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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of natural antimicrobials: nisin, cinnamon essential oil (CEO), ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and their combinations, on the shelf-life of emulsion-type cooked cured sausage stored under vacuum packaging, at 10 °C for a period of 42 days. The treatments of emulsion-type sausage were as the following: nisin 10 mg/kg (N), cinnamon essential oil 500 mg/kg (C), EDTA 300 mg/kg (E), nisin 10 mg/kg + cinnamon essential oil 500 mg/kg (N + C), EDTA 300 mg/kg + cinnamon essential oil 500 mg/kg (E + C), nisin 10 mg/kg + EDTA 300 mg/kg + cinnamon essential oil 500 mg/kg (N + E + C) and finally control (non-treated) sample. All samples were examined at days 1, 14, 28, 35 and 42 of storage for total count, LAB count, pH, sensory characteristics and objective color. The results showed that nisin and CEO treatments, increased sausages shelf life for 14 and 7 days respectively, whereas N + C and N + E + C treatments were not effective to extend shelf-life more than 7 and 14 days respectively, compared to the control samples. Although the EDTA alone was ineffective in inhibiting growth of LAB and total bacteria, shelf-life of the sausages treated with E + C and N + E were extended from 14 (control samples) to 35 days. This study indicated that combinations of natural antimicrobials were significantly effective on extension of product shelf-life. • Effect of natural antimicrobials on the shelf-life of cured sausage was evaluated. • Nisin and Cinnamon essential oil caused shelf life extension for 14 and 7 days. • Their combinations were not effective to extend shelf-life more than 14 days. • EDTA alone was inffective to extend sausages shelf-life extending. • Combination of EDTA and Cinnamon essential oil caused shelf life extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonfermented sausages, which have a pH of around 6.0, a low salt concentration, and high moisture with a water activity higher than 0.95, are highly perishable. In this study, culture-dependent techniques and 16S rDNA approaches were used to identify the presumptive spoilage lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sliced vacuum-packed cooked sausage during storage at 4°C. The antibacterial properties of essential oils (EOs) from the medicinal plants Carum carvi, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, Citrus medica, and Eugenia caryophyllata against isolated LAB were also investigated. A total of 106 colonies were obtained on de Man Rogosa Sharpe medium after storage of sausages samples, and 16 isolates were identified from conventional morphological analysis of the bacterial populations. DNA extraction and 16S rDNA analysis indicated that Lactobacillus curvatus, Weissella viridescens, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus dextrinicus, Lactobacillus sakei, and Pediococcus dextrinicus were the main spoilage LAB. The antibacterial properties of EOs against isolated LAB were indicated by inhibition zones on culture plates of 7.8 to 31 mm, depending on the susceptibility of the tested LAB strain. The MICs and MBCs of five EOs were determined. The most effective EO against the LAB was C. zeylanicum followed by C. carvi and C. medica, and the least effective EO was C. longa. The EO from C. zeylanicum had the highest antimicrobial activity (lowest MICs) against LAB, with EO MICs of 4.66 to 5.33 μL/mL. The most susceptible isolate was L. mesenteroides, with a MIC of 4.66 μL/mL for the C. zeylanicum EO. These data indicate that the EO from C. zeylanicum could be used as a natural preservative for vacuum-packed emulsion-type sausage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leiomyomas are benign cutaneous tumors of smooth muscle origin. Only a small percentage of leiomyomas arise in the head and neck region. We present the first case of leiomyoma arising in the sternothyroid muscle of the neck.Case Report: We analyze the clinical presentation, pathology, and histology for a single case study. The histologic findings of the tumor located in the sternothyroid muscle support the diagnosis of leiomyoma.Discussion: This is the first case of leiomyoma arising in the sternothyroid muscle, and only the second reported case of leiomyoma in the strap muscles of the neck.Conclusion: Leiomyoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors in the head and neck region. A histological analysis is essential in determining both tumor type and subtype, which will inform the proper course of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While intraosseous tumors of the pediatric sinonasal tract are rare and tend to be slow growing, they can be locally aggressive and have a tendency to recur. Due to the possibility of devastating outcomes secondary to mass effect, it is important for physicians to promptly diagnose and properly manage these tumors. We report an extremely rare case of a desmoplastic fibroma of the ethmoid sinus in a pediatric patient and review its clinical findings, methods of diagnosis, and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aims of this study are to describe the radiological appearance of two common odontogenic lesions (keratocystic odontogenic tumor and ameloblastoma) arising in the same patient simultaneously with their radiological differences and histological correlates, and to describe challenges in radiological diagnosis.Design: Single case report.Setting: Tertiary referral center.Participants: Forty-one year-old African-American male patient.Main Outcome Measure: Lesion appearance on computed tomography (CT) scan and pathological correlates.Results: A 41year-old African-American male presented with asymptomatic right maxillary swelling. A CT scan of the maxillofacial skeleton showed and expansile and cystic lesion of the right hemimaxilla with trabecular osseous expansion, and a left cystic lesion in the left hemimaxilla expanding into the pterygopalatine fossa. Biopsy confirmed the suspected diagnoses of right ameloblastoma and left keratocystic odontogenic tumor.Conclusion: Although they are among the most common odontogenic tumors, the presence of concurrent ameloblastoma and KOT is an exceedingly rare occurrence in the same patient. The appearance on CT scan may help in distinguishing ameloblastoma from KOT by looking at bone expansion and high density areas, although the gold standard diagnostic test remains open biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To track the publication fate of rejected Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (JVIR) manuscript submissions. Materials and Methods: All manuscripts submitted to JVIR for consideration in 2004, but subsequently rejected, were retrospectively evaluated. The PubMed database was searched for subsequent manuscript publication. Manuscript type, journal type and title, publication delay, journal publication volume, journal circulation volume, and journal impact factor were evaluated. Results: Two hundred thirteen of the 366 rejected JVIR submissions (58%) were subsequently published in 72 different journals as of December 15, 2007. Fifty-five of the published manuscripts (26%) were revised resubmissions to JVIR and 45 (21%) were published in Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, with 113 manuscripts published in other journals. The mean time from manuscript rejection to subsequent publication was 15.5 months. Half of the 366 rejected manuscripts were ultimately published within 25 months. Conclusions: A majority of rejected JVIR mauscripts were ultimately published. Rejection of a manuscript by JVIR does not preclude publication. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell neoplasm of the soft tissues characterized by the presence of a single, discrete lesion without evidence of systemic disease. Extramedullary plasmacytoma may disseminate into multiple myeloma, a systemic plasma cell disease.Methods: A rare case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the cricoid cartilage with solitary plasmacytoma of the rib was reviewed.Results: The patient was found to have two discrete lesions; one of the cricoid cartilage and one of the lateral left fifth rib. Despite the presence of multiple tumors, the patient was not diagnosed with multiple myeloma as the bone marrow appeared normal.Conclusions: Due to the rarity of these neoplasms and the unusual localization of the extramedullary plasmacytoma tumor, a definitive diagnosis was difficult to make in this case. This case may be instructive for the differential diagnosis of laryngeal lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carcinoma arising within a thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is exceedingly uncommon, occurring in about 1% of TGDC (Chrisoulidou et al., 2013 [1]). Since the first description of TGDC carcinoma in 1911 by Brentano, approximately 200 cases have been reported in the world literature, mostly as single case reports making its true incidence difficult to determine (Hanna, 1996 [2]). There are numerous reports in the literature of papillary and follicular TGDC carcinoma, but only limited reports of squamous cell carcinoma. In order for a lesion to qualify as squamous cell carcinoma of a TGDC, the lesion must arise from the epithelial lining. Recognition and understanding of this entity are important in staging and planning of treatment. Exclusion of primary squamous cell carcinoma arising from an adjacent structure or metastatic central compartment nodal disease is important in the evaluation for diagnosis to be confirmed. A thorough work up should be undertaken to exclude other primary malignancies that may have metastasized. We present a unique case of squamous cell carcinoma, along with supporting pathology and radiology imaging. We then review this rare entity and provide some insight into the diagnosis and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that anatomic visible-light photographs can be catalogued using a system primarily intended for viewing radiographic images. One hundred four patients from April 2004 through November 2005 were evaluated for lower extremity venous insufficiency, lower extremity varicose veins, and/or telangiectasias. All consultation reports, duplex ultrasound reports with images, and lower extremity photographic images were archived in the radiology department’s picture archiving and communication system. The picture archiving and communication system provides an electronic alternative to using a conventional, manual, or analog method of storing photographic images. Use of a picture archiving and communication system for the archiving of photographic images can be a valuable tool for an interventional radiologist’s vein practice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses a position statement on injection safety and the use of single dose and single use vials which was released by the Society of Interventional Radiology. A discussion of the differences between single dose and single use vials, and of concerns which have been raised over drug vial contamination, is presented. In the article the authors offer their thoughts on single dose and single use vials and discuss their role in drug shortages and increased drug costs.

Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) is a rare soft tissue tumor, and EES of the head and neck is particularly rare. Radiographic imaging of these lesions is crucial given their anatomical complexity and infrequent incidence. Conventional EES imaging features include a large, hyperintense, heterogeneously enhancing lesion, with frequent invasion of local structures. In this case report, a 19-year old male presented with left facial swelling and pain. He underwent sclerotherapy and bleomycin treatment for a presumed lymphatic malformation. Initial imaging demonstrated a rim-enhancing lesion within the left buccal space with no muscle invasion or bony erosion present. Two years later, imaging identified an enlarging buccal mass with destruction of the zygomatic arch and inferolateral orbital wall. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass. Pathology confirmed the mass to be a small round blue cell tumor and FISH testing confirmed the presence of the EWSR1 gene arrangement that is consistent with EES. The patient tolerated the procedure well and underwent chemoradiation therapy. At three years postoperatively, the patient remains disease free. The presented case demonstrates an unusual presentation of a buccal space EES as a rim-enhancing, centrally hypointense mass with no bony erosion or muscular invasion. The location and atypical imaging appearance of this case offer insight for future diagnosis of EES. • Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) is rarely observed in the buccal space. • Our case showed an atypical appearance with rim enhancement and no adjacent invasion at initial presentation. • On rare occasions, extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma may present as a benign-appearing mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Objectives: Radiation induced cranial nerve palsy (RICNP) involving the lower cranial nerves (CNs) is a serious complication of head and neck radiotherapy (RT). Recommendations for delineating the lower CNs on RT planning studies do not exist. The aim of the current study is to develop a standardized methodology for contouring CNs IX–XII, which would help in establishing RT limiting doses for organs at risk (OAR). Methods: Using anatomic texts, radiologic data, and guidance from experts in head and neck anatomy, we developed step-by-step instructions for delineating CNs IX–XII on computed tomography (CT) imaging. These structures were then contoured on five consecutive patients who underwent definitive RT for locally-advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC). RT doses delivered to the lower CNs were calculated. Results: We successfully developed a contouring atlas for CNs IX–XII. The median total dose to the planning target volume (PTV) was 70Gy (range: 66–70Gy). The median CN (IX–XI) and (XII) volumes were 10c.c (range: 8–12c.c) and 8c.c (range: 7–10c.c), respectively. The median V50, V60, V66, and V70 of the CN (IX–XI) and (XII) volumes were (85, 77, 71, 65) and (88, 80, 74, 64) respectively. The median maximal dose to the CN (IX–XI) and (XII) were 72Gy (range: 66–77) and 71Gy (range: 64–78), respectively. Conclusions: We have generated simple instructions for delineating the lower CNs on RT planning imaging. Further analyses to explore the relationship between lower CN dosing and the risk of RICNP are recommended in order to establish limiting doses for these OARs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional acinic cell carcinoma (CACC) represents a prototypical low-grade salivary malignancy. Rarely, acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) can demonstrate aggressive features (zones of necrosis, apoptosis, varying nuclear atypia) warranting classification as "ACC with high-grade transformation" (HGT-ACC) or "dedifferentiated" ACC. This study reports ten new cases of HGT-ACC. There is potential for subtlety in recognizing high-grade transformation and distinguishing discrete nodules of necrosis from cytology aspiration changes. We compared immunohistochemical (IHC) profiles, specifically β-catenin (bCAT) and cyclin D1 expression, which have been touted as potentially helpful in this context. We quantified morphology (primary axis nucleus, nuclear area and perimeter) in HGT-ACC and CACC. Clinical outcome is known for eight HGT-ACC patients; three patients developed locoregional or distant metastases, five remained disease-free. Nine of ten HGT-ACC expressed strong, diffuse, membranous bCAT. CACC demonstrated lower intensity of membranous bCAT expression. Strong, diffuse nuclear cyclin D1 was seen in five of ten HGT-ACC whereas no CACC demonstrated cyclin D1 with distribution greater than 50 %. The quantified nuclear morphologic features of CACC and HGT-ACC demonstrated overlapping means values. Maximum values for nuclear primary axis, area, and perimeter were greater for HGT-ACC versus CACC, corresponding to a subpopulation of larger tumor cells in HGT-ACC. The poor outcome associated with HGT-ACC justifies its recognition, which should alter surgical approach with respect to elective neck dissection or possible facial nerve sacrifice. With respect to ancillary IHC studies, strong, diffuse membranous bCAT expression, with or without strong nuclear cyclin D1 ≥ 50 % distribution or Ki67 index ≥ 25 % supports this diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background context : Although cervical spine reconstruction with osteocutaneous fibular flap microvascular grafting has been described, simultaneous reconstruction of the cervical vertebral column and laryngectomy have not been described. Purpose: To present a unique case of combined cervical spine and laryngectomy reconstruction. Study design: Case report. Methods: We modified a previously reported procedure reconstituting the cervical spine and pharynx with a single fibular flap in a case of posterior pharyngeal ulceration and osteomyelitis/osteoradionecrosis without spinal deformity. Results: We present a case of simultaneous cervical stabilization and pharynx reconstruction with a fibular graft in a life-saving treatment of osteoradionecrosis complicated by acute cervical kyphosis and spinal cord compression in a 55-year-old patient with extensive head and neck cancer history and recent recurrence of hypopharyngeal cancer. Conclusions: Rigid anterior plate fixation and subsequent posterior fixation were required after corpectomy and total laryngectomy in our patient with extensive surgical scarring and radiation history because of severe spinal deformity secondary to osteoradionecrosis. We achieved successful preservation of neurologic function and resolution of pain. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]