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Study Objective: To analyze retrospectively the effect of hysteroscopy combined with transvaginal repair on the cesarean section diverticulum (CSD) and explore the clinical significance of this procedure.Design: Retrospective study.Setting: University-affiliated hospital and a gynecology hospital.Patients: A total of 183 patients with scar diverticulum after cesarean section were recruited from the Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan and Shenzhen In Vitro Fertilization Gynecological Hospital.Interventions: In this study, we reported a surgical method for repairing uterine scar through uterine therapy and explored its clinical efficacy and pregnancy outcome.Measurements and Main Results: The time of operation, volume of bleeding, and duration of hospitalization were recorded. The size of the scar diverticulum and the remaining myometrium were examined by B-mode ultrasonography before and after the operation. The length of the menstrual cycle and pelvic pain were recorded during follow-up to check the recovery of patients after surgery. The pregnancy of patients with pregnancy needs was recorded to check the pregnancy outcome. All 183 patients successfully completed the repair of the transvaginal uterus scar diverticulum with the help of a hysteroscopy examination. The mean (± standard deviation) operation time was 58.61 ± 18.56 minutes. The mean blood loss was 36.97 ± 22.32 mL. The mean hospital stay was 6.08 ± 1.89 days. In 57.14% of patients, the CSD completely disappeared, whereas the volume of CSD shrank by at least 50% in 88.95% of patients. The mean menstrual period of patients after surgery was 7.72 ± 2.68 days, which was significantly shorter than that recorded preoperatively (13.45 ± 3.69 days) (t = 19.62, p = .00). The pelvic pain disappeared in 81.08% of the patients. The mean postoperative thickness of the remaining muscular layer was 5.30 ± 1.27-mm, which was significantly higher than the preoperative value of 2.25 ± 0.92-mm (t = 28.21, p = .00). The mean postoperative thickness of the remaining muscular layer of patients with improved menstrual cycle was 5.40 ± 1.27-mm, which was significantly higher than the thickness of 4.88 ± 1.11-mm in patients without improved menstrual cycle (t = 2.31, p = .025). A total of 124 patients attempted to become pregnant, 83 of whom were successful. The pregnancy rate was as high as 66.95%, which included 2 scar pregnancies, 4 ectopic pregnancies, and 87 intrauterine pregnancies. No uterine rupture occurred.Conclusion: The transvaginal repair of the uterine diverticulum improved the symptoms and probability of a successful pregnancy effectively. This process is a surgical procedure to increase the thickness of the residual uterine muscle wall effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying industrial waste amendments, such as steel slag and biochar, to soils is an increasingly common practice to improve soil fertility, crop yield, and soil carbon (C) pool storage and stability. However, the effects of separate and combined applications of slag and biochar on total and active soil organic C (SOC) pools and the associated relationships between soil microorganisms and C cycling are unclear. Therefore, this study examined the effects of steel slag, rice straw biochar, and slag+biochar amendments to subtropical early and late rice paddy soils on total and active SOC concentrations and microbial abundance and diversity. The results showed that slag+biochar increased SOC content in early and late rice, with increases in dissolved organic C of 28.7 and 52.6 % in the early and late rice jointing stages, respectively. Soil organic C was positively correlated with soil C:N ratios in the two crop seasons. Applications of slag and biochar alone increased the diversity of soil bacteria in early rice but decreased in late rice. Meanwhile, the combined application of slag and biochar decreased diversity of soil bacterial community diversity and increased the relative abundance of some beneficial bacterial taxa, such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Flavisolibacter , and Ferruginibacte which are related to SOC cycling and sequestration. The results highlight that the combined slag and biochar amendments can improve soil specific properties, such as pH and SOC stocks, which elicit alterations in soil bacterial composition, especially of some keystone genera, altogether resulting in enhanced soil C sequestration and C pool stability. [Display omitted] • Combined slag and biochar amendment increased soil pH and SOC concentrations. • Combined amendment altered soil bacterial community composition. • Combined slag and biochar amendment can maintain the stability of soil C pool. • Soil properties and bacterial community influenced soil C sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the causes of death and characteristics of sudden death in children and to offer scientific bases for prevention and cure, and medicolegal expertise of sudden death in children. Material: A retrospective study was carried out on the 265 cases of sudden death in children under 14 years old from 1960 to 2003 in three key hospitals of Haikou city, Hainan Province, China. Result: Of the 265 cases, 164 were male and 101 were female (1.6:1). Most of them were babies aged 1 month–1 year (37.0%). The three most common causes of sudden death in children were diseases such as lobular pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia and viral pneumonia. Conclusion: Most of the reported cases of sudden death in children were babies aged 1 month∼<1 year and males were much more than females in the ratio of 1.6:1. The main diseases causing sudden death were the diseases of the respiratory system, especially pneumonia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]