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The evidence to date still favors anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction over anterior cruciate ligament repair because ACL repair has a higher failure rate. However, there has recently been a resurgence of interest in primary ACL repair that has the potential to preserve its native tissue and improve its function. This Technical Note describes a double-bundle arthroscopic ACL repair combined with a modified Lemaire procedure. The extra-articular tenodesis improves anterolateral stability to enhance the success of the repair. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of using quadriceps tendon autograft (QT) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction first came into being in the 1990s; it was, however, not widely recognized and has resurfaced only in recent times. Because sufficient technological supports have not been developed to enable an optimal artificial graft, autologous grafts are still the most dependable option. The major reason for choosing QT instead of hamstring or patellar tendon to get autologous grafts is that it seems to cause the fewest donor site problems. Two commonly applied ways of using the quadriceps are partial and full thickness; another option is superficial. Our technique for harvesting the superficial part of the QT, which starts proximal to the fused point of the 3 layers, is aimed at circumventing premature cutting of the graft. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic hydrogen (H 2) generation derived by water has been considered as a renewable energy to solve environmental problems and global energy crises. Thus, it is necessary to explore the most effective photocatalysts by using multi-cocatalysts, due to an intimate interaction between different components. Therefore, we already synthesized the TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 /g-C 3 N 4 (TTC) photocatalyst from g-C 3 N 4 and Ti 3 C 2 MXene via a calcination technique, and applied this composite for H 2 evolution. By making use of titanium atom from Ti 3 C 2 MXene, titanium dioxide (TiO 2) was in-body developed, which leads to form a close heterostructure between metallic material and semiconductors. Besides, g-C 3 N 4 amorphous with highly surface area also contributes to harvest light irradiation during photocatalytic activity. The optimized TTC-450 heterostructure showed a super H 2 generation efficiency than those of pure g-C 3 N 4 and other samples. Besides, TTC-450 sample also exhibited great recyclability after 4 runs. The proposed mechanism illustrates the efficient movement of generated electrons in TTC system, which leads to high H 2 evolution efficiency. Moreover, the obtained results consistently emphasize the TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 /g-C 3 N 4 composite would be a unique material for H 2 production and broaden applications of MXene materials. [Display omitted] • TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 /g-C 3 N 4 ternary composites are prepared via a calcination method. • Ti 3 C 2 MXenes are used as a precursor for in situ transformation of TiO 2 phases. • TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 /g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst exhibits a remarkable H 2 evolution performance. • A proposed mechanism for H 2 evolution toward TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 /g-C 3 N 4 was illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic activity is a feasible solution to tackle environmental pollution caused by industrial pollutants. In this research, Ti 3 C 2 –TiO 2 composite with a unique structure was fabricated successfully via a hydrothermal method. Especially, the in-situ transformation of TiO 2 from Ti 3 C 2 MXene creates an intimate heterostructure, which leads to prolonging separation and migration of charged carriers. Thus, this Ti 3 C 2 –TiO 2 composite enhances effectively methyl orange (MO) degradation efficiency (around 99%) after 40 light-exposed minutes. Besides, the optimal concentration of MO solution was estimated at 40 mg/L and Ti 3 C 2 –TiO 2 photocatalyst also exhibited good stability after five runs. Moreover, the radical trapping test and the MO photodegradation mechanism over Ti 3 C 2 –TiO 2 system were also demonstrated. This research illustrates the potential of MXenes as effective co-catalysts for photocatalysis and extends the applications of two-dimensional materials. [Display omitted] • Ti 3 C 2 –TiO 2 heterostructure is synthesized from Ti 3 C 2 by hydrothermal oxidation. • In-situ transformation of TiO 2 leads to obtain Ti 3 C 2 –TiO 2 heterostructures. • Ti 3 C 2 –TiO 2 photocatalyst exhibits a significant efficiency for MO degradation. • The proposed MO photocatalytic mechanism toward Ti 3 C 2 –TiO 2 composite is illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converging signals from the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways are well established to modulate translation initiation. Less is known regarding the molecular basis of protein synthesis regulated by other inputs, such as agonists of the Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. Ribosomal protein (rp) S6 is a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit that becomes phosphorylated at several serine residues upon mitogen stimulation, but the exact molecular mechanisms regulating its phosphorylation and the function of phosphorylated rpS6 is poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that activation of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) by serum, growth factors, tumor promoting phorbol esters, and oncogenic Ras is required for rpS6 phosphorylation downstream of the Ras/ERK signaling cascade. We demonstrate that while ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) phosphorylates rpS6 at all sites, RSK exclusively phosphorylates rpS6 at Ser235/236 in vitro and in vivo using an mTOR-independent mechanism. Mutation of rpS6 at Ser235/236 reveals that phosphorylation of these sites promotes its recruitment to the 7-methylguanosine cap complex, suggesting that Ras/ERK signaling regulates assembly of the translation preinitiation complex. These data demonstrate that RSK provides an mTOR-independent pathway linking the Ras/ERK signaling cascade to the translational machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]