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In transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs), deploying charging infrastructure for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and hydrogen refueling infrastructure for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) is a key challenge. This paper presents a multi-energy EV station, accommodating both electricity and hydrogen refueling needs. This dual functionality increases system flexibility and simultaneously supports the adoption of BEVs and FCEVs. Unlike existing studies that consider only limited design options in EV station designing, this study modeled and optimized fifteen multi-energy EV station designs, combining renewable and non-renewable resources. These designs were evaluated against sustainability criteria covering technical, economic, environmental, and sociopolitical dimensions. The decision-making model used the AHP to weigh various criteria and employed methods such as GRA, MOORA, EDAS, TOPSIS, and VIKOR for ranking design alternatives. The planning model identified Design 14 as the optimal choice for the targeted site. This optimal design is cost-effective, offering a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 0.046 $/kWh and a levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of 3.907 $/kg. It outperforms the baseline design economically, reducing the LCOE by 1.97 times and LCOH by 1.35 times. Environmentally, it decreases emissions by 514.2 t/year compared to the grid. The station can operate safely with established safety measures. Results are benchmarked against other studies from various sites, and a sensitivity analysis on uncertain parameters elucidated expected variations in the outcomes. The presented EV station planning model can be applied worldwide, considering the meteorological conditions of the specific site. • Optimized 15 multi-energy EV stations for combined charging and H 2 refueling. • An innovative decision model with integrated methods was used for the assessment. • Optimal design achieved 1.74× reduction in net present cost and 9.34× in unmet load. • Optimal design evaded 514.2 t/yr carbon emissions compared with grid. • Optimal design results were compared for Pakistan, India, Turkey, Egypt and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Electric vehicles charging and refueling with various renewable-based designs. • Globally applicable multi-design framework identifies the most sustainable design. • Uses a hybrid multicriteria decision method with a microgrid optimization tool. • Shows real-time case study with comparison of seven 100% renewable-based designs. • Optimal design avoids 2,455 tons of yearly carbon emissions compared with the grid. The rapid development of green charging and refueling stations is vital for the widespread adoption of fuel cell electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles. This paper investigates the challenge of selecting the most optimal autonomous station design among various 100 % renewable-based options, considering techno-economic and socio-political factors. A globally applicable systematic framework is presented, encompassing 14 performance criteria, a microgrid optimization tool, and a hybrid multicriteria decision method. Focusing on the pressing needs of Karachi, Pakistan, the study showcases the application of the framework to evaluate 7 renewable-based autonomous designs. Among these, the photovoltaic and biogas generator-powered station emerges as the most optimal option for Karachi, with a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 0.31 $/kWh, levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of 4.281 $/kg and payback period of 8.3 years. The optimal design avoids 2,455 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO 2)/year compared to the grid and 5,642 tonnes of CO 2 /year compared to diesel generators. When compared with the grid extension, the breakeven distance is found to be 4.6 km. Sensitivity analysis shows a 3.6 % decrease in LCOE and a 13.7 % decrease in LCOH with a 20 % increase in charging and refueling load, highlighting scalability benefits. This study contributes to various united nations' sustainability goals (7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13), striving to provide a clear pathway for selecting optimal station designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two pathways for N -hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)-mediated electrocatalytic oxidation using phenylacetate derivatives as template substrates were first reported for benzylic C H oxidation to oxygenated and non-oxygenated products. DFT calculation indicates that the hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) process between phthalimido- N -oxyl (PINO) and substrate is a rate-determined step. Aromatic α-keto esters and 2-((1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)oxy)-2-aryl acetate obtained by cross-coupling between benzylic radical and PINO can be selectively synthesized through controlling the concentration of PINO radical. This method provides a deep understanding for selective weak C H oxidation using NHPI as redox mediator. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic permeability of three kinds of inclusions (Carbonyl iron, Ferroferric oxide, NiFe-alloy) filled polymer (Polydimethylsiloxane) is investigated at room temperature by using a Buck circuit for the dynamic test and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) for the static test. Unlike the traditional measurement method using an impedance analyzer, the self-built circuit can generate a maximum test current of ampere amplitude over high frequencies to simulate the transformer's operation status. The present work considers the effects of inclusion content (from 0 VOL.% to 33 VOL.%) and testing frequencies(100 kHz-1MHz). The experimental results of permeability are compared with the theoretical predictions in the previous works. Three main conclusions can be drawn: First, the magnetic permeability increases with the inclusion addition; Second, as the testing frequency increases, the permeability of the composite material maintains constant, showing no evident dependence on the testing frequency; Third, type of magnetic inclusion will gently affect the permeability of the composite material. This work systematically investigated the permeability of polymer-based magnetic materials, and the results are helpful for the soft-core transformer application of magnetoactive elastomers. • Permeability of magnetic inclusions filled polymer exhibits neglectable variation to the test frequencies (100 kHz-1MHz). • CIP filled polymer is a potential composite material to be used for soft-core transformer applications. • Skin effect must be taken into consideration in high frequency applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]