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Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used pain and fever reliever, is a major contributor to drug-induced liver injury, as its toxic metabolites such as NAPQI induce oxidative stress and hepatic necrosis. While N -acetylcysteine serves as the primary treatment for APAP-induced liver injury (AILI), its efficacy is confined to a narrow window of 8–24 h post-APAP overdose. Beyond this window, liver transplantation emerges as the final recourse, prompting ongoing research to pinpoint novel therapeutic targets aimed at enhancing AILI treatment outcomes. Nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjurin1; Ninj1), initially recognized as an adhesion molecule, has been implicated in liver damage stemming from factors like TNFα and ischemia-reperfusion. Nonetheless, its role in oxidative stress-related liver diseases, including AILI, remains unexplored. In this study, we observed up-regulation of Ninj1 expression in the livers of both human DILI patients and the AILI mouse model. Through the utilization of Ninj1 null mice, hepatocyte-specific Ninj1 KO mice, and myeloid-specific Ninj1 KO mice, we unveiled that the loss of Ninj1 in hepatocytes, rather than myeloid cells, exerts alleviative effects on AILI irrespective of sex dependency. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated that Ninj1 deficiency shields hepatocytes from APAP-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and cell death by bolstering NRF2 stability via activation of AMPKα. In summary, our findings imply that Ninj1 likely plays a role in AILI, and its deficiency confers protection against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through the AMPKα-NRF2 pathway. [Display omitted] • Loss of Ninjurin1 in hepatocytes alleviated acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI). • Ninjurin1 of myeloid cells did not affect AILI. • Ninjurin1 deficiency reduced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. • Protective effects of Ninjurin1 deficiency in AILI was through AMPKα-NRF2 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using low- or zero-carbon fuels is necessary to reduce CO 2 emissions. Gas reburning technology can be applied to existing coal boilers to reduce not only CO 2 but also NO x emissions. In this study, we confirmed the gas reburning effect using lab-scale equipment based on the consumption coal used in real-scale boilers, with the aim of practical application. Bituminous coal was used as the reference fuel, and sub-bituminous coal was blended to determine whether coal blending has an effect on NO x emissions. This was conducted to optimize the coal blending ratio and gas reburning technology for NO x emission reduction and quantify the NO x reduction by the two methods. Blending sub-bituminous coal reduced the unburned carbon (UBC) content, because of its high volatile matter content. Moreover, NO x emissions decreased as the ratio of sub-bituminous coal increased. In terms of the reburning effect, although UBCs increased with the addition of methane, NO x emission decreased by up to 96.05 %. The conversion ratio, defined as the NO x formation ratio of the total fuel N injection, was used to separate the NO x reduction effects of the two methods. Thus, gas reburning in the ammonia co-firing system of coal-fired power plants can significantly reduce NO x emissions. • NO x reduction by coal blending and reburning were described separately using CR. • Methane reburning can dramatically reduce NOx emissions. • Reburning gives insight for NOx reduction during ammonia co-firing plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circulating fluidized bed boiler is environmentally friendly technology in power generation. However, agglomeration related operational standard has not been established yet. As a basis of establishing standard, the fixed bed agglomeration mechanism of bed inventory was investigated. The melting temperature reduction occurred with induced change of alkali metal compositions. The melting temperature reduction result in viscous surface on particles and ease of being agglomerated. The temperature reduction appeared more clearly in silica sand than bottom ash. This was caused by the high SiO 2 composition of the sand and alkali silica reaction occurred because activated alkali compositions were reacted with SiO 2 forming alkali silicates. Further analyses of agglomerates produced in bubbling fluidized bed reactor were conducted. The expected agglomeration effect has similar trend with melting temperature reduction. And the agglomeration effect appeared more in silica sand because of high SiO 2 composition and sodium was more effective in forming agglomerates than potassium. Therefore, bottom ash can replace silica sand as bed material in CFB boiler. And sodium composition must be managed more strictly than potassium composition. • Bed material compositional change during fluidized bed combustion process. • Viscosity and agglomeration by melting point reduction with alkali metal. • Effect of agglomeration compared in compositions on fluidized bed condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important prognostic factor for outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The dispatcher-assisted (DA) bystander CPR program has increased the rate of bystander CPR by targeting bystanders with a lower level of CPR training. We evaluated the effects of dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR and self-led bystander CPR.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using a nationwide OHCA database from 2014 to 2018. Adult EMS-treated OHCA patients with presumed cardiac origin were enrolled. OHCAs were classified into 3 groups according to the type of bystander CPR (DA bystander CPR vs. self-led bystander CPR vs. no bystander CPR) provided. The primary outcome was good neurologic recovery at hospital discharge. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between the type of bystander CPR and outcomes.Results: A total of 91,557 eligible OHCA patients was enrolled in the final analysis. The proportion of patients with favorable neurologic outcomes was highest with self-led bystander CPR (9.0% for self-led bystander CPR, 5.2% for DA bystander CPR and 3.2% for no bystander CPR, p < 0.01). Self-led bystander CPR was associated with better neurological recovery than DA bystander CPR (aOR with 95% CI (DA-CPR as reference): 0.63 (0.58-0.69) for no bystander CPR, 1.28 (1.17-1.40) for self-led bystander CPR).Conclusion: Although DA CPR was associated with better neurologic outcomes than no bystander CPR, good neurologic outcomes were most strongly associated with self-led bystander CPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]