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Considering the high costs associated with bio-based adsorbents, chemically modified adsorbents, metal organics, and N- or S-containing organic polymers, this study proposed the recovery of gold from printed circuit boards (PCBs) using solid waste coal gasification slag (CGS) as adsorbents. This study found that CGS can quickly adsorb AuCl 4 - in solution, and the adsorption process was less affected by pH value, stirring speed and temperature. The results of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms indicated that gold adsorption process better fitted pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model. The gold adsorption process was controlled by the chemical process. After adsorption, the gold ions aggregated on CGS surface to form micron-sized zero-valent gold, as demonstrated by several characterization methods. The formation environment of CGS and possible presence of elemental aluminum explained its high reducibility. Because of their reducing properties, gold ions are more likely to obtain electrons on the surface of CGS than activated carbon. The values were detected in the electrochemical circuits comprising CGS and AuCl 4 - in different reaction areas, which further proved the promotion effect of the chemical reduction reaction on the adsorption of gold ions. The AuCl 4 - in the leaching solution of the PCBs were recovered by the CGS, and the saturated adsorption amount reached 40.3 mg/g. Using CGS to recover gold not only recycles solid waste, but also realizes the recycling of useful resources in waste PCBs at a low cost. • Coal gasification slag (CGS) was used to recovery gold from printed circuit boards. • The reduction characteristic of CGS promotes the adsorption of AuCl 4 -. • Gold maximum adsorption capacity is 109.28 mg/g. • CGS shows advantages in energy saving because of its inherent characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidrug resistance (MDR) caused by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a main barrier to the success of cancer chemotherapies. In this study, fourteen novel dibenzoazepine-tetrahydroisoquinoline hybrids were prepared as potential P-gp inhibitors to surmount MDR caused by P-gp. Amongst them, 8a displayed the most potent inhibition effect on P-gp, thus effectively reversing P-gp-mediated drug resistance with a reversal fold (RF) value of 93.17 in K562/A02 cells. Excitingly, the EC 50 value of 8a on MDR reversing effect was 48.74 nM, which was nearly two thousand-fold lower than its IC 50 value (95.94 μM) for intrinsic cytotoxicity on K562/A02 cells. Further investigation showed that 8a exerted the MDR reversal effect through impairing P-gp function rather than affecting its expression. Molecular docking and CETSA results illustrated that 8a possessed a relatively high affinity for P-gp, thus effectively improving the stability of P-gp. Furthermore, 8a exhibited a much poorer inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 activity than CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole, thus might not cause unfavorable drug-drug interactions. These data together suggested that 8a may be a promising lead to design P-gp inhibitors, and warranted further investigation on overcoming P-gp-mediated MDR. Compound 8a possessed potent P-gp inhibitory effect, thus effectively reversing P-gp-mediated resistance in K562/A02 cells. [Display omitted] • Dibenzoazepine-tetrahydroisoquinoline hybrids were prepared as P-gp inhibitors. • 8a had potent P-gp inhibitory effect, thus reversing P-gp-mediated MDR in K562/A02 cells. • CETSA result confirmed 8a could stabilize P-gp by directly binding to P-gp. • 8a showed poor effect on CYP3A4, thus might not cause unfavorable drug-drug interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystatin A (CyA), an inhibitor of cysteine protease, was widely studied in immune defense and cancer therapy. However, the function of CyA and its potential molecular mechanism during virus infection in fish remain unknown. In our study, we cloned the open reading frame (ORF) of CyA homology from orange-spotted grouper (Ec-CyA) consisting of 303 nucleotides and encoding a 101-amino acid protein. Ec-CyA included two conserved sequences containing one N-terminal glycine fragment and one QXVXG sequence (48aa-52aa) without the signal peptide. Tissue distribution analysis showed that Ec-CyA was highly expressed in spleen and head kidney. Moreover, further analysis indicated that the expression of Ec-CyA increased during SGIV simulation in grouper spleen (GS) cells. Subcellular localization assay demonstrated that Ec-CyA was mainly distributed in cytoplasm in GS cells. Overexpressed Ec-CyA promoted the mRNA level of viral genes MCP, VP19 and LITAF. Meanwhile, SGIV-induced apoptosis in fat head minnow (FHM) cells was facilitated, as well as the activation of caspase-3/7, caspase-9. In addition, Ec-CyA overexpression down-regulated the expression of interferon (IFN) related molecules including ISG15, IFN, IRF3, MAVS, MyD88, TRAF6 and up-regulated proinflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α. At the same time, Ec-CyA-overexpressing inhibited the activity of IFN and ISRE promoter, but induced NF-κB promoter activity by luciferase reporter gene assay. In summary, our findings suggested that Ec-CyA was involved in innate immune response and played a key role in DNA virus infection. • Cystatin A gene from Epinephelus coioides (Ec-CyA) was identified and characterized. • The transcription of Ec-CyA was up-regulated in grouper spleen (GS) cells stimulated with SGIV. • Overexpression of Ec-CyA significantly promoted SGIV infection in GS cells. • Overexpression of Ec-CyA significantly enhanced SGIV induced apoptosis in FHM cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel technique to reduce the zinc consumption for recovery Au(S 2 O 3) 2 3− was developed. • The consumption of zinc powder can be reduced by 70% by using an applied potential. • Leaching solution can be recycled after gold cementation. One of the factors limiting the practical application of gold thiosulfate leaching is the inefficient recovery of Au(S 2 O 3) 2 3−, which can be recovered by cementation using active metals. In gold cementation, the application of electrochemical reduction on the solution can simultaneously reduce metal consumption, and meet the recycling requirements. By introducing an applied potential of 0.14 V to an 80 mL solution of 5 mM CuSO 4 , 0.5 M NH 3 , 0.1 M Na 2 S 2 O 3 , and 10 mg/L gold ion, the concentration of Cu(NH 3) 4 2+ in the solution and the corresponding redox potential can be reduced from 5 mM to 0.261 mM, and 0.26 V to 0.06 V, respectively. Under these conditions, gold cementation was carried out, and the consumption of zinc powder was found to be reduced by 70%. By stirring for 12 h after the cementation, the concentration of Cu(NH 3) 4 2+ in the solution can be recovered to 80% of the initial concentration resulting in redox potential of 0.23 V. Using this solution to leach gold ore, the gold leaching rate can reach 80% within 6 h, which meets the needs of requirements for dissolving gold in the leaching stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]