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27. Characterization of the atmospheric muon flux in IceCube

Author

Aartsen, M.G., Abraham, K., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J.A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Altmann, D., Anderson, T., Archinger, M., Argüelles, C., Arlen, T.C., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Barwick, S.W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J.J., Becker Tjus, J., Becker, K.-H., Beiser, E., BenZvi, S., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bernhard, A., Besson, D.Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D.J., Bohm, C., Börner, M., Bos, F., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Braun, J., Brayeur, L., Bretz, H.-P., Brown, A.M., Buzinsky, N., Casey, J., Casier, M., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Christy, B., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coenders, S., Cowen, D.F., Cruz Silva, A.H., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J.C., Day, M., de André, J.P.A.M., De Clercq, C., Dembinski, H., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K.D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J.C., Dumm, J.P., Dunkman, M., Eagan, R., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Euler, S., Evenson, P.A., Fadiran, O., Fahey, S., Fazely, A.R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Flis, S., Fuchs, T., Glagla, M., Gaisser, T.K., Gaior, R., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Gier, D., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Golup, G., Gonzalez, J.G., Góra, D., Grant, D., Gretskov, P., Groh, J.C., Groß, A., Ha, C., Haack, C., Haj Ismail, A., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hansmann, B., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hellwig, D., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G.C., Hoffman, K.D., Hoffmann, R., Holzapfel, K., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Huelsnitz, W., Hulth, P.O., Hultqvist, K., In, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Japaridze, G.S., Jero, K., Jurkovic, M., Kaminsky, B., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J.L., Kemp, J., Kheirandish, A., Kiryluk, J., Kläs, J., Klein, S.R., Kohnen, G., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Konietz, R., Koob, A., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D.J., Kowalski, M., Krings, K., Kroll, G., Kroll, M., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Lanfranchi, J.L., Larson, M.J., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Leuermann, M., Leuner, J., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K.B.M., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H.S., Maunu, R., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Meli, A., Menne, T., Merino, G., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Middlemas, E., Miller, J., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S.C., Nygren, D.R., Obertacke, A., Olivas, A., Omairat, A., O’Murchadha, A., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Paul, L., Pepper, J.A., Pérez de los Heros, C., Pfendner, C., Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Posselt, J., Price, P.B., Przybylski, G.T., Pütz, J., Quinnan, M., Rädel, L., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Reimann, R., Relich, M., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Richter, S., Riedel, B., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Saba, S.M., Sabbatini, L., Sander, H.-G., Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Scheriau, F., Schimp, M., Schmidt, T., Schmitz, M., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Shanidze, R., Smith, M.W.E., Soldin, D., Spiczak, G.M., Spiering, C., Stahlberg, M., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stanisha, N.A., Stasik, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R.G., Stößl, A., Strahler, E.A., Ström, R., Strotjohann, N.L., Sullivan, G.W., Sutherland, M., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tešić, G., Tilav, S., Toale, P.A., Tobin, M.N., Tosi, D., Tselengidou, M., Turcati, A., Unger, E., Usner, M., Vallecorsa, S., van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., van Santen, J., Vanheule, S., Veenkamp, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallraff, M., Wandkowsky, N., Weaver, Ch., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B.J., Whitehorn, N., Wichary, C., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C.H., Wille, L., Williams, D.R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T.R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, D.L., Xu, X.W., Xu, Y., Yáñez, J.P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., and Zoll, M.

Published
2016
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30. Searches for small-scale anisotropies from neutrino point sources with three years of IceCube data

Author

Aartsen, M.G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J.A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Altmann, D., Anderson, T., Arguelles, C., Arlen, T.C., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Barwick, S.W., Baum, V., Beatty, J.J., Becker Tjus, J., Becker, K.-H., BenZvi, S., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bernhard, A., Besson, D.Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D.J., Bohm, C., Bos, F., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Brayeur, L., Bretz, H.-P., Brown, A.M., Casey, J., Casier, M., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Christy, B., Clark, K., Classen, L., Clevermann, F., Coenders, S., Cowen, D.F., Cruz Silva, A.H., Danninger, M., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J.C., Day, M., de André, J.P.A.M., De Clercq, C., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K.D., de With, M., DeYoung, T., Díaz-Vélez, J.C., Dunkman, M., Eagan, R., Eberhardt, B., Eichmann, B., Eisch, J., Euler, S., Evenson, P.A., Fadiran, O., Fazely, A.R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Felde, J., Feusels, T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer-Wasels, T., Flis, S., Franckowiak, A., Frantzen, K., Fuchs, T., Gaisser, T.K., Gaior, R., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Gier, D., Gladstone, L., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Golup, G., Gonzalez, J.G., Goodman, J.A., Góra, D., Grant, D., Gretskov, P., Groh, J.C., Groß, A., Ha, C., Haack, C., Haj Ismail, A., Hallen, P., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hellwig, D., Hickford, S., Hill, G.C., Hoffman, K.D., Hoffmann, R., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huelsnitz, W., Hulth, P.O., Hultqvist, K., Hussain, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Jacobsen, J., Jagielski, K., Japaridze, G.S., Jero, K., Jlelati, O., Jurkovic, M., Kaminsky, B., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kauer, M., Kelley, J.L., Kheirandish, A., Kiryluk, J., Kläs, J., Klein, S.R., Köhne, J.-H., Kohnen, G., Kolanoski, H., Koob, A., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D.J., Kowalski, M., Kriesten, A., Krings, K., Kroll, G., Kroll, M., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Larsen, D.T., Larson, M.J., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Leuermann, M., Leute, J., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H.S., Maunu, R., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Meli, A., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Middlemas, E., Milke, N., Miller, J., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S.C., Nygren, D.R., Obertacke, A., Odrowski, S., Olivas, A., Omairat, A., O’Murchadha, A., Palczewski, T., Paul, L., Penek, Ö., Pepper, J.A., Pérez de los Heros, C., Pfendner, C., Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Posselt, J., Price, P.B., Przybylski, G.T., Pütz, J., Quinnan, M., Rädel, L., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Redl, P., Rees, I., Reimann, R., Relich, M., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Robertson, S., Rodrigues, J.P., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ruzybayev, B., Ryckbosch, D., Saba, S.M., Sander, H.-G., Sandroos, J., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Scheriau, F., Schmidt, T., Schmitz, M., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schönwald, A., Schukraft, A., Schulte, L., Schulz, O., Seckel, D., Sestayo, Y., Seunarine, S., Shanidze, R., Smith, M.W.E., Soldin, D., Spiczak, G.M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stanisha, N.A., Stasik, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R.G., Stößl, A., Strahler, E.A., Ström, R., Strotjohann, N.L., Sullivan, G.W., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tamburro, A., Tepe, A., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tešić, G., Tilav, S., Toale, P.A., Tobin, M.N., Tosi, D., Tselengidou, M., Unger, E., Usner, M., Vallecorsa, S., van Eijndhoven, N., Vandenbroucke, J., van Santen, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallraff, M., Weaver, Ch., Wellons, M., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B.J., Whitehorn, N., Wichary, C., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C.H., Williams, D.R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T.R., Woschnagg, K., Xu, D.L., Xu, X.W., Yanez, J.P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zarzhitsky, P., Ziemann, J., Zierke, S., and Zoll, M.

Published
2015
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36. New insights into the etiopathology of placenta accreta spectrum.

Author

Jauniaux, Eric, Jurkovic, Davor, Hussein, Ahmed M., and Burton, Graham J.

Subjects
PLACENTA accreta, PLACENTA praevia, CHORIONIC villi, FIRST trimester of pregnancy, RADIAL artery, UTERINE artery, MYOMETRIUM, SCARS, PLACENTA, QUESTIONNAIRES
Abstract

Placenta accreta has been described as a spectrum of abnormal attachment of villous tissue to the uterine wall, ranging from superficial attachment to the inner myometrium without interposing decidua to transmural invasion through the entire uterine wall and beyond. These descriptions have prevailed for more than 50 years and form the basis for the diagnosis and grading of accreta placentation. Accreta placentation is essentially the consequence of uterine remodeling after surgery, primarily after cesarean delivery. Large cesarean scar defects in the lower uterine segment are associated with failure of normal decidualization and loss of the subdecidual myometrium. These changes allow the placental anchoring villi to implant, and extravillous trophoblast cells to migrate, close to the serosal surface of the uterus. These microscopic features are central to the misconception that the accreta placental villous tissue is excessively invasive and have led to much confusion and heterogeneity in clinical data. Progressive recruitment of large arteries in the uterine wall, that is, helicine, arcuate, and/or radial arteries, results in high-velocity maternal blood entering the intervillous space from the first trimester of pregnancy and subsequent formation of placental lacunae. Recently, guided sampling of accreta areas at delivery has enabled accurate correlation of prenatal imaging data with intraoperative features and histopathologic findings. In more than 70% of samples, there were thick fibrinoid depositions between the tip of most anchoring villi and the underlying uterine wall and around all deeply implanted villi. The distortion of the uteroplacental interface by these dense depositions and the loss of the normal plane of separation are the main factors leading to abnormal placental attachment. These data challenged the classical concept that placenta accreta is simply owing to villous tissue sitting atop the superficial myometrium without interposed decidua. Moreover, there is no evidence in accreta placentation that the extravillous trophoblast is abnormally invasive or that villous tissue can cross the uterine serosa into the pelvis. It is the size of the scar defect, the amount of placental tissue developing inside the scar, and the residual myometrial thickness in the scar area that determine the distance between the placental basal plate and the uterine serosa and thus the risk of accreta placentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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37. Ultrasound Prediction of Segmental Bowel Resection in Women with Rectovaginal Endometriosis: A Single-Center Experience.

Author

Wojtaszewska, Alexandra, Lewin, Jonathan, Jurkovic, Davor, Saridogan, Ertan, Vashisht, Arvind, Cutner, Alfred, and Hirsch, Martin

Abstract

Study Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the ability of routinely collected preoperative ultrasound data to predict bowel resection during surgery for rectovaginal endometriosis.Design and Setting: Patients at the University College London Hospital who underwent surgery for rectovaginal endometriosis during a 6-year period were identified from the prospectively generated hospital (British Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy) database. Imaging data were collected and analyzed to determine associations with the requirement for bowel resection.Patients: We evaluated 228 consecutive women undergoing bowel surgery (shave, disc resection, or segmental resection) for rectovaginal endometriosis.Interventions: The patients in our study underwent surgical resection of rectovaginal endometriosis and interventions included shave, disc resection, and segmental resection of the bowel. All patients underwent a preoperative transvaginal ultrasound to assess the extent of endometriosis.Measurements and Main Results: There were 206 rectal shaves (90.4%), 2 disc resections (0.9%), and 20 segmental bowel resections (8.8%). A multivariable analysis demonstrated an association between bowel resection and ≥2 nodules located in the rectovaginal space (odds ratio [OR] 6.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-34.2), nodules in the vesicouterine pouch (OR 5.87; 95% CI, 1.03-33.3), and increasing nodule size (OR 2.39 per 1 cm increase per 1 cm diameter increase; 95% CI, 1.56-3.64).Conclusion: Ultrasound findings of endometriotic nodule location, number of nodules, and increasing size are independent predictors of segmental bowel resection at the time of surgery for rectovaginal endometriosis. This highlights the importance of accurate diagnostic evaluation to aid counseling and surgical planning in the preoperative setting for women with rectovaginal endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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41. Study of e+, e− production in elementary and nuclear collisions near the production threshold with HADES

Author

Salabura, P, Agakichiev, G, Agodi, C, Alvarez-Pol, H, Balanda, A, Bellia, G, Belver, D, Bielcik, J, Böhmer, M, Bokemeyer, H, Boyard, J, Braun-Munzinger, P, Chepurnov, V, Chernenko, S, Christ, T, Coniglione, R, Diaz, J, Djeridi, R, Dohrmann, F, Duran, I, Eberl, T, Emeljanov, V, Fabbietti, L, Fateev, O, Fernandez, C, Finocchiaro, P, Friese, J, Fröhlich, I, Fuentes, B, Garzon, J, Gernhäuser, R, Golubeva, M, Gonzalez, D, Grosse, E, Guber, F, Hennino, T, Hlavac, S, Hoffmann, J, Holzmann, R, Ierusalimov, A, Iori, I, Jaskula, M, Jurkovic, M, Kämpfer, B, Kanaki, K, Karavicheva, T, Koenig, I, Koenig, W, Kolb, B, Kotte, R, Kotulic-Bunta, J, Krücken, R, Kugler, A, Kühn, W, Kulessa, R, Kurepin, A, Kurtukian-Nieto, T, Lang, S, Lehnert, J, Maiolino, C, Marn, J, Markert, J, Metag, V, Montes, N, Mousa, J, Münch, M, Müntz, C, Naumann, L, Novotny, J, Otwinowski, J, Pachmayer, Y, Panebratsev, Y, Pechenov, V, Perez, T, Pietraszko, J, Pleskac, R, Pospisil, V, Przygoda, W, Rabin, N, Ramstein, B, Reshetin, A, Ritman, J, Rodriguez-Prieto, G, Roy-Stephan, M, Rustamov, A, Sabin-Fernandez, J, Sadovsky, A, Sailer, B, Sanchez, M, Smolyankin, V, Smykov, L, Spataro, S, Spruck, B, Stroebele, H, Stroth, J, Sturm, C, Sudol, M, Titov, A, Tlusty, P, Toia, A, Traxler, M, Tsertos, H, Vazquez, A, Volkov, Y, Wagner, V, Walus, W, Winkler, S, Wisniowski, M, Wojcik, T, Wüstenfeld, J, Zanevsky, Y, and Zumbruch, P

Published
2004
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44. First-trimester cesarean scar pregnancy: a comparative analysis of treatment options from the international registry.

Author

Kaelin Agten, Andrea, Jurkovic, Davor, Timor-Tritsch, Ilan, Jones, Nia, Johnson, Susanne, Monteagudo, Ana, Huirne, Judith, Fleisher, Jonah, Maymon, Ron, Herrera, Tania, Prefumo, Federico, Contag, Stephen, Cordoba, Marcos, and Manegold-Brauer, Gwendolin

Subjects
ECTOPIC pregnancy, FIRST trimester of pregnancy, PREGNANCY complications, SCARS, PREGNANCY, CESAREAN section
Abstract

A cesarean scar pregnancy is an iatrogenic consequence of a previous cesarean delivery. The gestational sac implants into a niche created by the incision of the previous cesarean delivery, and this carries a substantial risk for major maternal complications. The aim of this study was to report, analyze, and compare the effectiveness and safety of different treatments options for cesarean scar pregnancies managed in the first trimester through a registry. This study aimed to evaluated the ultrasound findings, disease behavior, and management of first-trimester cesarean scar pregnancies. We created an international registry of cesarean scar pregnancy cases to study the ultrasound findings, disease behavior, and management of cesarean scar pregnancies. The Cesarean Scar Pregnancy Registry collects anonymized ultrasound and clinical data of individual patients with a cesarean scar pregnancy on a secure, digital information platform. Cases were uploaded by 31 participating centers across 19 countries. In this study, we only included live and failing cesarean scar pregnancies (with or without a positive fetal heart beat) that received active treatment (medical or surgical) before 12+6 weeks' gestation to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the different management options. Patients managed expectantly were not included in this study and will be reported separately. Treatment was classified as successful if it led to a complete resolution of the pregnancy without the need for any additional medical interventions. Between August 29, 2018, and February 28, 2023, we recorded 460 patients with cesarean scar pregnancies (281 live, 179 failing cesarean scar pregnancy) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were registered. A total of 270 of 460 (58.7%) patients were managed surgically, 123 of 460 (26.7%) patients underwent medical management, 46 of 460 (10%) patients underwent balloon management, and 21 of 460 (4.6%) patients received other, less frequently used treatment options. Suction evacuation was very effective with a success rate of 202 of 221 (91.5%; 95% confidence interval, 87.8–95.2), whereas systemic methotrexate was least effective with only 38 of 64 (59.4%; 95% confidence interval, 48.4–70.4) patients not requiring additional treatment. Overall, surgical treatment of cesarean scar pregnancies was successful in 236 of 258 (91.5%, 95% confidence interval, 88.4–94.5) patients and complications were observed in 24 of 258 patients (9.3%; 95% confidence interval, 6.6–11.9). A cesarean scar pregnancy can be managed effectively in the first trimester of pregnancy in more than 90% of cases with either suction evacuation, balloon treatment, or surgical excision. The effectiveness of all treatment options decreases with advancing gestational age, and cesarean scar pregnancies should be treated as early as possible after confirmation of the diagnosis. Local medical treatment with potassium chloride or methotrexate is less efficient and has higher rates of complications than the other treatment options. Systemic methotrexate has a substantial risk of failing and a higher complication rate and should not be recommended as first-line treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Transfer of inulin across the first-trimester human placenta

Author

Jauniaux, Eric, Lees, Christoph, Jurkovic, Davor, Campbell, Stuart, and Gulbis, Beatrice

Subjects
Pregnancy, Health
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(97)80007-5 Byline: Eric Jauniaux, Christoph Lees, Davor Jurkovic, Stuart Campbell MD, Beatrice Gulbis Keywords: First trimester; inulin; pregnancy; placenta; transfer Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the transfer of inulin from the mother to the first-trimester fetus. STUDY DESIGN: A bolus of inulin (5 mg/kg) was administered to nine healthy volunteers with pregnancies between 6 and 12 weeks of gestation scheduled for elective termination of pregnancy. Coelomic and amniotic fluid samples were obtained from the corresponding cavities between 8 and 25 minutes after the end of the bolus of inulin. Fetal fluid inulin concentrations were compared with those of matched samples of maternal blood and urine collected simultaneously. RESULTS: Inulin was detected in all fetal and maternal samples. A trend toward an increasing inulin concentration was noted in the exocoelomic cavity with advancing time. Coelomic and maternal serum inulin concentrations were similar within 20 minutes after injection. Amniotic inulin concentrations were always lower than coelomic concentrations irrespective of gestational age or advancing time after injection. CONCLUSIONS: Inulin crosses the first-trimester human placenta from 7 weeks of gestation in quantities that yield measurable concentrations in both coelomic and amniotic fluids. These results suggest that the study of drug transfer in the first trimester of human pregnancy is feasible with use of samples obtained from the exocoelomic cavity. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;176:33-36.) Author Affiliation: London, United Kingdom, and Brussels, Belgium Article History: Received 15 April 1996; Revised 6 August 1996; Accepted 6 September 1996 Article Note: (footnote) [star] From the Academic Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London and King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Hospital Erasme, Free University of Brussels., [star][star] Reprint requests: Eric Jauniaux, MD, PhD, Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London Medical School, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom., a 6/1/77747

Published
1997

46. Transfer ofinulin across the first-trimester human placenta

Author

Jauniaux, Eric, Lees, Christoph, Jurkovic, Davor, Campbell, Stuart, and Gulbis, Beatrice

Subjects
Maternal-fetal exchange -- Physiological aspects, Placenta -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

Measurements of drug levels in fluid from the pregnant mother's abdominal cavity may be used in place of fetal blood samples to determine a drug's ability to cross the placenta. Researchers used the inert substance, inulin, to compare levels of inulin in abdominal fluid samples from the mother to fetal fluid samples. Inulin was injected into nine women who were six to 12 weeks pregnant and who were having elective abortions. Inulin was found to cross the placenta in pregnancies of at least seven weeks although higher levels remained in the mother.

Published
1997

47. The origin of alpha-fetoprotein in first-trimester anembryonic pregnancies

Author

Jauniaux, Eric, Gulbis, Beatrice, Jurkovic, Davor, Gavriil, Panagiotis, and Campbell, Stuart

Subjects
Fetal death -- Physiological aspects, Alpha fetoproteins -- Measurement, Health
Abstract

Many anembryonic pregnancies may be a result of early embryo death. Researchers measured alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the maternal blood and in embryonic fluid in nine women with an empty gestational sac and 27 women with normal pregnancies. Women with an empty gestational sac had higher AFP levels in maternal blood but lower levels in embryonic fluid compared to the women with normal pregnancies. In eight of the women with an empty gestational sac, 50% of the AFP from embryonic fluid was nonreactive to concanavalin A, indicating that it was from the embryonic yolk sac. The higher maternal blood AFP levels in women with an empty gestational sac indicates that AFP is being produced by the breakdown of the placenta. These data lend further evidence to support the fact that many anembryonic pregnancies are characterized by an embryo that survives long enough produce a yolk sac.

Published
1995

48. Impact of location on placentation in live tubal and cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies.

Author

Jauniaux, Eric, Mavrelos, Dimitrios, De Braud, Lucrezia V., Dooley, William, Knez, Jure, and Jurkovic, Davor

Abstract

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of implantation outside the normal intra-uterine endometrium on development of the gestational sac.Methods: We reviewed and compared the ultrasound measurements and vascularity score around the gestational sac in 69 women diagnosed with a live tubal ectopic pregnancy (TEP) and 54 with a cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSP) at 6-11 weeks of gestation who were certain of their last menstrual period.Results: The rate of a fetus with a cardiac activity in the study population was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in CSPs than in TEPs. The median maternal age, gravidity and parity were significantly (P =.005; P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) lower in the TEP than in the CSP group. The number of gestational sac size <5th centile for gestational age was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the TEP than in the CSP group. There were no differences between the groups for the other ultrasound measurements. In cases matched for gestational age, the gestational sac size was significantly (P < 0.001) smaller in the TEP compared to the CSP group. There was a significant (P < 0.001) difference in the distribution of blood flow score with CSP presenting with higher incidence of moderate and high vascularity than TEP.Discussion: Both TEP and CSP are associated with a higher rate of miscarriage than intrauterine pregnancies and the slow development of the gestation sac is more pronounced in TEPs probably as a consequence of a limited access to decidual gland secretions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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49. Biochemical composition of the coelomic fluid in anembryonic pregnancy

Author

Jauniaux, Eric, Jurkovic, Davor, Gulbis, Beatrice, Zaidi, Jamal, Meuris, Sylvain, and Campbell, Stuart

Subjects
Miscarriage -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

The fluid in the empty sac when an embryo fails to develop (blighted ovum) appears to differ from the fluid in the sac of a normal pregnancy. Seventeen women with failure of embryonic development in the first trimester had fluid withdrawn from the empty sac. Biochemical composition was compared with that of fluid from the sacs of 17 women undergoing elective abortion of pregnancy between 8 and 12 weeks. Composition was also compared with that of maternal blood serum. Substances that could cross the membrane by simple diffusion such as urea or ions were found in similar amounts in the anembryonic and normal pregnancies. However, substances that required active placental transportation or synthesis, such as larger proteins or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), were reduced in the anembryonic fluid. HCG was found in greater amounts in anembryonic fluid than in the serum of the mother, indicating that heavy molecules like hCG may be trapped in the fluid after embryonic death.

Published
1994

50. Investigation of the acid-base balance of coelomic and amniotic fluids in early human pregnancy

Author

Jauniaux, Eric, Jurkovic, Davor, Gulbis, Beatrice, Collins, William P., Zaidi, Jamal, and Campbell, Stuart

Subjects
Amniotic fluid -- Analysis, Pregnancy -- Physiological aspects, Human embryo -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

Variations in the content and type of metabolic byproducts found in maternal blood serum, amniotic fluid, and the coelomic fluid enhance understanding of metabolic processes and biochemistry of the first trimester embryo. The three fluids were obtained from 55 women undergoing elective abortion between seven and 14 weeks gestation. In contrast to the second trimester pregnancy, the the chorionic membrane and the amniotic membrane have not fused and there is a fluid-filled space between them. THis is the coelomic fluid. Chorionic villi surround the entire embryo, and the villi have not established intimate contact with the maternal blood supply. Toward the end of the first trimester, the primitive kidney gives way to what will become the mature fetal kidney. Metabolic byproducts reflect the increased barriers between the mother and the embryo and the relatively oxygen-poor environment under which early development takes place. They may also reflect the differences in kidney function.

Published
1994

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