthocyanins are well-dispersed in carbohydrate networks. • Smart color Films change at various pH, resulting in great food quality indicators. • Smart films possess strong UV–vis light protection and vapor barrier properties. • SFW enhanced the thermal, mechanical properties and controlled anthocyanin release. • Visual biomarker films revealed monitoring the freshness of chicken breast at 25 °C. Innovative pH-colorimetric sensor film was fabricated from agar and methylcellulose matrix (AM) with various concentrations of sunflower wax (SFW) (6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% w/w) combined with purple Chinese cabbage (CPC) anthocyanins for tracking chicken breast freshness. A bio-composition film AM/CPC with (hydrophobic) SFW exhibited significant color variations in acidic pH level of (2–6) and a slight shift in alkaline pH levels ranging from (7–12), as well as marked color change due to ammonia vapor. Microstructure analyses revealed that SFW was fixed effectively into the AM-CPC matrices. The incorporation of varying SFW concentrations enhanced the mechanical, thermal, antioxidant activity, reduced anthocyanin release and physical properties (mainly water vapor permeability), with the best performance at AM/CPC/9% SFW. Interestingly, SFW films demonstrated perfect defense opposing UV–vis and visible light. Finally, it was proved that the efficiency of the pH-colorimetric film as an indicator for evaluating the freshness of chicken breast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Intelligent films prepared from agar, sugarcane wax and better pea flower extract. • The colorimetric films had good color stabilities within 16 days at 4 °C and 25 °C. • The different colorimetric films change in various pH and sensitivity to NH3. • Sugarcane wax affects all properties with complete protection against UV–vis light. • Visual biomarker exhibited an ability to monitor food spoilage of shrimp freshness. A novel pH colorimetric film was prepared from various sugarcane wax (SW) concentrations (1, 1.5 and 2% w/v) on agar matrix (Agr) combined with butterfly pea flower (BF) extract for monitoring the shrimp freshness. A combination of BF anthocyanins with SW as lipid (hydrophobic) showed different changes in color under acidic conditions (pH 2–6) with slight changes under alkalinity (pH 7–12), which matched the visual color changes of two different ammonia vapors (50 and 100 mmol/l). FTIR, XRD spectra, and SEM micrographs revealed that SW was effectively fixed into the Agr-BF network during the film-forming process. The different homogenized SW films enhanced the physical and mechanical properties without significant differences in elongation and water vapor permeability. Remarkably, SW films displayed complete protection against UV–vis light (0%) and valuable reduction in visible light. This study presents SW colorimetric films as promising natural derivatives for smart packaging in tracking food freshness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Late Precambrian intrusives in the El Regita area, central Southern Sinai at the northernmost Arabian-Nubian Shield, signify the typical evolutionary Pan-African magmatic stages. Geochemical and mineralogical variation from calc-alkaline (I-type) quartz-monzonite and granodiorite to later mostly A-type monzogranite, syenogranite, and alkali-feldspar granite, indicates high fractionation and extensive magmatic differentiation of the same parent melt, derived from the mantle–crust interaction above the subducted oceanic plate influenced by partial melting processes. The compositional variation is linked to the tectonic evolution from regional compressional deformation to the continental crust's relaxation. The mineralogy of the studied granitoids, which are analogous to similar rocks that crop out in the North-Eastern Desert of Egypt, is consistent with the view that the Sinai region is an eastern extension of the northern Eastern Desert. Results from all geothermometers of the studied granitoids expected decreasing oxygen fugacity in the magma following temperature decrease. Based on the Al-in-hornblende geobarometer, the (I-type) granitoids represents hydrated granites emplaced at lower crustal levels than the monzogranite-syenogranite plutons. The El Regita area is characterized by structurally controlled mesothermal copper mineralization which has epi-genetic origin and is mainly related to the emplacement of granitoids in the late-collisional stage. Abnormal radioactivity levels in the El Regita area are structurally controlled and connected to highly sheared granodiorites. After leaching, uranium was redistributed and finally fixed or adsorbed by Fe-oxyhydroxides to form immobile secondary U-bearing minerals. [Display omitted] • Compositional variation in El Regita area intrusives complied with tectonic evolution • I-type calc-alkaline quartz-monzonite and granodiorite evolved at compression regime • Afterward tension regime developed A-type monzo-, syenogranite and alkali-granite • Structure-related Th–U and epigenetic mesothermal Cu mineralization joined granitoid • Variable emplacement depths resemble relevant plutons in North Arabian-Nubian Shield [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]