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Résumé Les rhumatologues sont fréquemment confrontés au genou douloureux. Un diagnostic précis nécessite une connaissance de l’anatomie du genou, des présentations fréquentes du genou traumatique et des principales causes de genou douloureux fréquemment rencontrées, ainsi qu’une capacité à réaliser un examen physique spécifique. L’interrogatoire devrait comprendre les caractéristiques de la douleur du patient, l’analyse des symptômes mécaniques et des mécanismes du traumatisme, la notion de gonflement. L’examen physique devrait comporter une inspection soigneuse du genou, la palpation des zones douloureuses, la recherche d’un épanchement, l’évaluation de la mobilité, des ligaments (traumatisme, laxité) et des ménisques. Rheumatologists frequently encounter patients with knee pain. Accurate diagnosis requires a knowledge of knee anatomy, common pain patterns in knee injuries, and features of frequently encountered causes of knee pain, as well as specific physical examination skills. The history should include characteristics of the patient's pain, analysis of mechanical symptoms and mechanism of injury, joint effusion. The physical examination should include careful inspection of the knee, palpation for point tenderness, assessment of joint effusion, range-of-motion testing, evaluation of ligaments (injury, laxity, and assessment of the menisci). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between chronic pelvic pain symptoms and endometriosis is unclear because painful symptoms are frequent in women without this pathology, and because asymptomatic forms of endometriosis exist. Our comprehensive review attempts to clarify the links between the characteristics of lesions and the semiology of chronic pelvic pain symptoms. Based on randomized trials against placebo, endometriosis appears to be responsible for chronic pelvic pain symptoms in more than half of confirmed cases. A causal association between severe dysmenorrhoea and endometriosis is very probable. This association is independent of the macroscopic type of the lesions or their anatomical locations and may be related to recurrent cyclic microbleeding in the implants. Endometriosis-related adhesions may also cause severe dysmenorrhoea. There are histological and physiopathological arguments for the responsibility of deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) in severe chronic pelvic pain symptoms. DIE-related pain may be in relation with compression or infiltration of nerves in the subperitoneal pelvic space by the implants. The painful symptoms caused by DIE present particular characteristics, being specific to involvement of precise anatomical locations (severe deep dyspareunia, painful defecation) or organs (functional urinary tract signs, bowel signs). They can thus be described as “location indicating pain”. A precise semiological analysis of the chronic pelvic pain symptoms characteristics is useful for the diagnosis and therapeutic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Abstract: Objectives. –This literature review highlights the importance of medical interview in the early diagnosis of overtraining syndrome. We propose an analytic process consisting to specify with the athlete his answers to the self-administered overtraining questionnaire proposed by the French Sport Medicine Society. Topics. –The first step consists to ensure the long-term alteration of sport performance. This feature is a prerequisite to define an overtraining syndrome. This decrease in sport performance must be paralleled to an eventual increase in the training load. In a second step a chronic fatigue must be evidenced and characterized allowing to verify its specificity to overtraining and the absence of underlying disease. The third step aims to confirm the diagnosis of overtraining assessing the presence of physical and psychological symptoms frequently reported in the literature. The last step consists in seeking favoring factors and/or triggers linked to the sport practice, to the close environment of the athlete, or to personal factors. These factors may allow identifying the causes of overtraining and their relief. Future prospects. –Practically, we suggest to undertake this medical interview in depth in order to specify with the athlete his answers to the short self-administered overtraining questionnaire proposed by the French Sport Medicine Society (SFMS), a screening tool, integrating most of the items discussed in this article. Based on this literature review and on the different works performed by the memberships of the SFMS, the article proposed in the following, summarizes this analytic process. The latter is concluded by the position stand of the SFMS on the role of medical interview in early diagnosis of overtraining syndrome. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Résumé Une toux récente est souvent la conséquence d’une infection bénigne des voies aériennes supérieures pouvant être prise en charge au comptoir. Il convient de poser les bonnes questions pour orienter le choix du traitement, de rappeler les règles hygiéno-diététiques et de savoir déceler les situations à risque nécessitant une consultation médicale. Summary A recent cough is often the consequence of a benign infection of the upper airways which can be treated over the counter. It is important to ask the right questions to guide the patients in their choice of treatment, to remind them of the hygiene and dietary rules to follow and to know how to identify high-risk situations requiring medical attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]