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Abstract: Objective: Acrylamide is a chemically reactive substance used in various industries. Recently, the discovery of acrylamide in a variety of human foods including heat-processed starchy foods such as potato chips and bread has been reported. Acrylamide is also known as a carcinogen and cytotoxic material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the detrimental effects of acrylamide on membrane integrity and sperm parameters in mice. Study design: This experimental study was conducted on thirty male NMRI mice, aged 8–10 weeks and weighing 25–30g. They were randomly allotted into three equal groups. Group I (low dose) and group II (high dose) were fed on water solutions containing acrylamide 5 and 10mg/kg/day, respectively, for 2 months, while the third group received fresh water as the control group. Sperm analysis was done for parameters as well as evaluation of membrane integrity by Hypoosmotic Swelling Test (HOS-test) for sperm tails and Eosin-Y staining for sperm heads. Results: Total sperm motility and progressive motility (fast and slow) in both groups, I and II, decreased significantly (P =0.00), but no significant change was observed in non-progressive motility (P >0.05). The total motile sperm percentage decreased significantly only in group II (P =0.01). Sperm morphology did not significantly change in the experimental groups compared to the controls (P >0.05). In sperm membrane integrity evaluation, functional intact membrane of sperm tail in both groups I and II had a significant decrease (P =0.00), but membrane integrity of the sperm head decreased significantly only in group II (P =0.00). Conclusion: These results indicate that acrylamide, through effects on membrane integrity, decreased sperm vitality as well as causing abnormal sperm parameters in progressive motility and total motility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) created a global pandemic that continues to this day. In addition to pulmonary symptoms, the virus can have destructive effects on other organs, especially the heart. For example, large pericardial effusion has been observed as a critical and life-threatening finding in Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients. In this case report based systematic review, we review the reports of moderate to severe pericardial effusion associated with tamponade physiology. Direct cardiomyocyte and pericardium invasion, inflammation and cytokine storms and oxidative stress due to acute respiratory distress syndrome, are the pathogenesis of this phenomenon. The results showed that the manifestations of this finding are variable. Pericardial effusion can be seen as a delayed complication, accompanied by myocarditis or pericarditis, isolated, or with acute respiratory distress syndrome. In most patients, emergency percutaneous pericardiocentesis was performed, and fluid analysis was often exudative in 3 pattern of hemorrhagic, serous, and serosanguinous. Medical treatment and follow-up are recommended, especially in cases of pericarditis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, more information on the nonrespiratory effects of the coronavirus is obtained. Cardiovascular complications, especially acute coronary syndromes, are rare. However, they prove to be effective factors in the mortality rate of COVID-19 subjects. Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction with a special angiographic pattern in the form of extensive and multivessel thrombosis, regardless of atherosclerotic plaques, has posed a new therapeutic challenge. This has been associated with an increase in the incidence of stent thrombosis. Hypercoagulation, due to severe inflammation, is the main pathology of this phenomenon. Technically, percutaneous coronary intervention with aspiration thrombectomy and injectable antiplatelet are the mainstay of treatment for these patients. In addition, it is vital that appropriate antiplatelet and ischemia treatment after the intervention be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the outbreak of the second peak of COVID-19 in many countries of the world, the symptoms and complications of this disease has received a great deal of attention. One of the most important known complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the occurrence of venous thromboembolic events, especially in critically ill patients who are hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The pathology of this event is complex and multifactorial, but the main problem now is the timely diagnosis of these phenomena, which can reduce the mortality and morbidity of patients. Deterioration of clinical condition in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection along with increased coagulation markers can increase clinical suspicion of venous thromboembolic events. Imaging techniques, especially computed tomography pulmonary angiography, can well solve this puzzle and lead to timely treatment of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]