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Abstract: Proliferation of nonlinear loads in power systems has increased harmonic pollution and deteriorated power quality. Passive filtering has typically been the standard technology for harmonic and reactive power compensation .With the advancements in power electronics, active filtering is being more widely considered given its flexibility and precise control. However, cost, complexity, and reliability are considered the major drawbacks of active filters. In this paper a new fuzzy logic is introduced to control the harmonic in the power system, which has more advantages such as simplicity, ease of application, flexibility, speed and ability to deal with imprecision and uncertainties .The introduction of fuzzy logic can not only reduce harmonic,but also correct the power factor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

CaV1.3 channels are unique among the high voltage-activated Ca2+ channel family because they activate at the most negative potentials and display very rapid calcium-dependent inactivation. Both properties are of crucial importance in neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and substantia nigra, where the influx of Ca2+ ions at subthreshold membrane voltages supports pacemaking function. Previously, alternative splicing in the CaV1.3 C terminus gives rise to a long (CaV1.342) and a short form (CaV1.342A), resulting in a pronounced activation at more negative voltages and faster inactivation in the latter. It was further shown that the C-terminal modulator in the CaV1.342 isoforms modulates calmodulin binding to the IQ domain. Using splice variant-specific antibodies, we determined that protein localization of both splice variants in different brain regions were similar. Using the transcript-scanning method, we further identified alternative splicing at four loci in the C terminus of CaV1.3 channels. Alternative splicing of exon 41 removes the IQ motif, resulting in a truncated CaV1.3 protein with diminished inactivation. Splicing of exon 43 causes a frameshift and exhibits a robust inactivation of similar intensity to CaV1.342A. Alternative splicing of exons 44 and 48 are in-frame, altering interaction of the distal modulator with the IQ domain and tapering inactivation slightly. Thus, alternative splicing in the C terminus of CaV1.3 channels modulates its electrophysiological properties, which could in turn alter neuronal firing properties and functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2), a classical representative of superantigens, activates T cells that produce massive cytokines. This characteristic makes SEC2 a promising candidate drug for cancer immunotherapy. Previous study showed that ST-4, a SEC2 mutant, enhanced recognition of mouse T-cell receptor Vβ regions, and activated the increased number of T cells that produced more cytokines. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and antitumor effect on human tumor cells remains unknown. Herein, we showed that ST-4 significantly activated TCR Vβ 12, 13A, 14, 15, 17, and 20 CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which produced substantial amounts of granzyme B and perforin. These cytokines exhibited antitumor effect on K562 cells by promoting apoptosis and inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest. Conversely, the granzyme B inhibitor or perforin inhibitor significantly weakened antitumor effect of ST-4, accompanied by a decrease of cleaved proapoptotic BAX and cytochrome c , and an increase of antiapoptotic BCL2. Taken together, these data suggest that granzyme B and perforin produced by ST-4-activated CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells play a pivotal role in inducing K562 cell apoptosis by the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and support ST-4 as a potential candidate for cancer immunotherapy. • ST-4 activated human CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells to trigger antitumor effect. • Granzyme B and perforin secreted by activated T cells induced tumor cell apoptosis. • Cell apoptosis induced by ST-4 partly depended on mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A multi-center study including 307 COVID-19 pneumonia patients • Chest HRCT features were quantitatively evaluated • Chest CT changes had gender differences • CT scores had correlations with arterial blood gas indices The study was aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and evaluate the dynamic changes of chest CT features in the first three weeks in the common type fo COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Jiangsu Province. 307 patients infected SARS-CoV-2 classified as common type were enrolled in the study. 628 chest CT scans were divided into three groups based on the time interval between symptoms and chest CT scan. The clinical characteristics were descriptively analyzed.The chest CT features were quantitatively evaluated. Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the differences in three groups and between men and women. Spearman rank correlation was used to test the association between the arterial blood gas(ABG) analysis results and chest CT scores. Fever (69.1%) and cough (62.8%) were common symptoms. 111(36.2%) patients were anorexia. GGO was the most common manifestation of COVID-19 pneumonia, which could be followed by consolidation and fibrosis. Lower lobe or subpleural region was the most common distribution form of lesion. More lung lobes were involved in the third week. Total chest CT scores in the second week were higher than the first week. Fibrosis Scores increased in the second and third week. Total CT score, GGO score and fibrosis score of male patients were significantly higher than female in the second week. Male patients had higher consolidation score and fibrosis score than female in the third week. Total CT score and GGO score had weak to moderate correlation with arterial blood gas indices. Changes in chest CT were difficult to assess quantitatively in the first third weeks. Male patients recovered slower than female in the second week. Although CT score had correlations with arterial blood gas indices, long-term follow-up of pulmonary function test is needed to determine the recovery of lung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To test the hypothesis that the hippocampus field CA1 is recruited in nociceptive intensity-dependent fashion in the formalin model of inflammatory pain, we determined the effect of injection of formalin (0.625–2.5%) on the induction of Fos protein along the length of the hippocampus. Compared to injection of saline, injection of formalin (0.625–2.5%) evoked a concentration-dependent increase in nociceptive behavior and a significant linear increase in the number of Fos-positive cells in the spinal cord, especially in the deeper laminae. Injection of saline also increased induction of Fos along the length of hippocampus. On the other hand, injection of formalin decreased the number of Fos-positive cells in whole CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus, with a greater significant effect in the posterior–ventral regions of the hippocampus. Indeed, a formalin concentration-dependent decrease was observed in the ventral CA1. A systematic pattern of change in Fos induction was not observed in the medial septum region. Of the regions examined, only the formalin-induced changes in Fos cell counts in the posterior and ventral CA1 were tightly correlated with the changes observed in the spinal cord. The foregoing findings suggest that nociceptive information is processed in distributed fashion by the hippocampus, and at least the ventral CA1 is implicated in nociceptive intensity-dependent integrative functions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Excessive oxidative stress in high O2 environment (19%∼20%)accelerated the quality deterioration of mushrooms. • Ultra-low O2 environment (1%∼2%) improved the antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative damage. • Ultra-low O2 environment inhibited the browning of mushrooms. • Agaricus bisporus has better anaerobic stress adaptation and hypoxia tolerance. Short-term anaerobic treatment provides significant benefits in maintaining the quality of mushrooms, but this benefit requires re-exposing the mushrooms to a suitable O 2 environment. Hence, this research investigated different re-oxygenation environments after 6 h anaerobic treatment on the antioxidant properties of A. bisporus. Results showed that ultra-low O 2 environment (1%∼2%) reduced the accumulation of superoxide radical (O 2 −) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and aseorbate oxidase (APX) and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants including flavonoids and ascorbic acid, as well as inhibited browning due to the lowest polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities. However, oxidative stress caused by instantaneous high concentration O 2 exposure (19%∼20%) caused severe oxidative damage to tissues and thus showed poor antioxidant properties and color maintenance. In conclusion, the ultra-low O 2 environment after anaerobic treatment can maintain the quality of mushrooms by improving the antioxidant capacity and reducing oxidative damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 6 h anaerobic treatment inhibited key enzyme activities of respiratory pathway. • 6 h anaerobic treatment increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. • 6 h anaerobic treatment reduced cell oxidative damage. In this study, the effects of N 2 anaerobic treatment for 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h on respiratory metabolism and the oxidation status of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) were evaluated for a storage period of fifteen days including key enzyme activity of respiratory pathway, antioxidant enzyme activity, brightness, browning index, anaerobic metabolites, and cell ultrastructure. The results showed that 6 h anaerobic treatment inhibited key enzyme activities of glycolysis (EMP), tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and pentose phosphate pathway (HMP), increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as maintained the cell integrity and functionality compared to other treatments. The intensity of anaerobic treatment was proportional to ethanol production, while the senescence of mushrooms seemed to be closely related to acetaldehyde content. The 24 h treatment showed the highest browning index, which may be related to the cytotoxicity produced by acetaldehyde. Therefore, appropriate anaerobic treatment of 6 h in the condition of this study can reduce the oxidative damage of cells and delay mushroom senescence by regulating the fermentation metabolism at a beneficial level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Short-term anaerobic treatment reduced respiration rate of mushrooms. • Short-term anaerobic treatment reduced weight loss of mushrooms. • 6 h anaerobic treatment and MAP maintained mushrooms quality for 15 d. • Short-term anaerobic treatment enhanced umami taste of mushrooms. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the combinational effect of different durations of anaerobic treatment and perforation mediated modified atmosphere packaging on the respiration, color, texture, sensory, and amino acid contents of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms stored under 5 °C. The anaerobic condition was created by flushing N 2 for 6, 12, and 24 h into a plastic tray sealed with perforated film containing the mushroom samples. The results showed that 6 h treatment combined with perforation mediated MAP was the most effective to maintain the quality of mushrooms, including the appearance, texture, and sensory quality. It reduced the respiration rate by 47.5 % on day 3 compared to control (no anaerobic treatment) and maintained the weight loss under 1.6 % during 15 d storage. Extending the treatment to 24 h accelerated the deterioration of mushroom quality, indicating that extended anaerobic treatment caused irreversible damage to mushroom cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 1-MCP can reduce respiration rate and inhibit browning of mushrooms. • Combination of 1-MCP and MAP can maintain mushroom quality for at least 15 d. • Low O 2 (<0.1%) and high CO 2 (>20%) will cause yellowing of mushroom surface. The effects of 1-MCP treatment on the quality of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms packed in three different packaging films, i.e., low permeable packaging (LPP), medium permeable packaging (MPP) and high permeable packaging (HPP), were evaluated. Quality factors included weight loss, color, texture, and sensory. Results show that 1-MCP can slow down the respiration rate of mushrooms. In LPP and MPP, where O 2 supply was limited, the respiration rate of mushrooms can be reduced by around 25%, while in HPP where there was constant O 2 supply, the respiration rate reduced by around 2%. The best effectiveness was obtained from the combination of 1-MCP and MPP, which created headspace composition of less than 0.1% of O 2 , and 5–10% CO 2 , providing more than 15 d of shelf life. This combination provided several benefits for mushroom quality including maintaining sensory quality, weight, and firmness, as well as altering the formation of flavor nucleotides process which has the potential to improve umami taste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]