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• Overall body dissatisfaction was comparable for pregnant and non-pregnant women. • However, pregnant women were more dissatisfied with some functional aspects of their body. • Network analysis showed that areas of concern cluster together similarly across groups. • Even so, several areas of concern were more or less influential for pregnant women. The objective of the present study was to compare body dissatisfaction of pregnant (n = 1245 overall; n = 320 trimester 1, n = 497 trimester 2, n = 428 trimester 3) and non-pregnant (n = 547) women in terms of: (a) global dissatisfaction, (b) dissatisfaction with specific body parts/features, and (c) strength of inter-relation among these areas of dissatisfaction. While ANOVAs revealed small group differences in overall body dissatisfaction ratings for appearance and function, more sizable differences were observed at the item level. Network analysis showed that the dissatisfaction items clustered together in similar ways across groups, but that the relative importance of these items for the networks differed by group. In particular, dissatisfaction with chest was much less connected to other areas of dissatisfaction for pregnant women, whilst dissatisfaction with shape and/or weight were more strongly connected to other items for this group. Body function items were less important in the network for non-pregnant women. Findings support earlier qualitative findings suggesting that pregnant women are concerned with both appearance and functioning of their bodies. More broadly, information gleaned at the item level highlights the value in exploring areas of dissatisfaction that may increase understanding of global dissatisfaction ratings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives Overweight and obesity during pregnancy is a risk to the health of mother and child. Midwives can modify this key risk factor by providing weight management interventions to women before and during pregnancy. This study investigated social cognitive determinants of pre-clinical student midwives' intention to provide weight management intervention in preconception and antenatal clinical contexts. Social cognitive determinants from the theory of planned behaviour (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control) and self-determination theory (autonomous motivation) were used to predict pre-clinical students' intentions once they enter practice. Method The sample was 183 female pre-clinical student midwives from 17 Australian universities (age range = 18–54 years). Participants received a cross-sectional questionnaire that measured demographic items, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and autonomous motivation towards providing weight management intervention at two different stages of pregnancy — preconception and antenatal. Results Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control accounted for 56% of intention to provide weight management interventions to women planning pregnancy; however, the addition of autonomous motivation was non-significant. In contrast, attitudes and subjective norms (but not perceived behavioural control) accounted for 39% of intention to provide weight management interventions to women during pregnancy. Furthermore, the addition of autonomous motivation to the model was significant and accounted for an additional 3.1% of variance being explained. Implications and Conclusions Curriculum changes that support and increase pre-clinical student midwives' intention should focus on these specific correlates of intention in order to foster long term changes in clinical practice. Changes to the education and training of midwives should be carefully considered to understand their impact on these important determinants of intention to engage in this critical clinical skill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many government strategies to reduce the spread of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) involved unprecedented restrictions on personal movement, disrupting social and economic norms. Although generally well-received in Australia, community frustration regarding these restrictions appeared to diverge across political lines. Therefore, we examined the unique effects of the ideological subfactors of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA; Aggression, Submission and Conventionalism) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO; Dominance and Anti-egalitarianism) in predicting perceived personal threat of COVID-19, and support for and reactance to government restrictions, in Australian residents across two separate samples (S1 N = 451, S2 N = 838). COVID-19 threat was positively predicted by Submission, and negatively by Conventionalism, and Anti-egalitarianism. Support for restrictions was also positively predicted by Submission, and negatively by Conventionalism, Dominance, and Anti-egalitarianism. Reactance to government restrictions was negatively predicted by Submission, and positively by Conventionalism, Dominance, and Anti-egalitarianism. These findings suggest that right-wing ideological subfactors contribute to the one's perception of COVID-19 threat and government restrictions differentially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The normative definition of veganism is more permissive than absolutist. • Substantial variability exists in individual definitions of veganism. • Giving participants definitions may reduce measurement error. • Less strict definition may help people in the future engage with veganism. Veganism is an increasingly popular identity within Western societies, including Australia. However, there appears to be a positivist approach to defining veganism in the literature. This has implications for measurement and coherence of the research literature. This exploratory study assessed preference rankings for definitions of veganism used by vegan advocacy groups across an Australian convenience sample of three dietary groups (vegan = 230, omnivore = 117, vegetarian = 43). Participants were also asked to explain their ranking order in an open-ended question. Most vegans selected the UK definition as their first preference, omnivores underwent five rounds of preference reallocation before the Irish definition was selected, and vegetarians underwent four rounds before the UK definition was selected. A reflexive thematic analysis of participant explanations for their rankings identified four themes: (1) Diet vs. lifestyle, (2) Absolutism, (3) Social justice, and (4) Animal justice. These four themes represent how participants had differing perceptions of veganism according to their personal experience and understanding of the term. It appears participants took less of an absolutist approach to the definition and how individuals conceptualise veganism may be more dynamic than first expected. This will be important when researchers consider how veganism is defined in future studies to maintain consistency in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dark Tetrad (D4) traits have been shown to influence both perpetration and victimisation of dating related anti-social behaviours. To inform prevention and intervention measures against these behaviours, it is important to understand how persons with elevated D4 traits search for partners and what aspects of dating they appraise as positive versus negative. This study aims to qualitatively explore the role of personality in dating experiences; specifically, preference for dating platform and perceived dating outcomes in those with elevated D4 traits. In total, 480 adults from Australia, (288 women, 186 men, and 6 non-binary) aged 18– 70 years (M = 29.51, SD = 12.82), took part in an online qualitative and quantitative survey. Participants with elevated traits of psychopathy, narcissism and sadism showed a greater preference for meeting people offline. Applying template analysis, we generated three themes for positive experiences: finding a new partner, connecting with others, and material and personal benefits. For negative experiences, we identified four themes: not being able to find a partner, misrepresentation, online and in-person victimisation, and difficulties with navigating close relationships. Whilst persons with elevated D4 traits value connecting with others, they dislike deceptive dating practices and often perceive themselves to be victimised in online and offline settings. Future studies should investigate whether dating experiences differ across individuals who score within elevated versus lower range on D4 traits. • Elevated scores on some of the D4 traits are linked to preferences for offline dating. • Men with elevated D4 traits reported sexual experiences as positive aspects of dating. • Social approval/emotional validation was appraised as a positive dating outcome. • Women with elevated D4 traits reported instances of online and offline victimisation. • Elevated D4 traits linked to rejection sensitivity and broader relationship issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]