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Thinner slices are more susceptible in detecting small lesions but suffer from higher statistical fluctuation. This work aimed to reduce image noise in multiphase contrast-enhanced CT reconstructed with slice thickness thinner than the clinical setting (i.e., 5 mm) using convolutional neural network (CNN) for enabling better detection of hypo-vascular liver metastasis. A DenseNet model was used to generate noise map for multiphase CT reconstructed with slice thickness of 2.5 mm and 1.25 mm. Image denoising was conducted by subtracting the CNN-generated noise map from CT images with reduced photon flux due to thinner slice thickness. The performance of DenseNet was evaluated on CT scans of electron density phantoms and patients with hypovascular liver metastases less than 1.5 cm in terms of Hounsfield Unit (HU) variation, statistical fluctuation, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The phantom study demonstrated that the CNN-based denoising method was able to reduce statistical fluctuation in CT images reconstructed with slice thickness of 2.5 mm and 1.25 mm without causing significant edge blurring or variation in HU values. With regards to patient study, it was found that the denoised 2.5-mm and 1.25-mm slices had higher CNR than the conventional 5-mm slices for hypo-vascular liver metastases in all 4 phases of multiphase CT. Our results demonstrated that the detection of hypo-vascular liver metastases in multiphase contrast-enhanced CT with slice thickness less than 5 mm could be improved by using the CNN-based denoising method. Reconstruction slice thickness has a strong influence on the image quality of CT imaging. A CNN-based denoising method was used in this work to reduce the image noise in multiphase contrast-enhanced CT reconstructed with slice thickness less than 5 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We have measured positive exchange bias in a Ni80Fe20/Ni x Fe1− x O thin-film nanocrystallite system. A series of solid solution Ni x Fe1− x O 40nm thick films capped with 25nm thick Ni80Fe20 were deposited using a range of %O2/Ar bombardment energies (i.e. End-Hall voltages). Proper tuning of the deposition conditions results in a Ni80Fe20/Ni x Fe1− x O (30%O2/Ar) based bilayer that exhibits a positive exchange bias loop shift of H ex∼60Oe at 150K. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]