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Aquilaria Lam. is a remarkable genus that produces agarwood, which is widely used as an herbal medicine, perfume, and incense sticks, as well as in interior decoration. However, illegal harvesting pose threats to endangered Aquilaria species, and the adulteration in agarwood products causes potential medical safety. In this study, 306 authentic sequences of five candidate barcodes (ITS, mat K, psb A- trn H, rbc L, and trn L- trn F) downloaded from GenBank and 330 sequences taken from our samples were collected to establish a DNA barcode reference dataset for 11 species of Aquilaria listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Machine learning approaches, including BLOG, Naïve Bayes, SMO, Jrip, and J48, were compared with distance-based (TaxonDNA) and tree-based (neighbor-joining tree [NJ tree]) methods based on the accuracy of discrimination across the five single barcodes and their combinations. The results indicated that BLOG and SMO could successfully identify the six species of Aquilaria with ITS + mat K, ITS + rbc L, and ITS + trn L- trn F. However, when TaxonDNA and the NJ tree were used, only ITS + mat K could identify these six species. Additionally, greater species resolution was found in machine learning approaches (16.67%−66.67%) compared with classical methods (0–50%) in managing low variation barcodes, such as psb A- trn H, and chloroplast-locus combinations. Compared with traditional analytical methods, machine learning approaches are reliable and efficient tools for DNA barcoding analysis of Aquilaria , which can be utilized to combat the adulteration of agarwood products and facilitate the conservation of Aquilaria species. [Display omitted] • Five DNA barcodes and their combinations were selected for discriminating Aquilaria species. • MLAs, distance- and tree-based methods were assessed for the DNA barcoding of Aquilaria species. • The BLOG and SMO of MLAs could accurately identify Aquilaria species with extensive barcodes. • MLAs performed better in dealing with low variation barcodes and chloroplast-locus combinations. • ITS + mat K, ITS + rbc L and ITS + trn L- trn F are suitable barcodes for identifying Aquilaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to verify the feasibility and accuracy of a contour registration-based augmented reality (AR) system in jaw surgery. An AR system was developed to display the interaction between virtual planning and images of the surgical site in real time. Several trials were performed with the guidance of the AR system and the surgical guide. The postoperative cone beam CT (CBCT) data were matched with the preoperatively planned data to evaluate the accuracy of the system by comparing the deviations in distance and angle. All procedures were performed successfully. In nine model trials, distance and angular deviations for the mandible, reconstructed fibula, and fixation screws were 1.62 ± 0.38 mm, 1.86 ± 0.43 mm, 1.67 ± 0.70 mm, and 3.68 ± 0.71°, 5.48 ± 2.06°, 7.50 ± 1.39°, respectively. In twelve animal trials, results of the AR system were compared with the surgical guide. Distance deviations for the bilateral condylar outer poles were 0.93 ± 0.63 mm and 0.81 ± 0.30 mm, respectively (p = 0.68). Distance deviations for the bilateral mandibular posterior angles were 2.01 ± 2.49 mm and 2.89 ± 1.83 mm, respectively (p = 0.50). Distance and angular deviations for the mandible were 1.41 ± 0.61 mm, 1.21 ± 0.18 mm (p = 0.45), and 6.81 ± 2.21°, 6.11 ± 2.93° (p = 0.65), respectively. Distance and angular deviations for the reconstructed tibiofibular bones were 0.88 ± 0.22 mm, 0.84 ± 0.18 mm (p = 0.70), and 6.47 ± 3.03°, 6.90 ± 4.01° (p = 0.84), respectively. This study proposed a contour registration-based AR system to assist surgeons in intuitively observing the surgical plan intraoperatively. The trial results indicated that this system had similar accuracy to the surgical guide. • The presented system is based on the registration of teeth and jaw contour features. • It offers a method of artificially adding surface features to the fibula for use in construction. • It can shorten operation time, improve operation safety, and accurately repair and reconstruct mandibular defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maritime industry is facing increasing challenges due to decarbonization requirements, trade disruptions, and geoeconomic fragmentation, such as International Maritime Organization (IMO) sets out clear framework to reach net zero emissions by 2050, Russia-Ukraine war disrupted maritime activities in the Black and Azov seas, and increased trade tensions between the United States and China. To enhance their sustainability, operational efficiency, and competitiveness, maritime organizations are therefore very keen to build big data analytics capability (BDAC). However, various barriers, mean that only a handful are able to do so. We adopt a mixed-method approach to analyze these barriers. Thematic analysis is used to identify five categories of barriers and 16 individual barriers based on empirical data collected from 26 maritime organizations. These are then prioritized using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), followed by total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) to understand their interrelationships. Finally, cross-impact matrix multiplications applied to classification (MICMAC) is employed to differentiate the role of each barrier based on its driving and dependence power. This paper makes several theoretical contributions. First, China's hierarchical cultural value orientation encourages competition and obedience to rules, resulting in unwillingness to share knowledge, lack of coordination, and lack of error correction mechanisms. These cultural barriers hinder BDAC development. Second, organizational learning category barriers are found to be the most important in impeding BDAC development. This study also raises practitioners' awareness of the need to tackle cultural and organizational learning barriers. • Identifying, ranking, linking, and categorizing BDAC development barriers • 16 barriers to BDAC development of maritime industry were identified. • Cultural and organizational learning related barriers found to be critical to BDAC development. • Allocating barriers into different layers of a framework to understand their interactions • Differentiating the barrier's role based on its driving and dependence power [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complex intraplate deformation sequence since the Cretaceous is recorded in the basin–mountain belt along the South China continental margin and provides a critical window to reconstruct the paleostress regime since the Cretaceous and further explore the relationship between the intraplate deformation episodes in South China and the dynamic changes in Izanagi-Pacific subduction. Here, integrating the clues from the field investigation, fault-slip inversion, and zircon U–Pb chronology in four regions along the basin–mountain belt reveals six paleostress regimes on the South China margin, listed in order of decreasing age: E‒W extension (ca. 145-120 Ma), NW‒SE extension (ca. 120-105 Ma), NW‒SE compression (ca. 105-100 Ma), N–S extension (ca. 100-65 Ma), NE‒SW compression (ca. 65-55 Ma), and NE‒SW extension (ca. < 55 Ma). The four extensional regimes controlled regional subsidence and sedimentation, resulting in NW-striking and E–W-striking alignments of Early and Late Cretaceous basins, respectively. In comparison, the two compressional regimes produced two regional unconformities between the Early and Late Cretaceous strata and between the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene strata. Our results suggest that the prevailing Cretaceous extension in South China likely started at ca. 145 Ma, reversed due to short-term compression, and restarted at ca. 100 Ma. By comparing the history of the Izanagi-Pacific plate subduction, we conclude that the dynamic changes in the subduction process have been the primary force driving intraplate deformation in South China since the Cretaceous. • Six stress regimes are recognized by fault-slip inversion in South China. • Four long-term extensional phases and two short-term compressional ones alternated. • The intraplate deformation was caused by dynamic subduction changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance The dried ripe seeds of Nux Vomica ( Strychnos nux-vomica L.), a traditional Chinese medicine, have been used to treat multifarious symptoms. However, the clinical applications of Nux Vomica are limited by its severe toxicity. In this study, Nux Vomica was subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabonomics and pathological examination to determine relevant biomarkers in target organs and to explain the underlying toxicity mechanism. Materials and method Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups of twelve rats. The control group was oral gavaged with distilled water, and two experiment groups were treated with Nux Vomica at a dose of 0.315 and 0.630 g/kg body weight. On days 14 and 21, serum, urine, liver and kidney tissues were collected for histopathological examination, biochemical analysis and 1 H-NMR analysis. Results The metabolites changes of rats treated with Nux Vomica are obviously differ from that of controls. In serum, low-dose group compared with control shows the significantly changes included elevated concentration of glucose, TMAO, and creatine, with decreased lipids, 3-HB, lactate, and unsaturated fatty acid. Change in taurine was only observed in the separation comparison of high-dose group and control. In urine, the variation metabolites included elevations in glucose, creatine, and TMAO as well as decreased lactate, succinate, α-ketoglutaric acid, citrate and hippurate in low-dose group compared with control. Only alanine and creatine were decreased significantly in high-dose group compared with control. Conclusion Nux Vomica induced disruptions in glycolysis, lipid and amino acid metabolism, and toxic effects were aggravated in liver and kidney tissues as dosing time was prolonged. 1 H NMR-based metabonomics combined with biochemical and histopathological methods can be applied to elucidate the toxicity mechanism of Nux Vomica decoction that caused liver and kidney injuries in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to later tectonic superpositioning and reworking, the South Dabashan arcuate belt extending NW to SE has experienced several episodes of deformation. The earlier deformational style and formation mechanism of this belt remain controversial. Seismic interpretations and fieldwork show that the curved orogen can be divided into three sub-belts perpendicular to the strike of the orogen, the imbricate thrust fault belt, the detachment fold belt and the frontal belt from NE to SW. The imbricate thrust fault belt is characterized by a series of SW-directed thrust faults and nappes. Two regional detachment layers at different depths have been recognized in the detachment fold and frontal belts, and these detachment layers divide the sub-belts into three structural layers: the lower, middle, and upper structural layers. The middle structural layer is characterized by a passive roof duplex structure, which is composed of a roof thrust at the top of the Sinian units, a floor thrust in the upper Lower Triassic units, and horses in between. Apatite fission track dating results and regional structural analyses indicate that the imbricate thrust fault belt may have formed during the latest Early Cretaceous to earliest Paleogene and that the detachment fold belt may have formed during the latest Late Cretaceous to earliest Neogene. Our findings provide important reference values for researching intra-continental orogenic and deformation mechanisms in foreland fold-thrust belts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of crustal deformation and its dynamical mechanisms in the Sichuan-Yunnan region are of interest to many researchers because they can help explain the deformation pattern of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, we employ a precise three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to simulate the crustal deformation in the Sichuan-Yunnan region, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. We investigate the influence of lower crustal flow and rheological variations by comparing the modeled results with GPS observations. The results demonstrate that lower crustal flow plays an important role in crustal deformation in the Sichuan-Yunnan region. The best fitting is achieved when the flow velocity of the lower crust is approximately 10–11 mm/a faster than that of the upper crust. Additionally, crustal rheological properties affect regional crustal deformation. When the viscosity of the middle and lower crust in the South China block reaches 10 22 and 10 23 Pa·s, respectively, the modeled results match observations well, especially for the magnitude of crustal motion within the South China block. Finally, our dynamic model shows that the maximum principal stress field of the Sichuan-Yunnan region exhibits clear zoning, gradually shifting from an approximately east-west orientation in the northern Bayan Har block to southeast in the South China block, southwest in the western Yunnan block, and a radially divergent distribution in the Middle Yunnan and Southern Yunnan blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mantle convection could have a significant effect on basin evolution; however, research quantifying this relationship is controversial. To understand the formation mechanism and evolution of the Cenozoic rift basins in eastern China, we applied the back-stripping technique and strain rate inversion modeling to 119 wells from Sangjiang Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, North Yellow Sea Basin, South Yellow Sea Basin, East China Sea Shelf Basin, and four basins within the northern South China Sea margin. The modeled results can be used to reconstruct the tectonic subsidence history and further assess the potential subsidence mechanisms of eastern China. Residual subsidence is defined as the difference between the theoretical and observed tectonic subsidences. Our results show that the residual subsidence since 20 Ma in eastern China generally increases from ∼100 to 300 m in terrestrial areas to ∼1.2–1.8 km on the continental shelf. Our observed residual subsidence is generally consistent with the present-day dynamic topography that is predicted from mantle flow models, and it is associated with a stagnant slab within the mantle that has been observed by seismic tomography. The migration pathway of the residual subsidence since 20 Ma is consistent with the movement direction of the Pacific and Philippine plates. Therefore, we suggest that the residual subsidence might be a dynamic subsidence induced by a negative buoyancy of the sinking slab in the deep mantle beneath eastern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detrital zircon geochronology and geochemistry have become the primary methods for reconstructing the Earth's tectonic and surficial processes over geologic time. The compilation and dissemination of detrital zircon data are essential to facilitate rapid, innovative, and reliable studies and to drive new research discoveries. To this end, we present EaDz, a new web-based, relational database for detrital zircons from East Asia, which includes geochronological, geochemical, petrological, and stratigraphic datasets. The EaDz currently contains 7083 rock samples representing 570,092 U–Pb ages, 77,394 Lu–Hf isotopes, 35,045 trace elements, and 1773 oxygen isotope data entries. Within the EaDz database, 71% of the samples are siliciclastic rocks, followed by 16% metasedimentary rocks, 6% modern sediments, and 7% other rocks. The database is intended to serve as a repository for new and existing detrital zircon data and a platform for the visualization and analysis of detrital zircon data. Through a publicly accessible interactive website, EaDz allows simultaneous data retrieval, analysis, and visualization in the cloud. Additionally, EaDz provides a means for combining the detrital zircon data with global plate reconstruction models - thus providing deep-time dynamic reconstructions of detrital palaeolocations. As such, the EaDz provides a powerful resource for applications in paleogeography reconstruction, plate tectonic reconstruction, and crustal-mantle evolution. The database will continue to be developed and improved. We encourage users to collaborate on data compilation by submitting data through the website or contacting corresponding authors directly after their data is published. • A web-based, relational database for detrital zircons from East Asia is presented • EaDz compliles geochronological, geochemical and stratigraphical data of East Asia • EaDz offers the most popular visualization and analysis tools for detrital zircon data • The EaDz database will continue to be developed and improved [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land-surface heterogeneity occurs on many scales, but its inclusion remains an unsolved problem in land-surface and atmospheric boundary-layer schemes for weather and climate models. We investigate the propagation of land-surface heterogeneity in a convective boundary layer using an atmosphere and land-surface coupled large-eddy model. Simulations are made for land surfaces of different heterogeneity scales and a uniform land surface. A multi-scale analysis is carried out and it is found that while domain-and-time averaged fluxes and state variables are not sensitive to land-surface heterogeneity, atmospheric patterns are. Close to the surface, atmospheric patterns are dominated by land-surface forced patterns; away from the surface, “eigen” patterns dominate and forced patterns reemerge for large averaging times. While small-scale land-surface features are more rapidly destroyed by turbulence, large-scale features can persist over hundreds of meters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mesozoic northern Yangtze foreland basin system was formed by continental collision between the North China and South China plates along the Mianlue suture. Synorogenic stratigraphic sequences of Late Triassic to Early-Middle Jurassic age were developed in the northern Yangtze foreland basin. The upper Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation consists mainly of thick-bedded terrestrial successions that serve as the main body of the basin-filling sequences, suggesting intense tectonism in the peripheral orogeny of the foreland basin. Laser-ICP-MS U-Pb analysis of 254 detrital zircon grains from sandstone samples and several published Lower-Middle Jurassic samples, detrital compositions, petrofacies, and paleocurrent reconstructions in the northern Yangtze foreland basin indicate that discrete source areas included the Qinling-Dabieshan ranges and the Mianlue suture zone to the north, and the South China plate to the south. The stratigraphic succession and sediment provenance of the foreland basin imply that the early Mianlue oceanic basin, magmatic arc, and nonmarine molasse foreland basin during the period of deposition were modified or buried by the subsequent continent-continent collision between the North China-Qinling-Dabieshan plate and the Yangtze plate during the Jurassic, which followed the oblique amalgamation between these plates during the Middle-Late Triassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary DNA replication-coupled (RC) nucleosome assembly is mediated by histone chaperones and is fundamental for epigenetic inheritance and maintenance of genomic integrity. The mechanisms that promote this process are only partially understood. Here, we show that the histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transactions), consisting of Spt16 and Pob3, promotes newly synthesized histone H3-H4 deposition. We describe an allele of Spt16 ( spt16-m ) that has a defect in binding to H3-H4 and impairs their deposition onto DNA. Consistent with a direct role for FACT in RC nucleosome assembly, spt16-m displays synthetic defects with other histone chaperones associated with this process, CAF-1 and Rtt106. Importantly, we show that FACT physically associates with Rtt106 and that the acetylation of H3K56, a mark on newly synthesized H3, modulates this interaction. Therefore, FACT collaborates with CAF-1 and Rtt106 in RC nucleosome assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the formation mechanisms and evolution of the Songliao Basin, we applied backstripping and strain rate inversion methods to 20 wells and reinterpret two seismic sections in the Songliao Basin. The obtained data were used to reconstruct the tectonic subsidence history and further assess the potential subsidence mechanisms of this area. The predicted post-rift subsidence based on the uniform stretching model that followed earlier lithospheric thinning events was much lower than the subsidence provided by backstripping. The anomalous subsidence during the post-rift stage was between 200 m and 800 m in the Songliao Basin, and the depocenter of anomalous subsidence moved eastward between ca. 110 and 80 Ma before returning to the west between ca. 80 and 65 Ma. Regional variations in the subsidence rates suggest a possible deficit in the negative buoyancy (mantle loading) that is induced by the sinking slab beneath the Songliao Basin. In addition, the anomalous post-rift subsidence was primarily driven by downward drag pressure from the subducting western Izanagi slab and asthenospheric mantle flow beneath the Songliao Basin. The basement rifting in the Songliao Basin during the early Cretaceous and the normal faulting that occurred during the post-rift stage resulted in a secondary contribution to the anomalous post-rift subsidence. Unlike the Songliao Basin, several early Cretaceous rift basins south of the Yanshan Belt were only filled during the syn-rift subsidence, and the anomalous post-rift uplift of the Yanshan belt was driven by deep mantle flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southern Qinling–Dabieshan foreland fold-thrust belt is a key region in which to investigate the continental–continental collision between North China and South China. We provide structural evidence of a diachronous dextral strike-slip thrusting deformation from the Middle Triassic in the east to the late Late Triassic in the west, which indicates a northwestward oblique subduction and suturing of the South China plate under the North China–Qinling–Dabieshan plate. We also identify a later phase of intracontinental deformation that included an orthogonal intracontinental collision and south-vergent thrusting during the Early and Middle Jurassic, indentation of South China into the Qinling–Dabieshan Orogen and arc-shaped extrusions of the southern Qinling–Dabieshan foreland fold-thrust belt from the Late Jurassic to the Cretaceous. Our results reveal that the long-term intracontinental collision rotated clockwise in a northwest–southeast-vergent direction in the Late Triassic to northeast–east–southwest–west-vergent in the Late Cretaceous. This collision may have been driven by a north-vergent subduction of the Meso-Tethys Ocean in the south, west-vergent subduction of the Izanagi plate in the east, and south-vergent compression of the Eurasia plate in the north. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We integrated a systematic sedimentary data into a regional Early Mesozoic stratigraphic framework which demonstrated a detailed picture of spatiotemporal variations in basin deposition and formation in the North China Craton. The Early Mesozoic basin sedimentary evolution is utilized to interpret polyphase tectonism and to unravel the craton deformation. The Late Triassic, nearly WNW-trending, giant intracratonic Ordos basin was widely distributed across most of North China Craton, with a southern wedge-top depozone along the northern East Qilian–Qinling orogenic belt and a northwestern rift depozone along the Helanshan. The continuous subsidence and deposition within the basin were dominantly related to the thrust load of the East Qilian–Qinling belt and inferred mantle flow effects associated with paleotethys plate subduction, and the rift in the northwestern Ordos was driven by nearly north-vergent compression of the eastern North Qilian–North Qinling active margins with the stable North China Craton. This intracratonic Ordos basin formation initiated the deformation of the North China Craton. Formation of the Jurassic NNE-trending walled intracratonic Ordos basin and the broken flexural basins indicates the North China Craton underwent the second, even more abroad nearly NNE trending crustal deformation, with lithosphere thickening in the eastern part of the North China Craton, and dynamic subsidence in the west, which may have been driven by nearly northwestward subduction of the Izanagi plate and the eastward extrusion and underthrusting of the western North China Craton crustal basement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]