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Background: As the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth version (DSM-5) was published, the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) was modified to adapt the new version (K-SADS-PL DSM-5). We translated it to Chinese (K-SADS-PL-C DSM-5) and described its reliability and validity.Methods: A total of 154 groups of 6 to 18-year-old children and their guardians were included. Trained interviewers interviewed subjects using the K-SADS-PL-C DSM-5. Interrater reliability was assessed by audio recording. Parent-reported scales, like child behavior checklist (CBCL), the Chinese version of Swan-son Nolan and Pelham, version IV scale-parent form (SNAP-IV), social responsiveness scale (SRS-1), and children-reported scales like depression self-rating scale for children (DSRSC) and the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED) were used to examine the validity of depressive disorder, ADHD, ASD, and ODD.Results: The K-SADS-PL-C DSM-5 had fair to excellent interrater (0.537-1.000) and test-retest (0.468-0.885) reliability of affective disorder and neurodevelopment disorder. The convergent validity of affective disorder and neurodevelopment disorder was good, and their divergent validity was acceptable.Limitations: i) Clinical questionnaires were insensitive in classifying disorders and had limitations in derived diagnoses. ii) Samples only came from clinical environment, iii) covered limited disease species, and iv) were small.Conclusion: The K-SADS-PL-C DSM-5 can support reliable and valid diagnoses for children with affect, neurodevelopmental, and behavioral disorders in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a key role as immune response modulators and suppressors of immunologic functions, such as lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and cell surface molecular expression in T lymphocytes, monocytes, and natural killer cells. However, little is known about the effect of ω-3 PUFAs on dendritic cells (DCs). We studied the effect of ω-3 PUFAs on DCs and the related intracellular signal transduction pathway. Methods: Dendritic cells were generated from human peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors and interleukin (IL)-4 and treated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexanoic acid (DHA), and stearic acid for 24 h. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used for maturation of the DCs. The expressions of CD40, CD80, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) were analyzed by flow cytometry; production of IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The proliferative ability of allogeneic T cells stimulated by DCs was evaluated by tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR). Western blot analysis of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was conducted. Results: The ω-3 PUFAs reduced expression levels of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 and major histocompatibility complex HLA-DR. IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels decreased significantly in the EPA and DHA groups. EPA and DHA also significantly reduced the proliferative ability of allogeneic T cells stimulated by DCs. The ω-3 PUFAs significantly inhibited LPS-induced p38 phosphorylation. Conclusion: The ω-3 PUFAs may inhibit LPS-induced DC maturation and upregulate cytokine production. Impaired p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity is a potential critical intracellular signaling transduction mechanism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Most studies of mixed culture fermentation for hydrogen production focus on the metabolite distribution under different operational conditions. While, the corresponding microbial dynamics research is limited. The aim of this work was to reveal the microbial community dynamics of extreme-thermophilic mixed culture enriched in a chemostat for hydrogen production with the combining molecular tools of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform, and 16S rRNA clone library sequencing. The analyzed results showed that the genera of Caldanaerobius, Caldicellulosiruptor and/or Thermoanaerobacter dominated the bacteria. While archaea were not detected even by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. The effects of hydrogen partial pressure or pH increasing from 5.5 to 7.0 on the microbial communities were not notably, and genera of Caldicellulosiruptor and Thermoanaerobacter were the dominants. High hydrogen yield in this chemostat was attributed to the enrichment of Caldicellulosiruptor . While Caldanaerobius dominated the bacteria communities as pH decreased to 4.5. Caldanaerobius and Thermoanaerobacter dominated at high influent glucose concentrations. Thereby, it clearly indicated that the microbial dynamics shall be considered when analyzing the extreme-thermophilic mixed culture fermentation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Berberine hydrochloride (BBR), a plant alkaloid, has been used to treat intestinal inflammation or infection for years. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is pro-inflammatory mediator and involved in the induction of gut inflammation. The expression of COX-2 in small bowel mucosa was determined and the mechanism by which BBR modulated COX-2 expression was explored in a rat model of endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed that without LPS stimulation COX-2 was constitutively expressed at low levels in control rats. LPS challenge rapidly induced COX-2 gene transcription resulting in high levels of inducible COX-2 expression in endotoxemic rats. BBR pre- and post-treatment had no marked effect on constitutive COX-2 expression but inhibited inducible COX-2 overexpression. LPS challenge increased the expression and phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), p38 and activating transcription factor 2 and 3 (ATF2, ATF3), but the effects of LPS were inhibited by BBR treatment. GW9662 did not influence constitutive COX-2 expression but enhanced inducible COX-2 overproduction. Besides, GW9662 abolished the inhibitory effect of BBR on inducible COX-2, p38, ATF2, 3 expression and phosphorylation. Collectively, these results indicated that BBR gavage could attenuate the overexpression of inducible COX-2, not constitutive COX-2, in ileal mucosa during acute endotoxemia in part via activation of PPARγ pathway, which negatively interfered with p38/ATFs cascade. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effect of berberine hydrochloride (BBR) on inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in small intestinal mucosa and related mechanisms was investigated in a rat model of acute endotoxemia. The results showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased COX-2 expression, whereas SB202190 and BBR curtailed it. LPS increased phosphorylation of mucosal p38 MAPK and ATF2 as well as production of ATF2, whereas BBR attenuated these effects. LPS upregulated mucosal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), but BBR reduced this receptor. GW9662 aggravated LPS-induced and reversed BBR-attenuated COX-2 expression. The findings showed that BBR ameliorated COX-2 overexpression partially via modulation of p38 and PPARγ pathways during acute endotoxemia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Vernoramyosides A-F (1 – 6), six new Δ7,9(11) stigmastane-type steroid saponins, along with four known analogues (7 – 10) were isolated from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (Compositae). Their structures were determined by the combination of NMR, ECD and HR-ESI-MS data. These compounds all possessed highly oxidized side chain and a γ-lactam or α , β -unsaturated five-membered lactone ring. All isolates were screened for their activities in reversing resistance in MCF/DOX cells. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]