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Thermal insulating coatings effectively reduce heat loss, helping to save energy and reduce emissions. However, their thermal insulation performance decreases notably as temperature rises due to a single inhibition for heat transfer. Additionally, they have limited high-temperature resistance. To overcome these challenges. We developed a composite thermal insulation coating (CTIC). It was prepared through simple physical blending and can be effectively combined with various substrates. It achieves effective suppression of heat conduction and heat radiation, demonstrating excellent thermal insulation capabilities owing to the synergistic effect of fumed silica, Al 2 O 3 , and MnO 2. It exhibited a low thermal conductivity of 0.0843 W/(m·K) at 500 °C. The 10 mm CTIC decreased the high temperature from 1008.9 °C to 339.5 °C. Moreover, the CTIC could withstand temperatures of up to 1200 °C. This work offers fresh insights into the design of thermal insulating coatings. • Al 2 O 3 and MnO 2 can enhance radiation thermal insulation. • Fumed silica significantly inhibits both solid and gaseous thermal conduction • Simultaneously inhibiting heat conduction and heat radiation can significantly improve thermal insulation performance in high-temperature environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal is expected to be an ideal anode material for future high-energy density lithium batteries. However, the uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites resulting in a short circuit inside the battery and battery failure has become an obstacle to commercializing lithium metal batteries. In this work, a surface with lithiophilic CoIn 3 nucleation sites is developed to achieve a uniform lithium deposition by low temperature thermal treatment of super lithiophilic indium foil with three-dimensional (3D) cobalt foam (CoIn 3 @CF). The CoIn 3 @CF with 3D porous structure provide channels for rapid Li-ions (Li+) transport and inhibit the volume expansion, while the synergistic effect of lithiophilic CoIn 3 alloys caused by the multi-facet orientation relationship promote the formation of homogeneous Li+ diffusion. As a result, the CoIn 3 @CF host exhibits long cycling over 2400 h at 40 mA cm−2/1 mA cm−2 in symmetric cells. Moreover, a full cell with the Li/CoIn 3 @CF as anode and LiFePO 4 as cathode delivers a columbic efficiency more than 99.3% over 800 cycles. This work provides a new perspective for the design of high energy Li anodes. [Display omitted] • Lithiophilic CoIn 3 @CF anode as lithium diffusion and reduction host for the first time. • The Li+ transport path and local current density of the anode are changed by the CoIn 3 sites. • The CoIn 3 lithiophilic sites accelerating lithium kinetics was demonstrated by the DRT tools. • Superior electrochemical performance with 2400 h of cycling at 40 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited data from China, aim to investigate the incidence and the risk fctors of lymph node metastases in the prostatic anterior fat pad (PAFP). Patients underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) were enrolled between March 2020 to December 2022 at a single institution. Separate pathological analysis of PAFP was performed within this area. Univariate analysis and Multivariate analysis were performed to determine the risk factor of PAFP metastasis. A total of 255 patients were included. The study revealed an average age of 67.72 ± 7.07 years, with a mean total tumor volume of 41.54 ± 23.79 mL, and an average Pre-op PSA of 16.85 ng/mL. Clinical T stage was divided into T2, T3, and T4 (226, 25, 4 cases, respectively), while the Clinical M stage was categorized as M0 and M1 (248 and 7 cases, respectively). Out of the patients with PAFP, 19 (7.45 %) had lymph node in PAFP, and 3 (1.18 %) patients had metastases. In the univariate and multivariate analysis, Clinical M stage and anterior primary tumor were found to be a significant high-risk factor. Among the other 15 studies, six examined the risk factors associated with it, including anterior tumors, higher tumour volume, intermediate or high risk prostate cancer. Due to the low proportion of lymph node involvement (7.45 %) and rare tumor metastasis (1.18 %), routine separate pathological analysis of PAFP is not recommended in all RP patients unless there are anterior tumors, higher tumor volume, or intermediate/high risk prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Solar steam generation can be a practical and sustainable technology for wastewater purification and seawater desalination. However, both the inefficient utilization of solar energy and high complicity/cost of current solar steam generators hinder the scalable application of this technique. Herein, we demonstrate a facile, scalable and low-cost approach to produce highly-efficient solar steam generator via a one-step calcination of commercial melamine sponges (MS) in air. The in-air calcinated MS (AMS) with thermal insulator achieves an ultrafast solar evaporation rate (1.98 kg m−2 h−1) and a high photothermal efficiency (~92%) under one sun illumination (1 kW m−2), superior to most reported values. This high solar evaporation rate is attributed to the effective heat localization and adequate water supply in AMS, caused by the low bulk thermal conductivity, high porosity and hydrophilicity of AMS, as well as the set-up of a thermal insulator. The AMS is found to be highly efficient and stable, and it can be used to purify various types of waste water, including river water, seawater, and strong acid/alkaline water. Performance analysis of a large-scale prototype device based on the AMS design for field tests promises significant opportunities for highly-efficient, reusable, portable and low-cost water purification systems. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • Scalable production of solar evaporator by calcinating melamine sponge in air (AMS). • AMS yields a solar evaporation rate of 1.98 kg m−2 h−1 with a photothermal efficiency of ~92% under 1 sun. • AMS achieves high efficiency, stability and cycling capability on river water and seawater. • AMS demonstrates remarkable anti-fouling performance when purifying strong acid/alkaline water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Numerous efforts have been made to design the cathode of Li–S batteries to enhance reversible capacity and long-term cycling stability. However, challenges remain in achieving high electronic/ionic conductivity and suppressing the shuttle effect, especially for cathodes with high sulfur loading. Here we report a 3D free-standing hierarchical structure of VO 2 (P) (paramontroseite VO 2) nanoparticles grown on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (NCNT) arrays as a catalytic host for high-performance sulfur cathodes. In this architecture, the VO 2 (P) nanoparticles function as catalysts to oxidize the LiPS to produce thiosulfate due to the strong chemical interaction. Furthermore, thiosulfates act as a mediator to catenate long-chain LiPS together and convert short-chain Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S and surface-bound polythionate complexes. Accordingly, the VO 2 (P)-NCNT/S cathode exhibits excellent performance with high discharge capacity output (≈1200 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C), stable long-term cycling (≈67% retention at 2 C for 500 cycles), and high sulfur loading cycling (initial areal capacity of 10.2 mA h cm−2 at 0.2 C for 200 cycles). This nanostructure catalytic cathode with high sulfur loadings, as well as stable cycling performances, is attractive for developing practically useable Li-S batteries. Graphical abstract 3D free-standing hierarchical structure of VO 2 (P) nanoparticles grown on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays as a catalytic host for sulfur cathodes. Detailed insight into the catalystic effect of VO 2 (P) to transfer long-chain LiPS help to better designing the cathode for high-performance Li-S batteries. fx1 Highlights • Paramontroseite is the first to be introduced into Li-S batteries electrode. • Unique 3D free-standing structure can accommodate the high sulfur loadings per unit area. • Efficient Polysulfide Conversion Catalyst with paramontroseite were testified. • Detailed insight into the mechanism of propelling polysulfide conversion by XANES spectra. • Superior electrochemical performances with high areal capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Self-assembled nano-honeycomb WS 2 modified by graphene doping were prepared by improved one step hydrothermal method. In this hybrid structure, graphene plays a key role of transferring the morphology from the nanowire microporous spheres to graphene-supported nano-honeycomb plane structure, which has the larger the specific surface area and higher conductivity. This anode delivers the superb electrochemical performances of lithium/sodium ion batteries with high specific charge capacity (953.1/522.3 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1), long cycling life (more than 350/200 cycles at 1 A·g−1), and high charge/discharge rates (up to 10/5 A·g−1). This nano-honeycomb structure WS 2 composite anode with facile hydrothermal process, as well as superb electrochemical performances, makes it attractive for the potential applications in lithium/sodium ion batteries. Graphical abstract Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve significant reduction of dielectric loss and enhancement of dielectric tunability for actual applications, a Ba 0.51 Sr 0.34 TiO 3 film modified by Y/Mn alternate doping (Y/Mn-BST 0.85 ) is prepared by an improved sol-gel method, where the film is composed of 12 layers, and odd number layers are preheated. For comparison, BST 0.85 , Y-BST 0.85 and Mn-BST 0.85 films are also prepared. XRD shows four films are ABO 3 cubic perovskite structures. The BST 0.85 film shows the smallest lattice parameter and donor doping because rich Ti 4+ ions enter into A sites to replace some Sr 2+ and Ba 2+ ions. Besides the donor doping, three doped BST 0.85 films exhibit slightly larger lattice parameters and acceptor doping because Y 3+ or Mn 2+ ions replace some Ti 4+ ions at A sites. The Y/Mn-BST 0.85 film shows the largest lattice parameter and the strongest crystallinity because Y-BST 0.85 layer and Mn-BST 0.85 layer match well in lattice structure. Compared to stoichiometric films, four nonstoichiometric films show markedly decreased dielectric losses. The Y/Mn-BST 0.85 film exhibits the lowest dielectric loss with 0.45 ~ 0.54% under the conditions of − 40 to 40V and 100 kHz, and 0.43 ~ 2.29% under the conditions of 10 Hz ~ 1 GHz and 0 V, thus can satisfy actual applications including tunable microwave application at high frequencies. The related mechanisms are studied by measuring leakage current density, observing AFM and analyzing XPS besides analyzing the XRD patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mn and Y alternately doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (Mn/YBST) films were prepared by improved sol–gel method on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. The effect of different doped concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%) on crystallization and dielectric properties of BST films was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and HP4294A. All films grow along (110) orientation, possessed dense nodular microstructure, exhibited decreased grain size and improved morphologies with smaller average roughness. As a result, the doping behavior changes from donor doping to acceptor doping and again to donor doping and the dielectric constants and the dielectric losses tend to decrease with increasing doped concentration. 1.5% corresponds to the optimized dielectric properties with the dielectric losses of about 0.007 and the figure of merit (FOM) of 38.83 at 100kHz. Also, the related mechanisms and the dielectric properties at microwave frequencies are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Mn and Y alternately doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 film, denoted as Mn/Y-BST film, has been designed and prepared by improved sol–gel method, and the structure and dielectric properties of the film have been studied. Y or Mn doped BST film is also studied. X-ray diffraction reveals that all films grow along (110) orientation and show polycrystalline cubic perovskite structures, and Y3+ and Mn2+ ions enter into B-sites of ABO3 perovskite structure and substitute Ti4+ ions. The Mn/Y-BST film reveals better crystallization with larger crystal grain size. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirm that the Mn/Y-BST film exhibits better crystallization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the Mn/Y-BST film presents less surface non-perovskite structure. Accordingly, the Mn/Y-BST film exhibits significantly nonlinear improvement in combination of dielectric properties. These results indicate that Mn/Y alternate doping is a novel route to excellent BST films for tunable microwave applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Cerium and manganese codoped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (CeMn-BST) film and pure BST, Ce-BST and Mn-BST films were prepared. Influence of preheating on film crystallization and growing behavior was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that all films mainly grow along (110) orientation and show cubic ABO3 perovskite structures, and the preheating promotes Ce3+ and Mn4+ ions enter into B-sites and substitute Ti4+ ions. Preheating enhances crystallization and causes the strongest crystallization with CeMn-codoping. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) exhibits that films preheated show layered growth, while those not preheated show island growth, which are related to layer number and doping. Therefore, the films preheated show larger permittivities, higher tunabilities, and lower dielectric losses except the pure BST film and higher figures of merit (FOMs). Preheating with CeMn-codoping causes best dielectric properties with 56% tunability, 0.0037–0.0091 loss and near 150 FOM, meeting the needs of tunable microwave applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A hybrid aerogel structure for hydrogen sensing was produced and tested, which consists of Pd nanoparticles decorated on a TiO 2 aerogel skeleton structure with large specific surface areas and high porosity. The effects of decorated with different contents of Pd nanoparticles on the microstructure of anatase TiO 2 aerogel and the hydrogen response characteristics were investigated. The contribution of the doping of Pd nanoparticles to the specific selectivity of the anatase phase TiO 2 aerogel for hydrogen sensing was investigated. Benefiting from highly interconnected porous networks of aerogel, ultra-large specific surface area, and homogeneous Pd nanoparticles dispersion, the resulting Pd nanoparticle-decorated TiO 2 3D hybrid aerogel hydrogen sensors express high hydrogen sensing performance. The response was 4.8 toward 100 ppm hydrogen at the optimal working temperature of 325 °C, with a short response time (<2 s), short recovery time (<22 s), and high selectivity and long-term stability. A hydrogen-sensitive mechanism is proposed in which metal atom doping causes more oxygen defects in metal oxide semiconductor lattice. The approach of constructing aerogel network structures by decorating metal nanoparticles on metal oxide semiconductors provides a new way to develop gas sensors. • Pd nanoparticles-decorated TiO 2 aerogel structure was prepared by sol-gel method and supercritical drying method for hydrogen sensing. • Very large specific surface areas and highly interconnected porous networks. • Short response time(<2s) and recovery time(<22s) of anatase Pd-modified TiO 2 aerogel structure for hydrogen sensing. • High selectivity of Pd nanoparticles-decorated anatase phase TiO 2 aerogel structure for hydrogen sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SiO 2 aerogel is a promising lightweight and high-efficiency thermal insulation material for applications in construction, industrial, aerospace vehicles, etc., but weak mechanical properties limit its further development and application. In order to overcome this challenge, we combined the design concepts of elastic group's introduction and structural strengthening of cellulose nanofibers with a directed freezing process, and successfully realized an anisotropic and high-strength SiO 2 /cellulose nanofiber composite aerogel. Under the low density of 0.247 g/cm3, the maximum compression strength of the aerogel in the radial direction is as high as 18.08 MPa, corresponding to a high fracture strain of 75.67%, and it also exhibits an excellent fatigue resistance, with only a slight plastic deformation of 6.5% after 100 load-unload cycles at a high compression strain of 50%. In addition, the aerogel exhibits an ultra-low thermal conductivity (0.01714W/(m·K)) in the radial direction, and also has a superhydrophobicity (water contact angle 150.8°) and a long-term hydrophobic stability (saturated mass moisture absorption rate 0.44%). The combination of these properties makes it an ideal material for thermal superinsulation in environments where both integrated mechanical properties and hydrophobic properties are critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulfur battery (LSB) is considered a kind of potential energy storage systems on account of its high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh·g−1) and energy density (2500 Wh·Kg−1). However, poor ionic/electronic conductivity and annoying shuttle effects still need to be resolved. Here a highly flexible and highly conductive MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x) interlayer with a sandwich structure is reported, the surface of which is a TiS 2 /TiO 2 heterostructure formed by vulcanized. In this framework, the role of TiO 2 nanoparticles is adsorbent to combine the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and the TiS 2 nanoparticles function as catalysts to further facilitate the conversion of long-chain LiPSs to short-chain Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S under the high conductivity of Ti 3 C 2 T x. Furthermore, the interlayer can protect the Lithium metal anode by preventing polysulfide from depositing on the anode surface. Accordingly, the TOS/MX/TOS interlayer exhibits excellent performance with stable long-term cycling (≈76.1% capacity retention with a decay rate of 0.048% per cycle after 500 cycles at 1C). This sandwiched interlayer with high discharge capacity and steady cycling performances is conducive to the practical application of lithium-sulfur batteries. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrant signaling via fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19)/fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) has been identified as a driver of tumorigenesis and the development of many solid tumors, making FGFR4 is a promising target for anticancer therapy. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of bis-acrylamide covalent FGFR4 inhibitors and evaluated their inhibitory activity against FGFRs, FGFR4 mutants, and their antitumor activity. CXF-007 , verified by mass spectrometry and crystal structures to form covalent bonds with Cys552 of FGFR4 and Cys488 of FGFR1, exhibited stronger selectivity and potent inhibitory activity for FGFR4 and FGFR4 cysteine mutants. Moreover, CXF-007 exhibited significant antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and breast cancer cell lines through sustained inhibition of the FGFR4 signaling pathway. In summary, our study highlights a novel covalent FGFR4 inhibitor, CXF-007 , which has the potential to overcome drug-induced FGFR4 mutations and might provide a new strategy for future anticancer drug discovery. [Display omitted] • The covalent inhibitor CXF-007 demonstrated the greatest potency against FGFR4. • CXF-007 has the potential to overcome acquired FGFR4 cysteine mutants. • CXF-007 selectively inhibits and interacts more with FGFR4. • CXF-007 potently inhibits proliferation and FGFR4 signaling in cancer cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt vanadates have been demonstrated as superior anode candidates for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their unique advantages, such as superb specific capacity, low operating potential, and excellent cycling stability. Among the cobalt vanadates, Co 3 V 2 O 8 manifests tremendous potential of commercialization because of their controllable particle size and morphology. In this study, we readily synthesized both hollow and solid Co 3 V 2 O 8 micro-pencils and thoroughly compared their electrochemical properties. Employed as anode for LIBs, the hollow Co 3 V 2 O 8 exhibited much higher initial specific capacity than the solid ones (∼1200 mAhg −1 vs. ∼680 mAhg −1 ). When tested at 1000 mAg −1 , the hollow Co 3 V 2 O 8 displayed superior reversible capacity over the solid ones (∼650 mAhg −1 vs. ∼450 mAhg −1 after 300 cycles), benefiting from the hollow architecture. Moreover, the hollow micro-pencils showed better rate performance, with outstanding stability and capacity loss when higher current density was applied. The comparative study demonstrated the hollow Co 3 V 2 O 8 is more efficient than the solid ones for LIB anodes. Based on the comparison on pure micro-pencils, further approach (e.g. graphene coating) can be exploited for superior performance towards ultimate application in lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substitution of expensive silver paste becomes essential for mass production of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell, which calls for high efficiency and low-cost metallization techniques. Copper metallization together with multi-busbar cell interconnection is considered as effective way to low shading loss and electrode ohmic loss. While, the electrode adhesion and parasitic plating are the key process challenges limiting the copper metallization of SHJ solar cells. In this research, the copper plated SHJ solar cells with high electrode aspect ratio and an efficiency of 23.35% have been achieved on M2 wafers. The SEM images show the holes in the plated layers will deteriorate the adhesion between plated copper and seed-layer. The glass/back sheet structure (GBS) modules have been laminated to evaluate the influence of parasitic plating on damp-heat (DH) performance. The degradation in output power (P max) is up to 4.90%, which is primarily due to a decreased open-circuit voltage (V oc) and fill factor (FF). It can be ascribed to the deteriorated surface recombination and interconnection. Although the parasitic plating on the wafer edge has ignorable influence on damp heat test after etch-back process, it is still necessary to protect the cell edge to avoid parasitic plating. The research evaluates the process challenges of copper metallization of SHJ solar cells, which offers a refer for achieving high reliability and low levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of photovoltaic power generation. • This work evaluates the challenge of ghost plating on high-performance SHJ solar cells and modules for the first time. • The surface morphology and element distribution at the interface is analyzed and an efficiency of 23.35% is obtained. • The glass/back sheet modules have been laminated to evaluate the influence of ghost plating on damp-heat (DH) performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A practical and effective strategy of phosphoric acid treatment is developed to obtain a modified LRMO containing Li-poor layer, PO 4 3− doping, and layer-spinel mosaic composite structure. The vacancy energy and crystal structure stability of LRMO are improved effectively. As results, the modified LRMO exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance, especially inhibiting voltage decay and oxygen evolution. [Display omitted] • A practical and effective chemical treatment strategy for Li-rich Mn-based oxides. • Li-poor layer reduces irreversible Li+. • PO 4 3− doping improves the vacancy energy. • Layer-spinel mosaic composite structure stabilizes the voltage platform. Li-rich Mn-based oxides (LRMOs) are promising high energy–density cathodes, but the low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), voltage attenuation and oxygen evolution hinder the commercialization of LRMOs. Here, we incorporate acid radical ion into materials' lattices to construct a LRMO with gradient ion concentration and layer-spinel mosaic structure via a practical and controllable strategy of chemical de-lithium route. The experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the phosphate radical (PO 4 3−) enter the lattice to enhance the vacancy energy of the material, which can improve the structural stability, inhibit oxygen evolution and voltage decay. As results, the best modified LRMO (PTS-20) exhibits suppressed voltage decay (∼27.16 mV at 1 C after 200 cycles) and higher initial discharge specific capacity of 283.5 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C with high ICE of 95.4%. In-situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) further demonstrate that PTS-20 has less oxygen evolution. Furthermore, full cells assembled with graphite behave excellent electrochemical performances at 1 C. This work provides an effective strategy to fabricate LRMO cathodes with promising practical electrochemical performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films were deposited on Pt/SiO2/Si substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observation shows that there is a transition layer at BST/Pt interface, and the layer is about 7–8nm thickness. It is found that the transition layer was diminished to about 2–3nm thickness by reducing the initial RF sputtering power. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiles show that high Ti atomic concentration results in a thick interfacial transition layer. Moreover, the symmetry ν of ɛ r–V curve of BST thin film is enhanced from 52.37 to 95.98%. Meanwhile, the tunability, difference of negative and positive remanent polarization (P r), and that of coercive field (E C) are remarkably improved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]