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In this study, the novelly designed Sr 0.5 Zr 2 (PO 4) 3 –Ce 0.5 Sm 0.5 PO 4 composite ceramics were utilized as nuclear waste form to simultaneously immobilize simulated fission products Sr and actinide nuclides. The phase transition mechanism, thermokinetics and densification behavior of Sr 0.5 Zr 2 (PO 4) 3 –Ce 0.5 Sm 0.5 PO 4 composite ceramics based on in-situ synthesis were systemically analyzed by XRD, in-situ XPS, TG-DSC, SEM and density measurements. The results demonstrate that the formation of Ce 0.5 Sm 0.5 PO 4 solid solution phase preceded that of Sr 0.5 Zr 2 (PO 4) 3 phase, of which there is a valence change of Ce from Ce4+ to Ce3+ before 1023 K. Additionally, as for the exothermic crystallization enthalpy, change of exothermic crystallization enthalpy and activation energy, the values of Sr 0.5 Zr 2 (PO 4) 3 and Ce 0.5 Sm 0.5 PO 4 phases in composite ceramics are 286.17 – 515.61 mJ, 19.11 – 35.38 J/g, 702.45 kJ/mol and 145.21 – 232.44 mJ, 9.26 – 15.44 J/g, 450.04 kJ/mol, respectively. It is then indicated that the formation of Ce 0.5 Sm 0.5 PO 4 phase is definitely more favorable than that of Sr 0.5 Zr 2 (PO 4) 3 phase. Simultaneously, the relative densities of Sr 0.5 Zr 2 (PO 4) 3 –Ce 0.5 Sm 0.5 PO 4 composite ceramics are more than 95 % when the sintering temperature exceeds 1273 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase in train speed and axle weight, the quality and service life of the rail (U71Mn steel) are more demanding. Aiming at the excellent properties of nickel/nickel-based alloys and ceramic materials, this paper prepares TiC/Ni45 composite coatings for rail repair by in-situ synthesis of ceramic phases using laser cladding technology. The effects of in-situ synthesized TiC on the physical phase, microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance were investigated and discussed in detail. The results show that the reaction of in-situ synthesized TiC can proceed positively, and the microstructure of the cladding layer mainly consists of the segregation of Cr, TiC particles, and substrate phase. With the increase of nickel-coated graphite and titanium powder, the average microhardness value of the cladding layer increased, and the average friction coefficient and wear volume decreased. When the mass fraction of (Ti + C) reaches 15 wt%, the average friction coefficient of the cladding layer reaches the minimum value. When the mass fraction reaches 20 wt%, the average microhardness of the cladding layer reaches 2.65 times that of the substrate, and the wear mechanism is transformed from mainly adhesive wear to abrasive, oxidative, and fatigue wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents for the first time one-step ultrafast (precursor-free) synthesis of 1D MnFe 2 O 4 (MFO) nanorods and soft magnetic colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) using microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MAH) methods, with or without citric acid (CA) as a surfactant (in situ synthesis), respectively. The mechanism of growth of spinel MFO nanostructures during the MAH synthesis was studied by varying synthesis duration (3–6 h) and temperature (180–200 °C). An increase in both the duration and temperature improved the purity of the samples, up to 97%. On the other hand, a temperature increase by 20 °C notably shortened the formation time of MFO nanorods, which have an average diameter and length of less than 20 nm and 350 nm, respectively, as observed at 200 °C after 6 h. All the fabricated MFO NPs with spherical and rod-like morphologies manifested high saturation magnetization in the range of 54–64 emu/g. The chelation of lattice metal ions by CA resulted in the formation of a stable colloid comprising 100% pure spinel MFO NPs with a size of ≤32 ± 10 nm (mean ± SD) and featuring very soft magnetic properties. This colloid was generated by the MAH synthesis at 175 °C within 30 min. Notably, an increase in synthesis duration from 30 min to 3 h diminished MFO phase purity from 100% to 52% and saturation magnetization from 43.4 ± 0.7 to 33.9 ± 2.0 emu/g for CA-functionalized MFO NPs owing to CA degradation increasing during the in situ MAH synthesis with longer duration. This study indicates good potential of ultrafast MAH synthesis for the development of 1D magnetic spinel nanostructures with controllable morphology, size, magnetic properties, and colloidal stability, thereby offering a wide range of applications within the fields of adsorption, catalysis, electronics, and biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple in-situ method was proposed to synthesize surface coating of SiC nanowhiskers on cordierite honeycombs by aluminothermic, silicothermic, and carbothermic reduction reactions. The surface coating of SiC nanowhiskers was synthesized by controlling the partial pressure of SiO gas on the surface of honeycombs, based on the pore-forming process using aluminium(Al) agent. Increasing the porosity of the honeycombs provided aisles to volatilize SiO gas, and the growth of SiC nanowhiskers changed from inside the honeycomb wall to on the honeycomb surface. SEM and TEM observations revealed that the relatively high porosity (≥45%) and sintering temperature (1250–1300 °C) were necessary for obtaining surface coating of SiC nanowhiskers, and the nanowhisker-coating having the smooth morphology and a thickness of ∼150 µm was obtained at 1250 °C. Compared with cordierite honeycombs without SiC nanowhiskers, SiC nanowhiskers inside the honeycomb walls could improve the compressive strength and thermal conductivity with increasing rates of 121% and 123%, respectively, and the surface coating of SiC nanowhiskers increased the specific surface area of the honeycombs by 241 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high-performance Pt-based electrocatalysts via the functionalization of carbon carriers is an enormous challenge for their versatile electrocatalytic applications. Herein, carbonaceous (CA) supporter enriched with oxygen-species and anchored by PtNiCo nanoparticles is in-situ synthesized by a "liquid-phase calcination" (LPC) approach. As a result, PtNiCo/CA obtained in polyethylene glycol presents excellent current density in methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) (435 mAmg−1Pt), higher half-wave potential (0.92 V) in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and lower overpotential (377 mV) at the current density of 100 mAcm−1 in oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Furthermore, the prepared electrocatalyst shows excellent durability in MOR, ORR, and OER processes. Characterizations including in-situ infrared spectroscopy indicated that the formed M − O species and oxygen-enriched carbonaceous support is conducive to the protonation and deprotonation behaviors, thus enhancing the activity and stability of Pt active sites. Our synthetic strategy shows a potential approach for preparing high-active and long-durable Pt-based versatile electrocatalysts. • PtNiCo/carbonaceous was fabricated by an in-situ LPC approach. • Carbonaceous supporter was enriched with oxygen-containing species. • PtNiCo alloy nanoparticles were deeply anchored in CA layer. • PtNiCo/CA exhibited excellent performance in MOR, ORR and OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-evolving service conditions of high-end equipment continue to bring new challenges to the surface coating of the key components. Thus, modified nickel-based composite coatings with enhanced service performance must be further explored. The work aimed to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Ni-based coating by in-situ synthesis of TiC–TiB 2 composite ceramic phase using TA0, B 4 C, and nickel (Ni)-coated graphite. First, coatings with different contents of B 4 C (from 3 wt% to 6 wt%) and Ni-coated graphite (from 0 wt% to 8 wt%) were prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, wear properties, and electrochemical properties of the coatings were examined. The increase in the C/Ti ratio after adding Ni-coated graphite led to a decrease in the nucleation rate of the ceramic phase in the molten pool. Ultimately, the size of the ceramic phase gradually increased. The coatings with 3 wt% B 4 C and 8 wt% Ni-coated graphite showed the best wear resistance, with a 26.47 % reduction in wear volume compared with those of Ni-based alloy coatings. The variation in wear properties was due to the change in wear form caused by the increase in the size of the ceramic phase within the coating. The corrosion potential of the coating added with in-situ TiC–TiB 2 increased by 39 % at best, and the corrosion current density was reduced by more than an order of magnitude. This finding was because the ceramic particles distributed throughout the grain boundaries increased the impedance of the coating and blocked the corrosion channels. This study provided theoretical guidance on the preparation of modified Ni-based coatings with excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the increasingly severe electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution requires high-performance EM wave absorbing materials. Multi-principal-element materials are acknowledged as promising for broadening the applications owing to their tunable chemistries and structures in many fields, including as EM wave absorbers. Herein, we prepared a high-entropy MXene, (Mo 0.25 Cr 0.25 Ti 0.25 V 0.25) 3 C 2 T x. Furthermore, multi-principal-element (Mo 0.25 Cr 0.25 Ti 0.25 V 0.25) 3 C 2 T x /FeCoNi and (Mo 0.25 Cr 0.25 Ti 0.25 V 0.25) 3 C 2 T x /FeCoNiCu composites were synthesized via an in-situ hydrothermal process by combining high-entropy MXene with medium-entropy magnetic alloys. In contrast with the relatively narrow effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of (Mo 0.25 Cr 0.25 Ti 0.25 V 0.25) 3 C 2 T x MXene (2.56 GHz), (Mo 0.25 Cr 0.25 Ti 0.25 V 0.25) 3 C 2 T x /FeCoNi composite with 50 wt% MXene can attain an optimum EAB of 4.88 GHz with the matching thickness of only 1.73 mm. As for (Mo 0.25 Cr 0.25 Ti 0.25 V 0.25) 3 C 2 T x /FeCoNiCu composites, both the absorption efficiency and absorption bandwidth are significantly enhanced. The combination of multi-principal-component strategy and composite construction endows the composites with synergistic dielectric and magnetic losses, optimized impedance matching as well as enhanced attenuation ability, thus improving EM wave absorption performances. In addition, radar cross section (RCS) simulation confirms that the prepared composites have broad application prospects as radar stealth materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cr(III) was adsorbed and separated by activated carbon (AC) from aqueous solution in order to recycle and reuse it, then MIL-101(Cr)/AC composite was in-situ synthesized by hydrothermal method based on AC adsorbed Cr(III). The structure and morphology of AC, MIL-101(Cr) and MIL-101(Cr)/AC composite were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and zeta potential. The factors of time, temperature, pH and adsorbent dosage on Cr(VI) adsorption capacity and the reusability of the materials were studied. The results indicated that the specific surface area of AC, MIL-101(Cr) and MIL-101(Cr)/AC was 950.9, 1,687.1 and 655.9 m²·g-1, respectively. The adsorption capacity of MIL-101(Cr)/AC for Cr(VI) was 47.00 mg·g-1, which was higher than that of AC (45.22 mg·g-1) but less than that of MIL-101(Cr) (50.5 mg·g-1). The adsorption of Cr(VI) on MIL-101(Cr)/AC is a spontaneous exothermic process and best fitted with the second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The composite of MIL-101(Cr)/AC, is a green adsorbent and shows good reusability for Cr(VI) removal from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LDH@ZIF-8 composite has been synthesized via in-situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) on Zn/Al hydrotalcite. The morphology and composition of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and N2 adsorption-desorption technics. The adsorption performances of LDH@ZIF-8 sample for phthalic acid were investigated. The results show that the adsorption capacity of LDH@ZIF-8 could be as high as 508.72 mg/g at 20°C, C0 = 100 mg/g. The adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were well described by Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation, respectively. In addition, recycling experiments revealed that the behavior of LDH@ZIF-8 is maintained after recycling for at least three times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high temperature oxidation behavior of plasma sprayed chromium boride-chromium carbide composite coatings had been studied in this work. In-situ and ex-situ CrB 2 -Cr 3 C 2 composite coatings were prepared by plasma spraying Cr-B 4 C and CrB 2 -Cr 3 C 2 composite powders, respectively. The changes of microstructure and phase of two coatings after oxidation at different temperature and time were studied. After oxidation at 850 °C for 10 h, the in-situ Cr-B 4 C coating had a thinner oxide layer (8–10 μm) and a lower weight gain rate (0.023%) than ex-situ CrB 2 -Cr 3 C 2 coating. This is because the density of Cr-B 4 C coating was high, and the oxidized glass phase B 2 O 3 gradually filled the pores of the coating at 850 °C. For oxidation of CrB 2 -Cr 3 C 2 coating at 1000 °C for 10 h, since the evaporation rate was higher than the generation rate of liquid oxide layers, a large penetration cracks damaged the integrity of the coating surface, which would not hinder oxygen into the coating. The Cr-B 4 C coating had better oxidation resistance after oxidation at 1000 °C for 10 h, because more phases with low oxygen permeability were formed in the coating, and the generation rate of the oxide film was higher than the evaporation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MoCoB–Co cermets with different Mn contents were synthesized using an in-situ sintering reaction, and the effect of Mn addition on the microstructure, interfaces, and mechanical properties was investigated. The addition of Mn inhibited the transition of the binder phase from fcc to hcp. Adding an appropriate Mn can increase the density of the material and refine the hard phase grain. With increasing Mn content, the hardness decreased marginally and then gradually increased, and the transverse rupture strength (TRS) and fracture toughness (K IC) gradually decreased. The cermet with 6 wt% Mn addition had the smallest grain size and lower porosity. The hardness of the cermet increased from HRA 89.0 to HRA 91.7. The interface bonding strength of MoCoB/hcp-Co is higher than that of MoCoB/fcc-Co. After isothermal aging treatment, the content of hcp-Co in the binder phase increased markedly; thus, the K IC and TRS increased from 11.3 MPa m1/2 and 1200 MPa–13.3 MPa m1/2 and 1750 MPa, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we reported a simple and cost-effective fabrication method to develop an effective corrugated serpentine OFMR (C-SOFMR) with advanced features, such as expansion/contraction and wavy microstructure. A laminar flow with no back mixing was observed in plain serpentine OFMR (P-SOFMR). While, stretching and folding of fluid along with back mixing was observed in C-SOFMR. Further, the CdS nanowires on g-C 3 N 4 nanosheet (CN/CdS) heterojunction was synthesized in situ both P-SOFMR and C-SOFMR and utilized the device for the photocatalytic green hydrogen generation. The CN/CdS heterojunction endowed with narrow band gap energy (2.01 eV). The longer CdS nanowires (∼110 nm) benefit the electronic interface with CN in the CN/CdS heterojunction and lead to the spatial separation (reduced recombination) of excitons along the CdS axial direction. The charges generated were utilized efficiently for the HER reaction in both P-SOFMR and C-SOFMR at higher flow rates attributing to the rapid micro-mixing and mass transfer. The CN/CdS heterojunction showed the highest photocatalytic activity (6.38 μmol h−1 in C-SOFMR and 6.16 μmol h−1 in P-SOFMR at 1.0 mL min−1) due to its good optronic properties. This study is a path forward for the utilization of advanced optofluidic devices to produce green hydrogen directly from solar energy. [Display omitted] • Fabrication of plain and corrugated serpentine optofluidic microreactors (SOFMRs). • Growth of CdS nanowires on g-C3N4 nanosheet (CN/CdS) heterojunction in situ SOFMRs. • Stretching and folding of fluid along with back mixing in corrugated-SOFMR. • SOFMRs possess enriched transport properties due to rapid mixing. • Excitons were effectively used in SOFMRs for enhanced green hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The impossible triangle was first proposed for the membrane electrode fabrication. • In-situ one-dimensional nano-rod LiMn 2 O 4 was synthesized on the flexible substrate. • Impossible triangle was reconciled with 3D flexible and binder-free carbon cloth. • 3 times higher conductivity was achieved with the continuous conductivity network. • 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher internal Li+ diffusion coefficient was achieved. The electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) with LiMn 2 O 4 , which can selectively extract lithium from salt-lake brines, has attracted intensive attention in recent years owing to the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry. However, the balancing of the membrane electrode's impossible triangle, i.e., high load capacity, high porosity, and high conductivity, is something that has long puzzled scientists. In this study, one-step in-situ hydrothermal synthesis was utilized to prepare LiMn 2 O 4 one-dimensional nano-rod (ODNR, 10 ∼ 40 nm and a length-diameter ratio of 18–220) on the flexible carbon cloth substrate (LiMn 2 O 4 @CC), thus reconciling the impossible triangle. The exchange capacity (37.73 mg/g), dissolution ratio (<0.05 %), kinetics (88 % capacity with 1.5 h), and specific energy consumption (5.04 Wh/mol·Li) of ODNR LiMn 2 O 4 @CC flexible electrode are significantly superior to the LiMn 2 O 4 on rigid titanium electrode (LiMn 2 O 4 @RTE) ascribing to the 3 times higher conductivity, 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher internal Li+ diffusion coefficient, and the intrinsic 3D porous nature of the flexible electrode. Electrochemical analyses verified the redox of ODNR LiMn 2 O 4 / λ -MnO 2 is a one-electron transfer electrochemical reversible process with a fast electron transfer process, which may be induced by the in-situ growth ODNR and the 3D porous structure of the flexible substrate. The separation coefficients for Li+/Mg2+ and Li+/Na+ were 804.6 and 513.2, respectively. And the capacity retention ratio is > 92 % even after 50 cycles. This work sheds light on the reconciling of the impossible triangle for membrane electrode fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of the important goals in the development of the electro-Fenton (EF) process are to increase the performance of the electrodes while reducing their size as an alternative for expensive electrodes, expanding the active pH range, and also generating reactive oxygen species (ROSs) directly without using other homo/heterogeneous catalysts. This work modified graphite felt (GF) using a rapid and in-situ synthesis with Co/Zn doped mixed-metal ZIF. After calcination, various physicochemical analyses, including XRD, SEM, and XPS, confirmed that a carbonic material doped with mixed-oxide CoO/Co 2 O 3 is embedded on the surface of GF fibers. LSV analysis showed that the modification significantly improved the electrode activity for O 2 reduction. The modified CoZnCal-GF electrode showed good performance and higher kinetics in the EF process. It removed 87% of rifampin (RIF) in a short period of 30 min without any homo/heterogeneous catalysts. The selected conditions for this process were 1.0 V, 40 mg/L, and 5.6 for applied voltage, initial RIF concentration, and pH, respectively. The non-radical species 1O 2 showed the most important role in removing RIF. LC-MS analysis was performed, and while confirming the complete removal of RIF, it was used to investigate the degradation pathway and identify the produced intermediates. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing high-precision manufacturing industry is increasing the demand for cemented carbide which has fine grain size and excellent machinability. In this research, ultrafine cemented carbide was successfully prepared by the method of in-situ synthesis using spark plasma sintering as densification method, V, Cr, WC and carbon black as raw materials. The formation mechanism of in-situ preparation of grain growth inhibitors (GGIs) and its influence on the properties of alloys were investigated. An excellent mechanical property (H V 2254 kgf/mm2, K IC 9.20 MPa·m1/2) and uniform microstructure of the alloys (0.8 wt% V 8 C 7 –0.8 wt% Cr 3 C 2) prepared under 1350 °C, 6 min, 25 MPa were demonstrated by the results. The WC grain growth was significantly inhibited (about 200 nm). The in-situ synthesized GGIs significantly inhibited grain coarsening by interfering with the dissolution-precipitation process of WC during liquid-phase sintering. The combination of SPS and in-situ synthesized GGIs offers a novel approach to exploration of the preparation of high-performance ultrafine or nanocrystalline cemented carbides. • Ultrafine cemented carbides were prepared by in-situ synthesis of GGIs. • The in-situ synthesized GGIs exhibit significant inhibition of WC grains. • The in-situ synthesized specimen shows a smaller grain size (about 200 nm). • The in-situ synthesized sample has better mechanical properties (HV 2254 kgf/mm2, K IC 9.2 MPa·m1/2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurethane (PU) is currently one of the most widely used polymers, which has the advantages of high strength, high-temperature resistance, and excellent low-temperature flexibility, etc. To address the issues of high-temperature deformation and low-temperature cracking in traditional polymer-modified asphalt. This study prepared four types of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene polyurethane (HTPB-PU) modified asphalts through in-situ polymerization, providing a new type of polyurethane-modified asphalt binder. The microstructure and molecular structure of the polyurethane-modified asphalt (PUMA) binder were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, the rheological properties and adhesion characteristics of the PUMA were investigated. The results indicate that when the HTPB polyurethane content reaches 7 %, the modified asphalt transitions to a two-phase continuous structure, with the polymer phase beginning to influence the rheological properties of the asphalt. As the HTPB-PU content increases, the high-temperature deformation resistance and low-temperature cracking resistance of the modified asphalt improve. Notably, when the PU content exceeds 5 %, resulting in superior low-temperature performance compared to SBS-modified asphalt with 4.5 % SBS content. Moreover, with the increase in HTPB-PU content, the fatigue resistance and pull-off strength between the PUMA and aggregates also improve. This study has successfully prepared PUMA with excellent comprehensive performance, providing a reference for further research and application of PUMA. • HTPB- PUMA exhibits excellent storage stability. • The content of HTPB-PU reaches 7 %, the modified asphalt transitions to a two-phase continuous structure. • HTPB-PU can improve the high-temperature and low-temperature performance of asphalt. • The effect of HTPB-PU content on the mechanical properties of asphalt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-Al 2 O 3 composite is widely used in high-temperature industry due to its excellent properties obtained through in-situ synthesis of non-oxide reinforcing phases. The effect of nitrogen source on the non-oxide reinforcing phases synthesized in-situ in the Al-Al 2 O 3 composites at 1500 °C was investigated. The results show that when N 2 -gas is the sole nitrogen source, Al 4 O 4 C is the major reinforcing phase formed in the composite due to insufficient nitrogen amount provided. Through the construction of an Al@AlN core-shell structure and spontaneous nitrogen introduction by solid Si 3 N 4 and N 2 -gas, higher amount of AlN mesophase is generated, and the complete transformation of Al to (Al 2 OC) 1- x (AlN) x solid solution is successfully achieved. However, when Si 3 N 4 content is excessive (i.e. Si/C mole ratio ≥ 1, where Si comes from solid nitrogen source Si 3 N 4 , C comes from phenolic resin binder), the stability of (Al 2 OC) 1- x (AlN) x solid solution decreases, and more stable AlN-SiC solid solutions and SiAl 4 O 2 N 4 are generated as reinforcing phases in the composite. This work provides meaningful information for the phase control of Al-Al 2 O 3 composite at high temperature application. • Using N2-gas alone as nitrogen source can't achieve uniform and complete nitridation of Al in the composite. • Complete transformation of Al to Al2OC-AlN solid solution is achieved using Si3N4 solid N source. • A model was proposed to achieve better non-oxide reinforcing phase control through nitrogen source control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their excellent theoretical capacity, the metal oxide/carbon composites derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show significant potentials as excellent anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the metal oxides in the MOF-derivatives are usually in the form of crystals, resulting in the poor electrochemical performance. In this study, the pore-rich Co/MnO@C composite with low crystallinity (Co/MnO-LC@C) was in-situ synthesized via the pyrolysis of MnCo-MOF-74 precursor and proposed as advanced anode for LIBs. The active materials with low crystallinity uniformly distributed within the carbon skeleton exhibit an excellent discharge capacity with a superior cycling stability. The reversible capacity of the proposed Co/MnO-LC@C composite can be as high as 710 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 over 900 cycles. In addition, the composite can retain a remarkable specific capacity of 200 mA h g−1 with zero capacity decay over 3500 cycles at 10 A g−1. The notably improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the rich pore structure, carbon skeleton structure, high specific surface area along with active materials with low crystallinity, leading to the alleviated volume expansion and facilitated lithium-ion transport characteristics. This work is expected to provide an innovative aspect for developing advanced anodes for LIBs. [Display omitted] • The Co/MnO@C with low crystallinity (Co/MnO-LC@C) was in-situ synthesized. • The low crystallinity can provide higher specific capacities. • The Co/MnO-LC@C has a stable cycling performance at the high current density. • The Co/MnO-LC@C maintains high performance in the full batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown on the surface of Al-50Si powder via in-situ chemical vapor deposition. • A SiC reinforced Al-50Si composite with low thermal expansion and high thermal conductivity is achieved by hot extrusion and subsequent heat treatment. • Microstructural evolution during the in-situ SiC formation is thoroughly studied. • The influences of in-situ SiC formation on the thermal and mechanical properties of Al-50Si alloy are revealed. Incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into Al-Si alloy to prepare in-situ SiC/Al-Si composites enhances thermal conductivity (TC) and reduces the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). However, challenges include CNTs aggregation and uneven SiC distribution. This study uses fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) to achieve uniform CNTs coverage on Al-50Si powder. Subsequent powder hot extrusion and heat treatment above the eutectic temperature enable a gradual reaction between CNTs and Al/Si atoms, resulting in uniformly dispersed SiC within the SiC/Al-50Si composite. The formation mechanism of in-situ SiC particles and their impact on the microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of the composite are further investigated. The formation process involves a two-step chemical reaction: lamellar Al 4 C 3 phases transform into lamellar eutectic SiC + Al phases, which then transition into polyhedral SiC particles through epitaxial growth. This in-situ formation of SiC particles also impedes Si growth during heat treatment, refining Si particles and enhancing the composite's properties. The resulting in-situ SiC/Al-50Si composite exhibits excellent thermal and mechanical properties, including a high TC of ∼162 Wm-1K−1, a low CTE of ∼ 8.7 × 10-6/K, and a good bending strength of approximately 253 MPa at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further improve the hydrogenation performance of the existing hydrotreating (HDT) catalysts and explore the structure-activity relationship of the catalysts, a series of Ni modified Y zeolites were successfully synthesized by in-situ synthesis method, and the corresponding NiMo catalysts supported on Ni modified Y zeolites and γ-Al 2 O 3 were prepared for diesel fuel hydrotreating. The effect of Ni modification on the properties of the synthesized xNiY zeolites and the corresponding NiMo/AxNiY catalysts were determined by the characterization techniques such as XRD, ICP-AES, N 2 physical adsorption-desorption, SEM, UV-Vis DRS, Py-FTIR, HRTEM and XPS. The results show the in-situ modification method can achieve a favorable composite effect of Ni species and the Y zeolites and Ni modification can affect the physical-chemical properties of the synthesized Y zeolites and the NiMo/AxNiY catalysts in varying degrees. Although Ni modification led to a slight decrease in the specific surface areas and pore volumes of the Y zeolites, it can promote the particle uniformity and improve the number of acid sites of the Y zeolites, which are beneficial to the adsorption of sulfide molecules. Moreover, the incorporation of Ni into Y zeolites can also effectively improve the number of acid sites of the prepared NiMo/AxNiY catalysts and improve the stacking number of MoS 2 slabs, and enhance the Mo species dispersion, which promote the adsorption and hydrogenation performances of the reactants on the catalysts. Hence, the catalysts containing Ni modified Y zeolites exhibited higher hydrotreating activity compared with the catalyst containing unmodified Y zeolites. Among the four investigated catalysts, the NiMo/A3NiY was found to be the most favorable for the purpose of preparing highly active hydrotreating catalysts for diesel fuels. The incorporation of Ni into Y zeolite improves the utilization rate of active metals on the NiMo/AxNiY catalysts. [Display omitted] • Ni incorporated into Y zeolite was successfully synthesized by in-situ synthesis method. • Ni modification promotes the particle uniformity and improves the number of acid sites of the Y zeolite. • The incorporation of Ni into Y zeolite improves the stacking number of MoS 2 slabs and enhances the Mo species dispersion. • NiMo/A3NiY catalyst showed the best hydrogenation activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (Al 3 Ti + Al 2 O 3)/Al–Si composites with three-dimensional co-continuous network structures are fabricated by a pore-forming agent and the pressure infiltration technique. The effect of the Al 3 Ti content on the mechanical and wear properties of the developed composites is investigated. The Al 2 O 3 (alumina) formation, fracture, and wear mechanisms of the composites are also analyzed. The results demonstrate that the granular Al 2 O 3 particles scatter around Al 3 Ti phases which are synthesized in-situ during the sintering process. The 20 vol.% (Al 3 Ti + Al 2 O 3)/Al–Si composites possess the optimal mechanical properties, i.e., compressive and flexural strength of 585 MPa and 489 MPa, respectively, which are 64.8% and 46.0% higher than those of the matrix. The specific wear rate of the composites (16.5 × 10−14 m3/Nm) is 79% lower than that of the matrix. By further increasing the Al 3 Ti content, the network structure is completed, the wear resistance properties are improved, while the mechanical properties are decreased. The enhanced mechanical properties can primarily be attributed to the three-dimensional co-continuous network structure of the Al 3 Ti and Al 2 O 3 phases, as well as the pinning effect of Al 2 O 3 particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a novel in-situ symbiosis method to prepare reduced graphene oxide wrapped Mn 3 O 4 nanoparticles (rGO/Mn 3 O 4) with uniform size about 50 nm as anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which can simplify the preparation process and effectively reduce pollution. The rGO/Mn 3 O 4 nanocomposite exhibited a reversible specific capacity of 795.5 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 200 cycles (capacity retention: 87.4%), which benefits from the unique structural advantages and the synergistic effect of rGO and Mn 3 O 4. The Mn 3 O 4 nanoparticles encapsulated among the rGO nanosheets exhibited good electrochemical activity, and the multilayer wrinkled rGO sheets provided a stable 3D conduction channel for Li+/e− transport. The rGO/Mn 3 O 4 nanocomposite is a promising anode candidate for advanced LIBs with excellent cycling performance and rate performance. Furthermore, this new preparation method can be extended to green and economical synthesis of advanced graphene/manganese-based nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effort to use magnesium-based materials is gradually increasing in various structural applications of automobile and aerospace industries because of their lower specific weight. This paper reviews the recent development in magnesium-based metal matrix composites and analyzes their mechanical properties. The process involving the synthesis of reinforcement during the composite development (in-situ process) shows improved properties because of a clean reinforcement-matrix interface, thermally stable reinforcement, and better wettability. The wear resistance of the material improves by the minute addition of ceramic reinforcement into the magnesium alloy matrix. The solid-state joining process is suitable for joining magnesium matrix composites. It overcomes the defects like reinforcement segregation, irregular reinforcement distribution, porosity, and oxide formation that occurred during the conventional welding process. Machining of composites possesses certain difficulties like increased surface roughness and tool wear due to the presence of discontinuous ceramic particles. An effort to enhance the machinability of the materials has been illustrated based on contemporary literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to its high capacity, silicon (Si) is a promising anode for meeting the escalating need for batteries with high energy density. Nonetheless, the substantial volumetric variation generated by lithiation/delithiation often results in the pulverization of Si, which substantially lowers its cycle stability. Graphene/graphene nanosheets (GNSs) with higher electrical conductivity and mechanical strength are anticipated to overcome these obstacles when employed as the coating matrix of silicon. Unfortunately, the majority of Si@graphene composites are not manufactured in situ , so that graphene is hardly to entirely encapsulate Si.The low-quality coating leads to the exposure of Si after cycles, resulting in a short cycle life. Herein, graphene nanosheets encapsulated silicon nanospheres (Si@GNSs) are synthesized in situ using a radio-frequency (RF) thermal plasma system, in which graphene and Si have strong interfacial chemical interactions. Further, free-standing Si@GNSs/reduced graphene oxide (Si@GNSs/rGO) paper was prepared using graphene oxide (GO) as a special 'binder'. When Si@GNSs/rGO paper is directly used as anode electrodes, it demonstrates a high reversible capacity (2270 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), outstanding rate performance (1569 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1) and ultra-stable cycle performance (capacity retention of 98.55% for 2000 cycles at 3.0 A g−1). [Display omitted] • Si@GNSs composites were prepared in situ by the RF thermal plasma system. • The flexible Si@GNSs/rGO paper is prepared with GO as a special 'binder'. • Si@GNSs/rGO paper exhibits high capacity of 2250 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. • Si@GNSs/rGO paper show excellent rate performance of 1569 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1. • After 2000 cycles, the capacity of Si@GNSs/rGO paper remains 98.55%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we all know, the poor toughness is an important factor that leads thermal barrier coatings to prematurely fail, which has been recognized as one of the urgent problems that need to be addressed. Herein, the nanostructured t-ZrO 2 /La 2 (Zr 0.75 Ce 0.25) 2 O 7 (LCZ) composite TBCs were constructed in-situ from plasma spraying. The microstructure and phase composition of nanostructured LCZ feedstocks and as-sprayed coatings were analysed. Moreover, the mechanism of in-situ synthesized nanostructured t-ZrO 2 /LCZ coatings was discussed in detail. Results show that as-sprayed coatings have the characteristics of bi-modal and dual-phase structures. The unmelted nanostructured LCZ feedstocks and in-situ synthesized ZrO 2 nanoparticles are included in the nanostructured zone. The phase structure of coatings consists of fluorite LCZ and tetragonal ZrO 2 (t-ZrO 2). The presence of ZrO 2 nanoparticles is derived from the decomposition of LCZ feedstocks during plasma spraying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on practical application requirements, the Cu alloy matrix with precipitates, particularly obstructing dislocation gliding, offers a promising pathway to substantially increase the strength of composites. Unfortunately, the fabrication of nano-precipitates often brings about extensive interface, which typically limits the electronic transmission capability and deteriorates the electrical conductivity. Herein, in-situ synthesized graphene nanoplatelets combined ball milling is deliberately selected to enable robust interfacial bonding and construct analogy-bicontinuous structures through hindering the diffusion of Ag in the Cu–Ag alloy matrix by the graphene nanoplatelets. The Cu alloy matrix composite after heat treatment exhibits a yield strength of ∼445 MPa and a fracture elongation of ∼13.5%, which is mainly ascribed to the introduction of the graphene nanoplatelets and the Ag nano-precipitates, and the adjustment of the analogy-bicontinuous structures. Meanwhile, the toughening mechanism of the Cu alloy matrix composite is rationalized on basis of delocalization and crack deflection affected by the graphene nanoplatelets and analogy-bicontinuous structures. Furthermore, the construction of continuous conductive path in the analogy-bicontinuous structures, refraining from the adverse effects caused by interface scattering, is of great benefit to the electrical conductivity, which is elevated to a high level of 92.2 IACS%. The present discoveries shed new insights into the innovative design of the Cu alloy matrix composites for advanced engineering applications by regulating the heterostructure. [Display omitted] • Analogy-bicontinuous structure was in situ synthesized with ball milling. • GNPs regulated the distribution of Ag nano-precipitates and electrical conductivity. • Synergy of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, TiO 2 /CCTO composite ceramics with pomegranate-like grains were successfully prepared using a novel route. In addition, their microstructures, giant dielectric mechanisms, and nonlinear electrical behaviors were studied in detail. Analyses of the experimental results showed that the grains with a pomegranate-like microstructure had nano/micro-scale grain boundaries, which significantly increased the interfacial polarization at the grain and subgrain boundaries. Simultaneously, impedance analysis corroborated the existence of a low resistance region in the grain interiors. This resulted from the establishment of donor defects (T i C u..) through replacement of the Cu2+ positions with Ti4+ ions and the production of numerous weakly trapped electrons. The colossal permittivity (ε r = 4.57 × 105 at 20 Hz, ε r = 9.86 × 104 at 1 kHz) of TiO 2 /CCTO composite ceramics closely correlates to the charge accumulation on the hierarchical grain boundary barrier layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient and promising one-step manufacturing processes was successfully developed to fabricate SiC–TiB 2 porous ceramics. TiO 2 , B 4 C and sucrose were used as raw materials for in-situ generation of TiB 2 phase, which promoted skeleton grain bonding and achieved highly interconnected pores simultaneously. The effect of different TiB 2 volume fractions on porous structures, pore parameters, and mechanical properties was studied. SiC–TiB 2 porous ceramics were obtained with porosities ranging from 36.2% to 41.9%, pore sizes ranging from 2 μm to 10 μm, and high compressive strength up to 169.5 MPa. Apart from the total porosity, TiB 2 content, as well as pore/skeleton characteristics, were demonstrated as important factors affecting the mechanical properties. Hence, based on the strength-porosity relationship, an extended equation was proposed for modelling and optimizing the mechanical properties of biphasic porous ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MoO 2 anode displays excellent potential in the alkali ion batteries owing to its large capacity, high conductivity and stability. However, exploiting the stable and high performance MoO 2 anode endowed with triple roles for the storage of lithium/sodium/potassium ions is still a challenge. Herein, a two-dimensional sheet-like MoO 2 /NPC@rGO composites were in-situ synthesized and utilized as anode materials for alkali metal ion batteries. Applied as an anode in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), superior cycling capability and rate performance were obtained, which kept a large reversible capacity of 1233.1 mAh/g in the 200th cycle at 100 mA/g. Impressively, it displayed superior long cycling performance over 1000 cycles with a 249.5 mAh/g capacity at a high current density of 10 A/g. Simultaneously, MoO 2 /NPC@rGO displayed enhanced electrochemical performance both in sodium and potassium ion batteries (NIBs/KIBs). Furthermore, the ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results verified the reversible reaction during Li+ insertion-extraction process. The improved energy storage properties were attributed to the typical two dimensional structure and synergistic effects between various constituents, which suppressed the volume change, created more active sites, increased the conductivity and facilitated reaction kinetics. More significantly, our design provides a simple and green route to synthesize transition metal oxide anode and promote their applications in energy storage devices. [Display omitted] • The in-situ method with the assistance of polyoxometalates provides a green route to synthesis transition metal-based anode. • The sheet-like structure ensures the uniform dispersion of MoO 2 nanoparticles, providing superior structure stability. • The ex-situ XPS results verifies the reversible reaction and conversion mechanisms during lithiation/delithiation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel in-situ synthesis method, which introduced 8YSZ-Al-SiC reaction system to atmospheric plasma spraying process, was put forward to prepare ZrC composite coating. Phase transformation between 8YSZ and 15YSZ caused by in-situ reactions was observed. Efforts were focused on TEM investigation in order to explore in-situ generated microstructure containing nanosized ZrC, ZrSi 2 and 15YSZ grains in the composite coating. Moreover, the relationship between the mechanical properties and microstructure of the ZrC composite coating was preliminarily established based on the micron-indentation test. Results confirmed the feasibility of preparing ZrC composite coating by plasma spraying 8YSZ-Al-SiC composite powder and further proved the positive effect of in-situ generated microstructure of the ZrC composite coating on its mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In situ synthesis of (Ba0.5Sr0.5) (Li1/4Nb3/4) xTi1-xO3 ceramics and introducing B-site defects. • The sample maintains high tunability at low dielectric permittivity. • Composite ceramics with good comprehensive performance have been obtained. This study introduces Li+ and Nb5+ ions into Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 (BST) ceramics to create B-site defects, resulting in the in-situ synthesis of (Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5)(Li 1/4 Nb 3/4) x Ti 1- x O 3 ceramics. This approach can reduce the dielectric permittivity while maintaining high tunability. XRD and Rietveld refinement confirm the crystal structure of (Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5)(Li 1/4 Nb 3/4) x Ti 1- x O 3 , and SEM-EDS analysis reveals a dense microstructure with well-distributed grains. Raman spectroscopy reflects trends in structural order and phonon damping within the composite ceramic. With increasing the content of heterovalent ion, the dielectric permittivity of (Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5)(Li 1/4 Nb 3/4) x Ti 1- x O 3 gradually disperses, leading to enhanced thermal stability. The ceramic sintered at 1050 °C exhibits optimal surface morphology and microwave dielectric properties, including ε r = 188, T = 15.3% at 30 kV/cm, and Q = 562 at 1.869 GHz. This study offers promising insights for optimizing the microwave dielectric properties of BST ceramics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The multi-functionalization of DWZA was conferred by composite modification. • ZnO-Ag NPs provided excellent UV resistance for dyed wood. • The prepared DWZA offered new ideas for the high-value utilization of poplar. Fast-growing wood has been widely used in manufacturing decorative material for wood-based panels. However, the deterioration of the decorative quality of the decorative material is still a hard nut to crack. The single decorative function of this material also makes it challenging to meet the requirements of the current consumer market. In this study, a novel method for the preparation of decorative poplar veneer that integrated multiple functions was proposed. It was accomplished via reactive dyeing of poplar veneer followed by in-situ synthesis of ZnO-Ag nanoparticles (NPs) at room temperature. The critical functional parameters and preparation mechanism of the functional decorative material were systematically analyzed. Results demonstrated that ZnO and Ag NPs were synchronously formed through the in-situ redox of metal ions and subsequent self-assembly in an alkaline medium. The ZnO-Ag NPs were uniformly distributed on the surface of dyed wood. The color change of the prepared decorative material was reduced by at least 40 % due to the physical obstruction of the ZnO-Ag NPs layer. More importantly, the antibacterial, hydrophobic, and flame retardant properties of the prepared material were also synchronously improved. This study provided a new approach to improving the quality of wood-based decorative materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inconel 718 coating has been applied in various applications such as aviation impellers and gas turbines due to its excellent tensile properties, high impact toughness, corrosion resistance, and creep resistance. However, its low hardness and poor wear resistance restrict its broader applications. In this study, laser directed energy deposition (DED) is utilized to in-situ synthesize TiB 2 , TiC, and (Ti, Nb)C ceramic phases, which improves the mechanical properties of the Inconel 718 coating. The effect of five coatings with different Ti and B 4 C contents on phase, microstructure, microhardness, scratch, and wear resistance was studied. Gibbs free energy (G), SEM, EDS, and EBSD were used to analyze experimental phenomena. The results showed that TiB 2 , TiC, and (Ti, Nb)C ceramic phases were in-situ synthesized. The (Ti, Nb)C phase with a loop shape was around TiC phase and TiB 2 phase, which were found on the Laves phase and at grain boundaries. The formation and positional relationship of the Nb atom and Ti atom in MC (refer to TiC and (Ti, Nb)C) crystal structure have been investigated. The distribution of Ti atom and Nb atom within the MC crystal structure, as well as their effect on G, have also been analyzed. The mechanical properties of Inconel 718 coating have been significantly improved as a result of fine-grain strengthening, solid solution strengthening, and second-phase strengthening. The addition of B 4 C + Ti content can considerably enhance the microhardness of Inconel 718 coatings by 62.96 %, and the fitting function of powder content and microhardness has been obtained. The deformation resistance is increased, and the toughness is reduced. The deformation of the scratch has been translated from plastic deformation to shear deformation. In addition, the wear mechanism of the coating changed from adhesive wear to abrasive wear, and the minimum wear rate is 1.70 × 10−4 mm3/Nm. This study. proposes a novel approach for improving the mechanical properties of Inconel 718 coating, as well as provides guidelines for coating preparation. • The addition of Ti + B 4 C powder can increase the porosity of coatings. whose relationship was fitted. • The ceramic phases refine grain by increasing the nucleation rate and inhibiting the growth of other grains. • The scratch deformation translates from plastic deformation to shear deformation with the B 4 C + Ti powder content increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile urea-assisted hydrothermal method was developed for synthesizing Co(Ca)-silicate nanosheets@13X (CoCa-13X) as catalyst materials for peroxymonosulfate activation. Urea gradually dissolves 13X to form the silicate anion, and anchors Co2+ ions to the surface of 13X, while introducing Ca2+ ions to form in situ Co/Ca-silicates. The degradation efficiency and reusability of the compound catalyst for metronidazole (MNZ) were investigated. The results demonstrated that at an initial concentration of 25 mg/L, the CoCa-13X-PMS system exhibited excellent catalytic degradation performance towards MNZ, and the degradation rate reached 99.52 % within 5 min. Furthermore, the CoCa-13X-PMS system maintained high catalytic activity against various organic pollutants and even at high concentrations of pollutants (up to 30 mg/L). Free radical quenching experiments revealed simultaneous participation of SO 4 • – and 1O 2 in the oxidation process simultaneously. Additionally, the degradation mechanism and pathway of MNZ were studied and proposed, along with evaluation of biotoxicity associated with its degradation intermediates. This method offers a novel strategy for synthesizing silica zeolite-based cobalt catalysts with exceptional PMS activity for removal of organic pollutants. [Display omitted] • Co/Ca-silicate nanosheets were synthesized in-situ on 13X zeolite. • Co/Ca-13X exhibited remarkably performance and ultra-low cobalt leaching. • 1O 2 , SO 4 •- and •OH played crucial roles in the degradation process. • The degradation pathway and the biotoxicity of intermediates were elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In-situ CaCO 3 synthesis in hydrogel for creating interference-colored photonic film. • The photonic film is transparent, tough, and has adjustable optical anisotropy. • The particle size and distribution are crucial for transmitted interference colors. • The birefringent photonic film can be used for information encryption and decryption. Chameleons can rapidly modify their coloration by manipulating the arrangement of iridophores encompassing guanine crystals in their dermis, which enables incident light to undergo birefringence. Various biomaterials have been designed to mimic the arrangement of guanine crystals, yet instances of synthesizing bottom-up structures with anisotropy for optical functionality remain rare. In this study, we report a novel two-step gas diffusion method for in-situ synthesis of CaCO 3 (Vaterite) within a hydrogel to fabricate a bio-photonic film displaying birefringence interference colors. This strategy enables the successful fabrication of an inorganic–organic photonic film with superior mechanical properties and flexibility, resulting in high transparency, superior toughness, and adjustable optical anisotropy. Through a combination of experiment and simulation results, we elucidated the critical role played by shape factor (distribution) and structural factor (particle size) in producing transmitted interference colors. Finally, the birefringent photonic films prepared using the dot-plate method can function as optical patterns accurately representing the "on"/"off" state within a binary system. This system offers high spatial resolution, excellent repeatability, and precise controllability of optical properties, making it applicable in fields such as information encryption and decrytion. Our study has successfully synthesized photonic material with anisotropic structure though in-situ method while elucidating the underlying mechanism governing their ability to generate transmission interference colors, thus opening up new avenues for transparent flexible polarized optics, imperceptible wearable devices, and advanced information encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simultaneous synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and graphene by laser ablation was demonstrated. The in-situ synthesis was performed by laser ablation of a polymer substrate covered with a gold precursor dispersion. The gold precursor was prepared in a copolymer solution of pyrrole (Py) and chitosan (Chi) to improve the nucleation of gold embedded on the laser-induced graphene electrode (LIGE). The morphology of AuNPs-pPy-Chi/LIGE was studied by scanning electron microscopy and characterized electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry. A comprehensive investigation of the electrochemical and physical features of the AuNPs-pPy-Chi/LIGE was carried out. The parameters of differential pulse voltammetry were adjusted to enhance the response to ascorbic acid (AA). The AuNPs-pPy-Chi/LIGE produced two linear ranges: from 0.25 to 5.00 and 5.00–25.00 mmol L−1. The limit of detection was 0.22 mmol L−1. Hundreds of electrodes were tested to demonstrate the excellent reproducibility of the AuNPs-pPy-Chi/LIGE fabrication. Overall, the proposed electrode allows the successful detection of AA in orange juice products with acceptable accuracy (recoveries = 97 ± 2 to 109.1 ± 0.7). The preparation strategy of the proposed AuNPs-pPy-Chi/LIGE could be adapted to detect other compounds or biomarkers. [Display omitted] • Three electrode materials were incorporated using a single CO 2 laser. • AuNPs were morphologically tuned by optimizing laser power and speed. • Ascorbic acid in juice samples was determined with the laser-fabricated electrode. • The proposed platform could be developed for use in various biochemical sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and processing of most polymer adhesives rely on energy-inefficient and environmentally burdensome manufacturing approaches. In this paper, a novel synthesis strategy, UV-initiated frontal polymerization (FP) for the fast synthesis of high-strength, self-propagating epoxy adhesives at room temperature, was presented, in which the self-propagating rate reached 71.4 mm min−1. CuCl 2 was used as a catalyst to decrease the onset temperature of polymerization and ensure sufficient polymerization on the surface of the material to be bonded. Mild steel, glass, ceramic, wood, PMAA, and concrete were successfully bonded within several minutes at room temperature. In the same material system, the adhesive strength with the FP curing approach was greater than that of thermal curing, and the former had a better pore structure, as determined by MIP analysis. This paper provides a promising idea for the in-situ fast synthesis of high-strength epoxy adhesives at room temperature. A novel synthesis strategy, UV-initiated frontal polymerization (FP) for the fast synthesis of high-strength, self-propagating epoxy adhesives at room temperature, was presented, in which the self-propagating rate reached 71.4 mm min−1. CuCl 2 was used as a catalyst to decrease the onset temperature of polymerization and ensure sufficient polymerization on the surface of the material to be bonded. Moreover, the thermal images clearly recorded the synthesis process and temperature distribution during the RICFP. [Display omitted] • A novel synthesis strategy, radical induced cationic frontal polymerization for the fast synthesis of high-strength, self-propagating epoxy adhesives, was presented at room temperature. • The adhesion of various materials was successfully achieved. • The self-propagating reached 71.4 mm min−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The integration of SERS and ECL technologies enables dual-mode detection. • The in situ synthesis of nanoprobes effectively prevented signal leakage. • In situ synthesis of new organic compounds enables ratio-based SERS detection. A novel dual-mode biosensor integrating surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was developed for the reliable detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) related circulating miRNAs. The DNA walker nucleic acid amplification technique was employed for signal amplification and facilitated in-situ synthesis of ECL luminescent clusters and SERS probes. The alkynyl-modified silver nanocluster (AgNC) template strand and the azido-modified DNA probe on the electrode were connected through linker release facilitated by the continuous rolling and cutting action of the DNA walker on the spherical substrate. Under Cu+ catalysis, the alkynyl and azide groups at the junction undergo conversion into triazole molecules, which can serve as SERS probes. Subsequently, AgNCs were synthesized using a template method, with SERS signals emitted due to plasma resonance effects of triazole molecules situated between Au nanoparticles and AgNCs. The developed dual-mode analysis platform efficiently minimizes the potential for signal leakage, significantly corrects systematic errors, improves detection accuracy and sensitivity, and facilitates dependable identification of circulating miRNA. The detection of miRNA-133a exhibited a linear relationship within the concentration range of 100 aM to 1 nM, with detection limits of 32 aM and 0.17 fM in ECL and SERS modes, respectively. The SERS-ECL dual-mode detection platform may provide forward-looking ideas for the field of biosensing and clinical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]