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Electrical microcurrent therapy (EMT) consists of the application of low intensity (μA) currents that are similar to endogenous electric fields generated during wound healing. To examine the effectiveness and safety of EMT for improving wound healing and pain in people with acute or chronic wounds. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of EMT in wound healing published up to August 1st, 2020 were included. The main outcomes were wound surface area, healing time, and number of wounds healed. Secondary outcomes were pain perception and adverse events. A quantitative analysis was conducted using the inverse variance and Mantel-Haenszel methods. Eight RCTs were included in the qualitative summary and seven in the quantitative analysis (n = 337 participants). EMT plus standard wound care (SWC) produced a greater decrease in wound surface [mean difference (MD) = -8.3 cm2; CI 95%: −10.5 to −6.0] and healing time (MD = -7.0 days; CI 95%: −11.9 to −2.1) that SWC alone, showing moderate and low certainty in the evidence, respectively. However, no differences were observed in the number of healed wounds [risk ratio = 2.0; CI 95%: 0.5 to 9.1], with very low quality of evidence. EMT decreased perceived pain (MD = -1.4; CI 95%: −2.7 to −0.2), but no differences in adverse effects were noted between groups (risk difference = 0.05; CI 95%: −0.06 to 0.17). EMT is an effective, safe treatment for improving wound area, healing time, and pain. Further clinical trials that include detailed intervention parameters and protocols should be designed to lower the risk of bias. • First meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of external microcurrents devices. • Microcurrents are more effective than standard wound care alone. • Microcurrents are effective and safe in improving wound area, healing time, and pain. • Microcurrents can be equally effective as negative pressure wound therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spanish university students show low adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). • MedDiet was positively associated with academic achievement (AA). • Olive oil, vegetables, legumes, and fish suggest a positive association with AA. • Public health must emphasize MedDiet in all stages of age. The objective was to assess the association of the overall score and different items of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire with academic achievement in Spanish university students. We hypothesized that university students with greater adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) would have better academic achievement. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 266 first-year students from the University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, during the 2017–2018 academic year. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the 14-item MEDAS questionnaire. As an indicator variable for academic achievement, the average marks of the examinations required for access to Spanish universities were used. A total of 63 participants (23.6%) adhered to MedDiet recommendations. Analysis of covariance models showed that participants with higher adherence to the MedDiet had significantly higher scores on academic achievement than their peers with low adherence (P <.001) after controlling for potential confounders. Additionally, the evaluation of each item of the MEDAS questionnaire showed that a diet rich in olive oil, vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish and shellfish, and a low consumption of sweets and carbonated beverages were positively associated with academic achievement; nevertheless, wine intake was inversely associated. This study showed that Spanish university students had a low prevalence of good adherence to the MedDiet. Additionally, our results suggested that higher adherence to the MedDiet is associated with better academic achievement in Spanish university students. From a public health perspective and because of low adherence, it is important to continue to focus on promoting adherence to the MedDiet as part of a healthy lifestyle pattern to improve the academic performance of young university students. Our cross-sectional study from 266 Spanish university students reveals that 76.4% had low adherence to the MedDiet. High adherence to the MedDiet was positively associated with academic achievement independent of potential confounders. Olive oil, vegetables, legumes, fish or shellfish, and low consumption of sweets and carbonated beverages were positively associated with academic achievement. Wine was negatively associated with academic achievement. Abbreviation: MedDiet, Mediterranean diet. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is overwhelming evidence regarding the beneficial effects of exercise on the management of symptoms, functionality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, few analyze have compared different types of exercise. The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to assess which type of physical exercise has the greatest positive effect on HRQoL in people with MS. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from inception to June 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of physical exercise on HRQoL in people with MS. The NMA included pairwise and indirect comparisons. We ranked the effect of interventions calculating the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA). We included 45 RCTs in this NMA (2428 participants; 76% women; mean age 45 years). Five types of physical exercises were ranked. Sensorimotor training had the highest effect size (0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60; 1.15) and the highest SUCRA (87%) for total HRQoL. The highest effect size and SUCRA for physical and mental HRQoL were for aerobic exercise (0.85, 95% CI 0.28; 1.42) (89%) and mind-body exercises (0.54, 95% CI 0.03; 1.06) (89%). Sensorimotor training was the best exercise for mild disease and aerobic exercise for severe disease for total HRQoL. Sensorimotor training seems the most effective exercise to improve HRQoL and aerobic and mind-body exercises to improve physical and mental HRQoL, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]