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• Country variations in COVID-19 policy interventions are understood by applying collective action theory. • Through comparison with other large-scale collective action problems, insights on COVID-19 policies are gained. • Reciprocal trust is a relevant factor when analyzing policy responses to the pandemic worldwide. In this article we apply a large-scale collective action framework on the spread of the COVID-19 virus. We compare the pandemic with other large-scale collective action problems – such as climate change, antimicrobial resistance and biodiversity loss – which are identified by the number of actors involved (the more actors, the larger the scale); the problem's complexity; and the spatial and temporal distance between the actors causing and being affected by the problem. The greater the extent of these characteristics, the larger the scale of the collective action problem and the smaller the probability of spontaneous collective action. We argue that by unpacking the social dilemma logic underlying the spread of the COVID-19 virus, we can better understand the great variation in policy responses worldwide, e.g., why some countries are adopting harsher policies and enforcing them, while others tend to rely more on recommendations. We claim that one key factor is trust and, more precisely, reciprocal trust, both horizontally among people and also vertically between people and their governments – and vice versa. Citizens must trust that the recommendations they receive from the public authorities are correct, that these are in their (or the collective's) best interest, and that most others will follow the recommendations. Simultaneously, government authorities must trust that their citizens will transform the recommendations into collective action. When this situation is present, we argue that governments enjoy a large degree of collective action capital, which potentially open up for a wider palette of policy options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies computational linguistics learning methods to the banking industry and climate change fields. We introduce our data-driven framework, climateBUG, with the aim of detecting latent information about how banks discuss their activities related to climate change using natural language processing (NLP). This framework consists of an ingestion pipeline, a configurable database, and a set of API's. In addition, climateBUG offers two standalone components, namely a unique annotated corpus of approximately 1.1M statements from EU banks' annual and sustainability reporting and a deep learning model adapted to the semantics of the corpus. When benchmarking on classification performance, our model outperforms other models with similar scopes due to its stronger domain relevance. We also provide examples of how the framework can be applied from a user perspective. • A data-driven framework to detect qualitative information in banks' annual reporting. • Natural language processing is applied to non-financial reporting and sustainability. • Framework developed with an interdisciplinary approach and relevant domain knowledge. • Framework includes annotated data and learning model as standalone components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy (GW-pUPD) is a rarely recognised disorder. The phenotypic manifestations of multilocus imprinting defects (MLIDs) remain unclear. We report of an apparently non-syndromic infant with severe congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) and diffuse pancreatic labelling by 18F*-DOPA-PET/CT leading to near-total pancreatectomy. The histology was atypical with pronounced proliferation of endocrine cells comprising >70% of the pancreatic tissue and a small pancreatoblastoma. Routine genetic analysis for CHI was normal in the blood and resected pancreatic tissue. At two years' age, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) stigmata emerged, and at five years a liver tumour with focal nodular hyperplasia and an adrenal tumour were resected. pUPD was detected in 11p15 and next in the entire chromosome 11 with microsatellite markers. Quantitative fluorescent PCR with amplification of chromosome-specific DNA sequences for chromosomes 13, 18, 21 and X indicated GW-pUPD. A next generation sequencing panel with 303 SNPs on 21 chromosomes showed pUPD in both blood and pancreatic tissue. The mosaic distribution of GW-pUPD ranged from 31 to 35% in blood and buccal swap to 74% in the resected pancreas, 80% in a non-tumour liver biopsy, and 100% in the liver focal nodular hyperplasia and adrenal tumour. MLID features included transient conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia and lack of macrosomia from BWS (pUPD6); and behavioural and psychomotor manifestations of Angelman Syndrome (pUPD15) on follow-up. In conclusion, atypical pancreatic histology in apparently non-syndromic severe CHI patients may be the first clue to BWS and multi-syndromal CHI from GW-pUPD. Variations in the degree of mosaicism between tissues explained the phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]