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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.12.006 Byline: Valerie Bryan (a), Blake Jones (b), Emily Lawson (c) Keywords: Citizen review panels; Child welfare systems; Evaluation; Citizen participation; Child abuse Abstract: This study reports findings from a national study of citizen review panels (CRPs) for child protective services, examining the relationships between previously identified panel characteristics (including information flow between CRPs and states, group cohesion and panel self-governance) and perceptions of CRP effectiveness. Author Affiliation: (a) University of South Alabama, Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work, 34 Humanities Bldg., Mobile AL, 36608, USA (b) University of Kentucky College of Social Work Training Resource Center, Lexington, KY, USA (c) University of Kentucky College of Social Work, Lexington KY, USA Article History: Received 9 September 2009; Revised 7 December 2009; Accepted 7 December 2009

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.05.002 Byline: Valerie Bryan (a), Blake Jones (b), Erin Allen (b), Crystal Collins-Camargo (b) Keywords: Citizen review panels; Child welfare system; Citizen engagement Abstract: State child welfare systems in recent years have been increasingly compelled to include citizen stakeholders in public policy evaluation. A key mechanism for increased citizen involvement has been the development of citizen review panels (CRPs) in the area of child protective services. Citizen review panels are groups of citizen volunteers who are federally mandated through the CAPTA Amendments of 1996 to evaluate state child welfare agencies. Despite the age of the mandate, very few researchers have examined the impact of the initiative upon child welfare services. This article describes the process of and results from a statewide evaluative study of the federal citizen review panel (CRP) initiative to improve child protective services in a rural southern state. The study employed multiple methods to capture a variety of stakeholder views, including the use of panel member surveys and focus groups, content analysis of CRP annual reports and state responses, and semi-structured state stakeholder interviews. Results from these efforts were analyzed and synthesized to identify prevalent, convergent and divergent themes of state agency and panel perspectives. Findings from the study are discussed as well as recommendations for improvement in the functioning of the panels. Author Affiliation: (a) University of South Alabama, Mobile Alabama, United States (b) University of Kentucky College of Social Work, Training Resource Center, United States Article History: Received 6 March 2007; Revised 6 May 2007; Accepted 16 May 2007

The findings of a survey relative to variables that contributed to the effectiveness of citizen review panels (CRP) in a 10-state area in the Midwest and South are reported. The findings reveal that the perceived effectiveness of panels in influencing policy is related to increased communication, an awareness of roles and limitations, legitimate collaboration, and realistic goals.

Background and Aims: Limited data exist on prediction of adverse outcomes in patients with acute lower GI bleeding (LGIB). The purpose of our study was to compare the ability of existing validated clinical risk scores to predict relevant outcomes in LGIB. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study of patients admitted with LGIB who underwent colonoscopy at a single center between April 2016 and September 2017. Seven risk scores were calculated at admission (Strate, NOBLADS, Sengupta, Oakland, Blatchford, AIMS65, and Charlson Comorbidity Index). The risk of severe LGIB was determined via univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis was used to compare the scores. Results: We included 170 patients admitted with LGIB requiring colonoscopy. Fifty-two percent (n = 89) fit criteria for severe bleeding. Patients with severe bleeding had lower admission hemoglobin levels (8.6 g/dL vs 11.1 g/dL; P = .0001), were more likely to have blood transfusions (85% vs 36%; P < .0001), intensive care unit stays (49% vs 19%; P < .0001), and had a longer length of stay (6 days vs 4 days; P = .0009). The Oakland score was best for prediction of severe bleeding (AUC, .74), Blatchford score for blood transfusion (AUC, .87), and Strate score for in-hospital recurrent bleeding (AUC, .66) and endoscopic intervention (AUC, .62). The strongest individual predictors of severe bleeding were low admission hemoglobin (odds ratio, 1.28 per 1-g/dL decrease; P = .0015; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.49) and low albumin (odds ratio, 2.56 per 1-g/dL decrease; P = .02; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-5.56). Conclusion: Admission albumin and hemoglobin levels were the strongest predictors of severe bleeding. No singular clinical risk tool had the best predictive ability across all outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequent family mealtimes have been associated with numerous positive dietary, health, and behavioral outcomes for children and families. This review article summarizes some of the beneficial outcomes associated with having frequent family dinners. Current trends in family dinner frequency are discussed in the context of barriers that influence how often families eat dinner together, including time issues, work issues, and distractions in the home environment. Next, several parental influences and home environment factors that promote healthy and consistent family dinners are outlined. Finally, limitations are discussed and a few practical suggestions are mentioned to help encourage families, employers, and policy-makers to make family mealtimes a regular practice for as many families as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examine how experiencing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic influenced adolescent independent eating occasions (iEOs) and iEO-related parenting practices from the perspective of parents and adolescents Cross-sectional remote interviews were conducted for this basic qualitative research study. Participants were a purposive sample of multiracial/ethnic adolescents aged 11–14 years and their parents from households with low income (n = 12 dyads) representing 9 US states. The main outcome measures were iEOs and iEO-related parenting practices. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis. About half of the parents indicated that their adolescents had more iEOs during the COVID-19 pandemic and that there were changes in the types of foods consumed during iEOs. In contrast, most adolescents indicated their iEOs had not changed remarkably in frequency or foods consumed since the onset of the pandemic. Most parents reported no change in how they taught their adolescents about healthy food, the rules for foods/beverages permitted during iEOs, or how they monitored what their adolescents ate during iEOs; adolescent reports were in general agreement. Most parents indicated that family members were home together more often during the pandemic, which increased cooking frequency. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' iEOs varied, and the parenting practices used to influence iEOs remained stable during the pandemic. Families experienced having more time together and cooking at home more often. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family meals may improve diet and weight outcomes in children; however, results from nationally representative samples suggest that these relationships vary by race/ethnicity. Observing parent-child mealtime interactions may lend insight to why racial/ethnic differences exist. In this pilot study, a multi-ethnic sample of low-income families (n = 30) with a preschool-age child was videotaped during a dinner in their home. A global coding scheme was used to assess the following: 'Action' (behaviors that divert attention from eating), 'Behavior Control' (behaviors intended to modify another person's behavior), and 'Communication' (i.e., meal-oriented, interpersonal, and critical). All families spent a significant amount of time in 'action' oriented behaviors that diverted their attention from eating. We also observed racial/ethnic differences in communication (i.e. critical) and behavior patterns (i.e. behavior control). This study demonstrated that this approach for observing parent-child mealtime interactions in a naturalistic setting among a diverse study sample was feasible; however, future studies should address how these patterns relate to dietary intake and weight status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the study regarding the role of citizens and child protection workers in the child welfare system in the U.S. It stresses the importance of the partnership between child welfare personnel and citizen groups to communicate effectively about the relevance of citizen participation in the child welfare system to meet the needs of families and children. Joint trainings between citizen review panel members and child protection workers would allow open communication and understanding.

The following is a transcript from “The Built Environment” session during the Ingestive Behavior Research Conference at Purdue University . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Little is known about outcomes of patients hospitalized for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) while they are taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). We aimed to determine the frequency at which patients resume DOAC therapy following hospitalization for GIB in a real-world setting, and the risks and benefits. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical claims data from the Truven Health Marketscan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2014. We collected data on 1338 adults treated with DOACs and hospitalized for GIB (dabigatran, n = 679; rivaroxaban, n = 608, apixaban, n = 51). Patients who developed GIB within 1 year of DOAC initiation, and had a DOAC claim filled within 1 month of GIB, were included in the analysis. Postdischarge readmissions due to thromboembolism and recurrent GIB within 90 days were reviewed. We used proportional hazards to identify factors associated with thromboembolism and recurrent GIB. Results The median age of patients who did not resume DOAC therapy was older (79 vs 78 y for patients who did resume DOAC therapy; P =.0005). Higher proportions of patients who did not resume DOAC had heart failure (25% vs 20% who did resume DOAC therapy; P =.01), received blood (36% vs 24%; P <.0001), and required intensive care (18% vs 12%; P =.003). Restarting DOAC therapy within 30 days was not associated with thromboembolism within 90 days (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.37–2.21) or recurrent GIB (HR, 1.44; 95% CI 0.72–2.68). On multivariate regression, prior venous thromboembolism was associated with postdischarge thromboembolism (HR, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.29–7.38), and thienopyridine use was associated with recurrent GIB (HR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.55–5.81). A higher proportion of patients who resumed treatment with rivaroxaban, compared with other DOACs, had recurrence of GIB (log rank, P =.04). Conclusions In a retrospective analysis of medical claims data from adults treated with DOACs and hospitalized for GIB, we found that older patients who require blood and intensive care were less likely to restart treatment with DOACs after GIB. Resuming DOAC therapy was not associated with thromboembolism within 90 days or recurrence of GIB; a history of venous thromboembolism and thienopyridine use were associated with a risk of subsequent thromboembolism and GIB respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child Welfare Citizen Review Panels (CRPs) are groups of citizen volunteers authorized by Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA; P.L. 104-235) to examine practices of public child welfare agencies. Increasingly, state CRP groups are engaging in university-community partnerships to assist in meeting CAPTA mandates. Despite this trend, there are no published studies that examine this practice. This research brief examines group differences between CRP members of university and non-university affiliated panels, respectively. Factors of interest included CRP Knowledge, Member Satisfaction, Member Engagement, Personal Influence, Perceived CRP Impact on Child Welfare System, CRP Member Dynamics, and Meeting Format. Results indicate that respondents perceived themselves to be no more knowledgeable or engaged in their panels and expressed no greater confidence in the potential impact of CRPs on the child welfare system, whether affiliated with a university or not. After a brief review of literature, this brief will explicate findings derived from this study and discuss salient implications and areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year 2016 marked the 20th anniversary of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) amendments (P.L. 104–235) that mandated Citizen Review Panels (CRPs). CRPs are citizen volunteer groups authorized by United States (U.S.) federal law to examine policies and procedures of state child welfare agencies. Despite the potential of CRPs to positively impact child welfare systems outcomes associated with child abuse and neglect, and the millions of dollars in resources allocated to these groups, there remains a dearth in the literature about CRPs. This exploratory study examined CRP member perceptions from across the United States. Researchers collected scaled survey data to examine member knowledge, engagement and assessment of panel influence and impact, membership composition, and meeting structure. Results revealed that panel members lack some knowledge related to the federal mandate guiding their work, and data suggest the need for panels to more adroitly recruit and retain members representative of the communities in which the panels are formed. After a brief review of background literature, this paper will explicate key results, discuss these findings, and identify salient practice, policy and research implications derived from the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1996, federal law has required state child welfare agencies receiving grant funding through the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act to support the work of independent citizen review panels. According to the law, citizen review panels are to assess the functions and performance of state child welfare systems, providing recommendations for improvements. To date, a handful of studies have examined the work of the citizen review panels from the perspective of the citizen participants, yet the voice of state child welfare administrators regarding their work with the panels has been largely silent in the literature. While exploratory in nature and intent, the present study begins to fill this gap by reporting the results of a national survey of state child welfare administrators regarding their perceptions of barriers and benefits to citizen participation. The qualitative analysis yielded a significant degree of agreement across administrators in 31 states and the District of Columbia, and provided a number of insights for how agencies and citizen review panels can work more collaboratively. These include the need for agencies to assist in the training of CRP participants and for administrators to more deliberately foster an environment conducive to effective engagement by supporting ongoing dialog, integrating CRP recommendations into agency work, and meeting regularly with the groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop and test parent and early adolescent questionnaires to assess food parenting practices that influence early adolescent food consumption during independent eating occasions (iEOs). Cross-sectional online questionnaires were completed by 206 and 62 low-income parent/early adolescent (11–14 years) dyads at Time 1 and 2, respectively, recruited via a Qualtrics (Provo, UT) US national panel database. Principal component analyses, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability checks were performed. Six parallel components were identified for parents and early adolescents with acceptable internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Scales included autonomy support, monitoring, availability, indulgence, expectations, and modeling. All except indulgence were positively correlated with importance of helping early adolescents make healthy choices during iEOs. Additional research is needed to test the questionnaires' validity regarding relationships between parenting practices and early adolescent consumption during iEOs. Findings could inform development of interventions to improve consumption during these occasions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify practices that parents use to influence early adolescents' food choices during independent eating occasions (iEOs) from parent and child perspectives. In-depth interviews. Low-income parents (n = 49) and early adolescent children (aged 10–13 years; n = 44) from 10 US states and the District of Columbia. Parent and child perspectives on parenting practices that influence food choices during iEOs. Audio-recorded interviews transcribed verbatim, NVivo coding, and directed content analysis. Parents reported setting rules and expectations and managing availability or accessibility as the most common practices used to influence iEOs. Other practices included teaching, pressuring to eat, monitoring, and modeling. Children reported that their parents had rules about what they could or could not eat during iEOs and that they used specific strategies (eg, call or text) to monitor their iEOs. Additional studies are needed to confirm findings from this exploratory study. Future cross-sectional and longitudinal studies could determine whether and to what extent food parenting practices identified in the current study are associated with healthy dietary intake during iEOs, as well as potential racial and ethnic differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequency of independent eating occasions (iEOs) has been linked to intake of unhealthy foods and overweight or obesity among adolescents. Parenting practices involving modeling healthy food intake and making healthy foods available have been associated with healthy food intake among adolescents; however, little is known about these associations during iEOs. To determine whether parenting practices involving structure (monitoring, availability, modeling, and expectations), lack of structure (indulgence), and autonomy support reported by adolescents or parents were associated with adolescent iEO intake of junk foods, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), sugary foods, and fruit and vegetables. Cross-sectional study measuring parenting practices and adolescent iEO food choices via an online survey and adapted food frequency questionnaire. Parent/adolescent dyads (n = 622) completed surveys (November–December 2021) using a national Qualtrics panel database. Adolescents were 11 to 14 years of age and had iEOs at least weekly. Primary measures included parent- and adolescent-reported frequency of food parenting practices and adolescent-reported iEO intake of junk foods, sugary foods, SSBs, and fruits and vegetables. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between parenting practices and iEO intake of foods/beverages, adjusting for adolescent's age, sex, race and ethnicity, iEO frequency, parent's education and marital status, and household food security status. Bonferroni multiple comparison corrections were conducted. More than half of parents were female (66%) and 35 to 64 years of age (58%). Adolescents/parents identified as White/Caucasian (44%/42%), Black/African American (28%/27%), Asian (21%/23%), and Hispanic ethnicity (42%/42%). Positive associations were observed among adolescent-reported and parent-reported autonomy support, monitoring, indulgence and expectations parenting practices, and adolescent-reported daily iEO intake frequencies of junk foods, sugary foods, and fruits and vegetables (P < 0.001). Structural and autonomy support parenting practices were positively associated with both healthy and unhealthy iEO food intake by adolescents. Interventions to improve adolescent iEO intake could promote positive practices associated with healthy food consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Higher protein intake has been implicated in weight management because of its appetitive properties. However, the effects of protein intake on appetitive sensations such as fullness have not been systematically assessed. Meta-analysis is a useful technique to evaluate evidence of an intervention’s effect on testable outcomes, but it also has important limitations. Objective The primary aim of this study was to synthesize the available evidence on the effect of protein intake on fullness using a quantitative meta-analysis and a secondary directional analysis using the vote-counting procedure. A tertiary aim was to address limitations of meta-analyses as they pertain to findings from this meta-analysis. Design We searched multiple databases for interventional studies that evaluated the effect of increased protein intake on fullness ratings. Inclusion criteria for both analyses were as follows: healthy human participants, preload studies that utilized intact dietary protein, delivery of protein load orally, and studies reporting fullness as an outcome. For the meta-analysis, an additional criterion was that the studies also needed to report 2- to 4-hour area under the curve value for fullness. Results Five studies met all criteria for the meta-analysis. Twenty-eight studies met all criteria for the directional analysis. The meta-analysis indicated higher protein preloads have a greater effect on fullness than lower protein preloads (overall effect estimate: 2,435.74 mm.240 min, (95% CI 1,375.18 to 3,496.31 mm.240 min; P <0.0001). The directional analysis also revealed a positive effect on fullness with higher protein preloads ( P <0.01). Many related scientifically rigorous studies were excluded from the analysis because analytical criteria required a narrowly focused research question. Conclusions The present analyses show that higher protein preloads increase fullness ratings more than lower protein preloads under tightly defined conditions. Extrapolation of findings to common conditions outside the specified criteria of this analysis must be made cautiously, as must speculation about the influence of fullness sensations on ingestive behavior, body weight, and various health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Independent eating occasions (iEOs) among adolescents were associated with poorer diet quality and overweight status in previous studies. Little is known about how iEOs (frequency and food groups/food types consumed) vary by personal (e.g., age, sex, race, ethnicity) and household (e.g., food security) characteristics and other factors (e.g., school learning format - online vs. remote). To determine associations among iEOs (frequency and food groups/food types consumed) and key personal and household characteristics among low-income adolescents in the US. A US-based online cross-sectional survey was administered to a national sample of low-income adolescents who reported iEOs and their parents (n = 622 dyads) from Qualtrics survey panelists (November/December 2021). About half were 11-12 years (44%), boys (53%), non-Hispanic White (44%), and from food-insecure households (52%). About two-thirds (68%) reported attending school in person. An adapted 27-item FLASHE (Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, Eating) Study food frequency questionnaire was used to quantify mean daily intake frequencies of food groups/types consumed overall and during iEOs. Chi-square tests were used to compare iEO frequency by demographic characteristics. Linear regression analyses were used to determine associations among mean iEO and overall daily food group intake frequencies (dependent variables) and iEO frequency (independent variable) adjusting for demographic and household characteristics. Frequency of iEOs was ≤ 3-4 times/week (46%) and ≥ 5-6 times/week (54%), with no differences by age group, sex, or in-person school attendance. Frequency of IEOs was positively associated with intake frequencies for all food groups both during IEOs and overall. Higher daily iEO intake frequencies of sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food/convenience foods, and all detrimental foods were also associated with food insecurity and non-Hispanic White race. More frequent iEOs were associated with greater daily intake frequency of less healthful and healthful foods during iEOs and overall. Nutrition education could focus on increasing intake of healthful foods during iEOs for food-insecure youth. USDA [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Positive parenting is a correlate of resilience in rural Latinx early adolescents. • Effortful control is associated with resilience concurrently, but not across time. • Fathers' parenting is longitudinally linked to Latinx early adolescents' resilience. • Early adolescents' effortful control and resilience appear to be stable across time. The present study examined individual and environmental factors that are linked to resilience in a sample of rural Midwestern Latinx early adolescents in the United States (N = 123, mean age = 11.53 years; 56.9% female). Using resilience theory and the Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework, we examined the associations of mothers' and fathers' positive parenting to early adolescents' (EAs) effortful control and resilience across two time points, and examined bidirectional relations between effortful control and resilience. Using structural equation modeling, we found positive concurrent associations at Time 1 (T1) between mothers' positive parenting and EAs' effortful control and resilience. Fathers' T1 positive parenting was positively associated with EAs' T1 effortful control, but not their resilience. Although mothers' positive parenting was not longitudinally associated with EA resilience, fathers' T1 positive parenting was associated with EAs' resilience at Time 2 (T2). Positive concurrent associations between effortful control and resilience were found at both time points; however, bidirectional effects were not significant. Our results suggest that resources such as positive parenting and effortful control have important implications for positive youth development in ethnic minority EAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]