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Despite the availability of guidelines and official policies, antibiotic prophylaxis in clean surgery remains suboptimal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects and cost-effectiveness of pharmacist-led intervention in the perioperative anti-infection prophylaxis of patients undergoing orthopedic internal fixation. We performed a retrospective analysis based on the medical records of internal fixation surgery in a tertiary hospital from July 2019 to June 2020. Data were divided into two groups based on whether a full-time pharmacist participated in the treatment. The research parameters included use of antibiotics, rationality of medication, postoperative complications, and related cost. To deal with selection bias, propensity score matching method was employed at a ratio of 1:1. Meanwhile, a cost-effectiveness analysis was used to evaluate the impact of pharmacist intervention on antibiotic prevention in internal fixation surgery. A total of 537 participants were included in this study. After matching, 236 patients were comparable in each group. During the pharmacist intervention period, less pharmacologic prophylaxis (96.6% vs 100.0%, p = 0.007) and shorter prophylaxis duration (1.60 vs 2.28 days, p < 0.001) were observed. The reasonable rate increased dramatically in usage and dosage (96.6% vs 83.9%, p < 0.001), timing of administration (94.5% vs 78.4%, p < 0.001) and medication duration (64.4% vs 37.7%, p < 0.001). In addition, pharmacist intervention yielded net economic benefits. A remarkable reduction was observed in average length of stay (10.43 vs 11.14 days, p = 0.012), drug cost ($610.57 vs $706.60, p = 0.001) and defined daily doses (2.31 vs 3.27, p < 0.001). The cost-effectiveness ratios, divided drug cost savings by cost of pharmacist time, were 28:1 for drug and 2:1 for antibiotics, respectively. Pharmacist-driven antibiotic stewardship for orthopedic internal fixation patients improved compliance with peri-procedure antibiotic prophylaxis, and reduced the cost and utilization of antibiotics. This helped to bring significant clinical and economic benefits. • Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean surgery remains suboptimal. • No data on pharmacist intervention in clean orthopedic surgery was available. • Pharmacist intervention improved compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis. • Pharmacist intervention yielded clinical and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low ambient temperature become the limiting factor of composting in cold regions, thus hindering the recycle of agricultural and forestry wastes. In this study, the composting of mushroom residue and wood chips (MRWC) under low temperature was successfully implemented with inoculation of psychrotolerant cellulolytic microbial agent. Composting entered thermophilic stage on third day and the peak temperature reached to 66.25 °C. After 84 days of composting, the degradation rate of cellulose and hemicellulose was 40.85% and 100%, respectively and the compost product was completely mature and met the requirements of organic fertilizer. Metagenomic and transcriptome sequencing were applied to reveal the microbial composition and their substrates conversion functions and adaptation mechanisms through low to high temperatures. Streptomyces , Mesorhizobium , Devosia , Aspergillus and Mucor were dominant genera in the microbial community that were rich in genes of lignocellulose degradation. Various genes related to low temperature adaptation (fatty acid, trehalose, mannitol, betaine metabolism and cold shock mechanism) and high temperature tolerance (heat shock and antioxidant) were detected during MRWC composting. These results indicated that microbes during composting constituted a high-efficiency lignocellulosic ultilization system in cold conditions. Besides, the microbes of microbial agent, especially Streptomyces and Aspergillus , possessed numerous genes involving in lignocellulose degradation and temperature adaptation and quite different temperature response patterns were found to perform in bacteria and fungi. The transcription levels of most these genes in Aspergillus exhibited significant differences under different substrates and temperature conditions, suggesting that the inoculum was crucial to the composting process and beneficial to maintain the temperature of piles. This study demonstrated that the application of psychrotolerant microbes was a promising strategy to increase the efficiency of composting in cold regions and these results could also provided the guidance for optimizing microbial agent. [Display omitted] • Inoculation of psychrotolerant microbes completed MRWC compost at low temperature. • The composting started up and products met the standard of organic fertilizer. • Dominant microbes consisted of a high-efficiency lignocellulosic conversion system. • Inoculated microbes had various genes involved in temperature adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The key role of the hypothalamic neuropeptides orexins in maintenance and promotion of arousal has been well established in normal mammalian animals, but whether orexins exert arousal effects under pathological condition such as coma was little studied. In this study, a model of unconscious rats induced by acute alcohol intoxication was used to examine the effects of orexins through intracerebroventricular injection. The results revealed that either orexin A or orexin B induced decrease of duration of loss of right reflex in alcohol-induced unconscious rats. In the presence of the selective orexin receptor 1 antagonist SB 334867 and orexin receptor 2 antagonist TCS OX2 29, the excitatory action of orexin A was completely blocked. Our data further presented that orexin A also induced reduction of delta power in EEG in these rats. Single-unit recording experiment in vivo demonstrated that orexin A could evoke increase of firing activity of prefrontal cortex neurons in unconscious rats. This excitation was completely inhibited by an H1 receptor antagonist, pyrilamine, whereas application of α1-adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin or 5-HT2 selective receptor antagonist ritanserin partially attenuated the excitatory effects of orexin A on these neurons. Consistently, the results of EEG recordings showed that microinjection of pyrilamine, prazosin, or ritanserin suppressed reduction of delta power in EEG induced by orexin A on unconscious rats. Thus, these data suggest that orexins exert arousal effects on alcohol-induced unconscious rats by the promotion of cortical activity through activation of histaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder’. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aerobic composting of cellulosic biomass is difficult to start at low temperatures. Especially, the effect of microbial inoculants on the initiation of aerobic composting of cellulosic material at low temperature and the succession of microbial community is still poorly defined. In this study, the aerobic composting of mushroom residue and wood chips successfully started at 3–11 °C by inoculating the microbial agents (including bacteria and fungi) for cellulose degradation and low temperature adaptation. It was found that the inoculum was beneficial for the heating of the compost pile, starting of the aerobic composting process and the degradation of cellulose. The thermophilic stage of inoculation group lasted for 13 days and 8 days longer than that of control group. The degradation efficiencies of hemicellulose and cellulose in inoculation group and control group were 37.50% and 27.30%, while the degradation efficiencies of cellulose were 21.29% and 16.18%, respectively. Furthermore, the results of high-throughput sequencing revealed that inoculation of microbial agents was beneficial to the optimization of community structure and the conversion of cellulose substrate. In addition, the inoculated strains of Aspergillus , Penicillium , Bacillus and Streptomyces might play active roles in the composting process, especially in the set-up and thermophilic stage of the composting. [Display omitted] • The aerobic composting of cellulosic biomass successfully started up at 3–11 °C. • Inoculant was beneficial for starting composting process and cellulose degradation. • Inoculation optimized the microbial community and enhanced the biotransformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • ZNF580 was increased in neonatal HIBD rats and OGD SH-SY5Y cells model. • The protective effect of ZNF580 in OGD neurons model was explored for the first time. • The molecular mechanism of ZNF580 action was explored with RNA-seq and bioinformatic analysis. • KLF9, IGFBP3, HSPA5 and NTN4 genes were the targets of ZNF580 for inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is one of the main causes of neonatal acute death and chronic nervous system impairment, but still lacks effective treatments. ZNF580/ZFP580, reported in our previous studies, may be a newly identified member of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family, and has anti-apoptotic effects during ischemic myocardial injury. In the present study, we showed that the expression levels of both ZFP580/ZNF580 mRNA and protein increased significantly in neonatal HIBD rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) SH-SY5Y cell models. ZNF580 overexpression promoted neuron survival and suppressed neuron apoptosis after OGD in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells, while interference with ZNF580 resulted in the opposite results. RNA-seq analysis identified 248 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) between ZNF580 overexpression SH-SY5Y cells and interference-expressed SH-SY5Y cells. Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs played significant roles in the growth, development, and regeneration of axons, DNA biosynthetic processes, DNA replication, and apoptosis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were found in some pathways, including ferroptosis, glutamatergic synapses, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, estrogen signaling pathways, the TGF-beta signaling pathway, and the longevity regulating pathway. The qRT-PCR validation results were consistent with RNA-seq results, which showed that HSPA5, IGFBP3, NTN4, and KLF9 increased in ZNF580-overexpressed SH-SY5Y cells and decreased in interference-expressed SH-SY5Y cells, when compared with normal cells. Together, the results suggested that ZNF580 targeted these genes to inhibit neuronal apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fungal community and the population of 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and cellulose-degrading genes during the 30-day composting process of Chinese medicinal herbal residues were investigated using Illumina MiSeq and quantitative real-time PCR. An obvious succession of fungal communities occurred during the composting process. Unidentified fungi predominated in the raw materials. As composting progressed, Ascomycota became the most dominant phylum, with Aspergillus being the most dominant genus, and Aspergillus fumigatus making up 99.65% of that genus. Because of the inoculation of cellulolytic fungi in the mature stage, the cellulose degradation rate in inoculation groups was faster and the relative abundances of Aspergillus and the glycoside hydrolase family 7 genes were significantly higher than those in the control groups. These indicated that the fungal inoculants facilitated the degradation of cellulose, increased cellulolytic fungi and optimized the community structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monochromatic perfect submap coding is a technique which utilizes structured light to reconstruct three-dimensional shapes. This coding strategy is robust against occlusions, suitable for dynamic scene detection, and less sensitive to colorful surface when compared to color coding. However, perfect submap patterns are often poor in terms of resolution and accuracy. In this work, the symbol density spectrum (SDS) and its features are used to choose symbols for improving resolution and decreasing decoding error of perfect submap symbol patterns. The proposed SDS provides a distribution of symbol points for reconstruction after which 10 symbol features are extracted. Following a comparative analysis of the symbol features and scene testing of symbols damage rate, a new density pattern is formed using nine symbols chosen from one group. A 3D reconstruction experiment showed that results obtained by this method are of a higher resolution compared with other existing monochromatic spatial coding techniques and are robust against color surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]