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The cryptosystem nowadays based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is becoming the trend in public key cryptography. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) was introduced by Victor Miller and Neil Kolbitz in 1986 is fast replacing the public key cryptosystem such as RSA, ElGamal Cryptosystems, etc., as ECC is more complex and thus it provides greater security and more efficient performance This paper presents the FPGA implementation of ECC by transforming the text message into an affine point called Pm(x, y) on the Elliptic Curve (EC), over the finite field GF (p). Each character in the text message is represented by its ASCII value. The ASCII value is mapped to the affine point. These affine points are later mapped again using Matrix Mapping method. Later these points are encoded using ElGamal encryption method. And the encoded message can be decrypted by ElGamal decryption technique and to get back the original message. The matrix obtained by ElGamal decryption is multiplied with the inverse of non-singular matrix, and de-mapping performed to get back the original ASCII Character and this ASCII character is converted back to the text message. The entire design is simulated, synthesized and implemented on FPGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth sulphide (Bi2S3)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composites were fabricated using facile single step process using d-pencillamine as a sulphur source. Fourier Transformer Infra Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to characterize and evaluate the properties of Bi2S3/RGO composites. This paper delivers a systematic investigation on the incorporation of the RGO on Bi2S3 microflowers for high efficiency visible light photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet dye (CV). As synthesized Bi2S3 microflower/RGO composites show tremendous improved photocatalytic performance than pure Bi2S3 microflowers. The superior photocatalytic activity of the Bi2S3/RGO composite was due to the enhanced light absorption, reduced recombination rate, and efficient charge transfer by incorporation of RGO. The degradation efficiency of Bi2S3/RGO 3% shows higher photocatalytic activity than pure Bi2S3 and commercialized TiO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]