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Adsorption desalination and cooling is a promising technology that has recently been investigated. In this study, a silica gel powder composite (SGPC) with nano-copper (NC) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was synthesized by mechanical grinding and melt blending for the first time. It can improve the thermal conductivity of silica gel powder (SGP) and the operation efficiency of the adsorption desalination and cooling system (ADCS). By measuring the curve of temperature variation to compare the four thermal conductivity enhancers (TCE), graphite powder (GP), carbon nanotubes (CNT), nano-alumina (NA) and NC, it was found that NC had the best thermal conductivity enhancement. The microstructure, adsorption and thermal properties of the SGPC samples were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and thermal constant analyzer. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of SGPC with NC content of 0–1.6 wt% was in the range of 0.29–0.33 g −1. The thermal conductivity of SGPC with NC content of 0.8wt%, 1.2 wt%, and 1.6 wt% was found to be improved by 114%, 156% and 185% compared to the parent SGP, and the thermal conductivity was effectively enhanced. Thus, the developed adsorbent has eximious water adsorbability and thermal conductivity and has good adsorption/desorption cycle stability, which is attractive for ADCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the concept of peak carbon emission and carbon neutrality proposed in the 21st century, the shipping industry, which accounts for more carbon emissions, began to seek the transformation of clean ships. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has issued a series of regulations and measures in recent years requiring the completion of the shipping industry decarbonization by 2050. However, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is currently seen as an effective way to reduce CO 2 emissions from the shipping industry in the absence of mature applications for clean fuels. This paper summarized the research progress of ship-based carbon capture technology. The application maturity of different carbon capture technologies in the field of the shipping industry is analyzed and compared. The transport and storage methods of CO 2 are also introduced. Based on the current research status, the challenges of carbon capture technology in the shipping industry and the prospects of future technology development are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The PCM used to control the chip temperature is summarized. • The research methods and results of PCM being encapsulated in chip modules are reviewed. • The standard for selecting chip-level PCM is proposed. • A structure to solve the PCM leakage problem and a theory of selecting PCM on the micro-scale are introduced. With the rapid development of integrated circuits, chips are gradually miniaturized, but the number of transistors inside them increases exponentially, which increases the complexity and power density of the chip. The increase in power density makes the peak temperature of the chip higher, which reduces the chip's performance and shortens its life. Heat management using the latent heat storage(LHS) technique is nowadays employed to reduce the chip's temperature peak. This paper reviews the theoretical basis of phase change materials(PCMs) applied to chip thermal management technology and summarizes the application progress of PCMs in electric chip thermal management through the research of recent related literature. This paper is composed of three parts. The first part introduces different types of PCMs used in the field of chip thermal management, especially composite PCMs. The second part discusses non-embedded cooling solutions, focusing on analyzing the effect of using thermal conductivity enhancers (TCE) to improve the thermal performance of the PCM heat sink. The third part is a pioneering review of the research methods and conclusions of embedded cooling, showing that the application of PCM on the micro-scale has an important effect on suppressing the temperature peak of electronic chips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid increase of the thermal power of electronic devices, phase change material(PCM) have shown great application prospects in the field of electronic thermal management. However, due to the irregular surface of the electronic device, PCM can only act on the back of the component or the outside of the package, which leads to the occurrence of heat transfer hysteresis. In order to reduce the heat transfer distance between the heat source and PCM, a new type of ER/SAT/DSP composite functional material with thermal control function was prepared in this paper to solve the key technical problem of fluid seamless packaging thermal control. The composite material is encapsulated in a fluid state and will no longer melt after solidification. Through thermophysical experiments and morphological characterization, the results show that when the mass fraction of PCM is 35%, the composite material has the best physical properties and application performance. And after 200 thermal cycles, the leakage rate is only 3.7%. Through the PTC thermal control experiment, the results show that the maximum temperature at different positions of the device for pouring the new composite was reduced by 7.4 °C and 8.1 °C, respectively, and the operation time corresponding to different temperatures was increased by 5.76 times, 5.80 times and 6.98 times, respectively. Therefore, the composite material shows a good thermal control ability for electronic components of any surface shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to alleviate the contradiction between the growing energy demand and the limited fossil energy, intensifying research and development of application technologies that utilize renewable energy is necessary. Energy storage technology using PCMs is a frontier research field with great application prospect. As a kind of phase change energy storage materials, organic PCMs (OPCMs) have been widely used in solar energy, building energy conservation and other fields with the advantages of appropriate phase change temperature and large latent heat of phase change. However, low thermal conductivity and liquid leakage problem restrict the further application of OPCMs. Compounding organic materials with other materials can effectively improve this situation. This paper focuses on the compound types of organic PCMs and the principles of various composite technologies. And the development direction of organic composite PCMs in the future and the improvement of composite technology are discussed in the end of the paper. • The types of various organic composite PCMs are reviewed. • The principle of compound ratio between organic phase change materials is reviewed. • The technology and principle of preparing organic shape setting materials by porous materials are reviewed. • The principle of microencapsulation technology in the modification of organic phase change materials is reviewed. • Suggestions for wider application of organic composite PCMs are listed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The research progress of flexible composite phase change materials in BTMS applications is integrated. • The methods of PCM to enhance heat transfer performance and safety performance are summarized. • The flexible mechanism of FCPCM in BTMS is discussed in terms of molecular structure, interactions and mechanistic aspects. • The challenges of FCPCM in inorganic material development, recyclability and protection performance are presented. The trend for electric vehicles to replace traditional fuel vehicles is becoming increasingly apparent with the global tendency towards carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. As the core of electric vehicles, the working safety of lithium-ion batteries is becoming more and more important. This review presents an overview of the battery thermal management system (BTMS) based on flexible composite phase change materials (FCPCM), which discusses the flexibility generation mechanism of FCPCM for BTMS in terms of molecular structure, interactions and mechanistic aspects. Before introducing FCPCM, this review summarizes the approaches of phase change materials (PCM) in enhancing thermal conductivity, anti-leakage performance and safety performance. However, there are still defects such as strong rigidity and poor mechanical strength. The inclusion of flexible matrix could effectively improve the flexibility. Microscopically, flexibility is enhanced by the creation of the flexible structure. At the contact interface, the enhanced flexibility increases the interfacial wettability, thus reducing the contact thermal resistance between the PCM and the cell, and enabling the heat transfer performance to be improved. Due to the different flexible materials added, the microscopic mechanisms vary, including flexible structural support, physical cross-linking of microscopic molecular chains and chemical bonding cross-linking between molecules. Thermal induced flexibility enhances the packaging performance of FCPCM. Furthermore, FCPCM offers considerable improvement in mechanical and shape memory properties due to inter-molecular interactions. This review provides a timely introduction to the emerging advantages of FCPCM over traditional composite PCMs for BTMS applications. Finally, the challenges and difficulties encountered in the application of FCPCM in batteries are pointed out, and an outlook on future research directions is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The research progress of flexible composite phase change materials in BTMS applications is integrated. • The methods of PCM to enhance heat transfer performance and safety performance are summarized. • The flexible mechanism of FCPCM in BTMS is discussed in terms of molecular structure, interactions and mechanistic aspects. • The challenges of FCPCM in inorganic material development, recyclability and protection performance are presented. The trend for electric vehicles to replace traditional fuel vehicles is becoming increasingly apparent with the global tendency towards carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. As the core of electric vehicles, the working safety of lithium-ion batteries is becoming more and more important. This review presents an overview of the battery thermal management system (BTMS) based on flexible composite phase change materials (FCPCM), which discusses the flexibility generation mechanism of FCPCM for BTMS in terms of molecular structure, interactions and mechanistic aspects. Before introducing FCPCM, this review summarizes the approaches of phase change materials (PCM) in enhancing thermal conductivity, anti-leakage performance and safety performance. However, there are still defects such as strong rigidity and poor mechanical strength. The inclusion of flexible matrix could effectively improve the flexibility. Microscopically, flexibility is enhanced by the creation of the flexible structure. At the contact interface, the enhanced flexibility increases the interfacial wettability, thus reducing the contact thermal resistance between the PCM and the cell, and enabling the heat transfer performance to be improved. Due to the different flexible materials added, the microscopic mechanisms vary, including flexible structural support, physical cross-linking of microscopic molecular chains and chemical bonding cross-linking between molecules. Thermal induced flexibility enhances the packaging performance of FCPCM. Furthermore, FCPCM offers considerable improvement in mechanical and shape memory properties due to inter-molecular interactions. This review provides a timely introduction to the emerging advantages of FCPCM over traditional composite PCMs for BTMS applications. Finally, the challenges and difficulties encountered in the application of FCPCM in batteries are pointed out, and an outlook on future research directions is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molten barium hydroxide (BHO) with strong alkalinity will absorb CO 2 in the air and denaturing part of BHO, so it is very important to treat it with liquid seal. In this paper, the effects of liquid seals with different cooling methods and white suspended substances on the phase change process of BHO were compared for phase change experiments, so as to study the influencing factors of powdery expansion of BHO and the crystal crystallization mode. The experimental results show that the probability of powdery expansion of BHO increases with the decrease of cooling rate. Liquid paraffin and high temperature silicone oil can play the role of air insulation, but will make BHO supercooling and powder expansion probability increase, some white powder suspended between molten BHO and liquid sealing material (BaCO 3 attached to tiny bubbles) has a certain promoting effect on nucleating crystallization of BHO, and the supercooling degree of BHO without white powder will increase again, the surface of the BHO crystal shows a tight structure around the loose and porous center, known as a branch cavity structure, which becomes apparent as the cooling rate increases. This experiment provides a reference for the study of phase change materials in the field of phase change energy storage. • The cause and influencing factors of powdered expansion of BHO were discovered. • The effect of liquid seal on the phase transformation process of barium hydroxide octahydrate was discovered. • The crystallization mode and macroscopic crystal structure of barium hydroxide octahydrate were discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]