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Poor management in the municipal waste disposal is a serious crisis for the health of the ecosystem and society. The implementation of the waste-to-energy projects can simultaneously recover the available energy in waste and significantly mitigate the environmental impacts of releasing waste into the environment. In this article, a novel bio-waste-driven multigeneration cycle (BW-MGC) integrated with a solar thermal field for the production of various valuable products from sewage sludge is introduced and evaluated (from thermodynamic, environmental and economic points of view). Herein, the biogas and syngas are obtained through the anaerobic digestion and gasification processes, respectively. Besides that, hydrogen energy and water production cycles are based on the water-gas shift reaction and atmospheric water harvesting cycle (AWHC) units, respectively. In the offered project, the heating capacity and a part of the electricity are obtained through the waste heat recovery system. The offered project provides a new process with a novel structure and configuration to produce useful products. Moreover, it can jointly address the simultaneous issues of energy, water, and environment. The offered plant can produce 18.1 MW of electricity, 18.72 l/h of water, and 0.9 kg/s of hydrogen fuel. The energy efficiency of the system in such design conditions was calculated as 36.12%, while the exergy efficiency was 40.9%. Further, the exergy sustainability factor, total products unit cost, and levelized total CO 2 emissions are calculated as 0.5281, 0.05168 USD/kWh, and 0.2124 kg/kWh, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene-based smart composites are in increasing demand for the precise detection of mechanical deformation and thermal fluctuations. However, the random dispersion of graphene additives limits sensing performance due to their low electrical conductivity. In this article, smart graphene-silicate composites (GSCs) were fabricated using a top-down strategy with a silicate matrix being controllably perfused into a 3D-printed graphene lattice. Attribute to the highly continuous network of graphene, the GSCs demonstrated significantly enhanced electrical conductivity (6.49–43.47 S/m) with an exceptionally low threshold value of graphene content (0.1 wt%). Electrical conductivity of GSCs was more than 100 times greater than that of traditional ceramic composites with randomly dispersed graphene. The interpenetrated microstructure between the 3D graphene and silicate resulted in high robustness and enhanced fatigue resistance of the mechanical properties. As a result, the 3D graphene lattice, serving as a versatile multiscale perceptive network, enabled GSCs to accurately detect external mechanical and thermal stimuli. GSCs presented ultra-sensitive piezoresistive behavior (Δ R / R ∼ −2.0 %) with a detectable strain ranging from 0 to 1.1 %. In addition, GSCs exhibited a higher Seebeck coefficient of 20.14 μV K−1 than 3D graphene lattice, enabling them to monitor external temperature fluctuations with high sensitivity. Therefore, GSCs offered a new pathway for creating highly electrically conductive 3D graphene monolith-based smart composites, demonstrating promising potential for applications as thermo-mechanical sensors, damage monitors, and energy harvesters. A highly electrically conductive graphene-silicate composites (GSCs) was fabricated with interpenetrated microstructure of the 3D printing graphene lattice and silicate matrix. Attributing to the highly interconnected and mechanically robust pathway for efficient carrier migration, GSCs has simultaneously demonstrated ultrahigh electrical conductivity, super-sensitive piezoresistive performance and favorable Seebeck effect. This conductive network embedding method has provided new strategies and path selection for achieving high conductivity, multi-functional integration and application in other ceramic composites. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Dietary fat intake causes endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and increases the risk of obesity. • Moutan cortex radicis extract (ME) decreased high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. • ME can ameliorate hepatic accumulation by reducing ERS and lipid metabolism. • ME ameliorated hepatic ERS via inhibiting the PERK/IRE1-CEBP signaling pathways. To analyse the effects of Moutan cortex radicis extract (ME) on lipid metabolism disorder via regulation of lipid accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD for 11 weeks and then an HFD plus 200 mg/kg ME for 2 weeks. We found that ME reduced hepatic CHOL levels and lipid droplet deposition, and down-regulated PPARγ, SCD1, GRP78 and C/EBP compared to the HFD group (P < 0.05). In the oleic acid-palmitic acid-induced AML12 cell lipid load model, ME addition led to significant reduction in the intracellular TG content, lipid deposition, and mRNA levels of PERK, IRE1, ATF4, CHOP, C/EBP-α, LXRα and ACC (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that ME might be a promising treatment strategy to reverse the lipid metabolism disorder induced by an HFD and that the potential mechanism is associated with a reduction in hepatic lipid accumulation and amelioration of ERS via inhibiting PERK/IRE1-CEBP signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of Cr(VI) and antibiotics in the environment can form the joint contaminant which can be hazardous to the ecosystem. To deal with this, we have explored a plausible method to remove the Cr(VI) and tetracycline (TC) from water by visible light photocatalysis. In this study, a series of reduced graphene oxide@ZnAlTi layered double oxides (rGO@LDO) composites with different doping ratio of rGO were successfully synthesized, which were applied in photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidation of TC. Graphene acts as an electron donor and it can enhance the adsorption of Cr(VI) and TC on the surface of the composites. It's found that the obtained ZnAlTi-LDO composites doped with rGO have higher photo-responsiveness in the visible region. The best-performing rGO@LDO composite (i.e., CGL3) exhibited enhanced visible light-driven photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction, which was about five times higher than those of ZnAlTi-LDO (without adding hole catcher). The rGO@LDO also showed a satisfactory performance for photocatalytic oxidation of TC with the total organic carbon removal of 80%. However, the doping of rGO did not significantly enhance the removal of TC. The experiment of pH effects demonstrated that acidic pH was favorable to photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI), while neutral pH was favorable to photocatalytic oxidation of TC. The band structure of ZnAlTi-LDO was first identified, and the E VB and E CB of ZnAlTi-LDO are −2.32 and 0.72 V (vs. RHE). This research provides a feasible method to remove Cr(VI) and tetracycline from water by employing ZnAlTi-LDO doped with rGO as photocatalyst. Image 1 • The band structure of ZnAlTi-LDO is identified for the first time. • ZnAlTi-LDO is mainly composed of semiconductor metal oxides and perovskite phase. • Doping of graphene can enhance the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) by 5 times. • Acidic pH was favorable to photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). • Neutral pH was favorable to photocatalytic oxidation of tetracycline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, binary S-scheme heterojunctions (Ag 3 VO 4 /SNW-1) with a covalent organic framework SNW-1 were synthesized using a cost-effective deposition-precipitation method. Comprehensive material characterization was conducted, including XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM-EDS, UV–vis, and PL analyses. The photocatalytic activity of Ag 3 VO 4 /SNW-1 was evaluated using NR dye as model pollutant. Results revealed superior performance, with a maximum NR degradation rate of 94% under optimized conditions. The binary system not only enhanced photocatalytic efficiency but also improved stability. Further investigations included free radical scavenging tests, EPR measurements, and identification of reactive active sites of NR. Reactive radicals, including ·O 2 -, e-, ·OH, and h+, were found to enhance the photocatalytic reaction. Economic analysis showed a 34.82% rate of return on investment (ROI) and a 36.27% break-even point (BEP), affirming the commercial potential of the binary nanocomposites. In summary, this study introduces a cost-effective, reproducible, and environmentally friendly binary nanocomposites with exceptional water pollutant removal performance, showcasing promising prospects for practical applications. [Display omitted] • Enhanced carrier separation via synergistic component interaction. • The 1.0AS photocatalyst efficiently removed 94% of NR under optimal conditions. • Demonstrated 11% degradation decrease after five cycles, ensuring stability. • ·O 2 - and e- played a primary role in photodegradation. • Intermediate products and potential degradation pathways of NR were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage of zinc-containing catalysts in glycolysis causes the residue of Zn2+ in the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation monomer bis-hydroxyethyl (BHET), which limits the high-value utilization of BHET. This work first used electrodeposition combined with one-time recrystallization to purify BHET. Electrodeposition was suitable for dealing the Zn2+ concentrations of degradation solutions within 50–100 ppm, and decreased the content of Zn2+ in BHET from 141.30 to 2.41 ppm, which reached the standard of repolymerization into PET bottles. The removal rate of Zn2+ was 90 % for the degradation solutions, which decreased the concentration of Zn2+ in wastewater from 100 to 8.97 ppm. Meanwhile, the Zn2+ removed from the degradation solutions was deposited on cathode, which obtained metal Zn materials and realized the recycling of Zn resources from Zn(OAc) 2. Therefore, electrodeposition could realize the purification of BHET, recycling of Zn(OAc) 2 , reducing the environmental pollution caused by the emission of Zn2+ and the protection of human health, simultaneously. Electrodeposition had less water consumption, lower loss rate of BHET (from 60 % to 10 %) and shorter processing time, compared with six-times recrystallizations. This study first proposed the formation of quadridentate between BHET and Zn2+, and put forward a new three-steps electrodeposition mechanism of Zn2+: the addition of electric field destroyed the dissociation equilibrium of quadridentate and made it shift to release free Zn2+; the free Zn2+ gathered to form ionic groups and they migrated to copper; Zn2+ reduced on copper, of which the first step was the speed limited step. [Display omitted] • Electrodeposition decreased the content of Zn2+ in bis-hydroxyethyl from 141.30 to 2.41 ppm. • The suitable dealing concentrations of electrodeposition were 50–100 ppm. • This technology realized the purification of bis-hydroxyethyl and the recycling of metal Zn from Zn(OAc) 2 , simultaneously. • The quadridentate had formed between bis-hydroxyethyl and Zn2+. • Quadridentate dissociated to release free Zn2+; Zn2+ migration and reduction, and the first step was the speed limited step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The real-time P2P energy trading problem is formulated as a spatio-temporally constrained stochastic optimization problem. • A novel online method is innovatively proposed to deal with the stochastic optimization problem. • For protecting the prosumers' privacy, an online distributed algorithm based on the consensus ADMM is developed. • Closed-form solutions are derived to significantly increase the computational efficiency. • The theoretical near-optimal performance guarantee of the proposed online distributed algorithm is derived. The proliferation of distributed renewable energy triggers the peer-to-peer (P2P) energy market formations. To make profits, prosumers equipped with photovoltaic (PV) panels and even the energy storage system (ESS) can actively participate in the real-time P2P energy market and trade energy. However, in real situations, system states such as energy demands and renewable energy power generation are highly uncertain, making it difficult for prosumers to make optimal real-time decisions. Moreover, severe problems with the physical network can arise from the real-time P2P energy trading, such as bus voltage violations and line overload. To handle these problems, this work first formulates the real-time P2P energy trading problem as a spatio-temporally constrained stochastic optimization problem by considering ESS and the spatial physical network constraints. To deal with the uncertainties online, a modified Lyapunov optimization method is innovatively proposed to approximately reformulate the stochastic optimization problem into an online one by relaxing the time-coupling constraints. Compared with the state-of-the-art online methods, the proposed one renders more flexibility and better performance for the real-time P2P energy market operation. Additionally, to protect the prosumers' privacy, an online distributed algorithm based on the consensus alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is developed to solve the reformulated online problem by decoupling the spatial constraints. The theoretical near-optimal performance guarantee of the proposed online distributed algorithm is derived, and its performance can be further improved by minimizing the performance gap. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed online distributed algorithm can guarantee the fast, stable, and safe long-term operation of the real-time P2P energy market. Allied with a performance gap minimization step, the proposed online distributed algorithm can obtain approximately a 53.10% cost reduction compared to the greedy algorithm for the intraday market operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two classic empirical solar radiation pressure (SRP) models, the Extended Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) Orbit Model ECOM 5 and ECOM 9 have been widely used for Global Positioning System (GPS) Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites precise orbit determination (POD). However, these two models are not suitable for BeiDou Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites due to their special attitude control mode. With the experimental design method this paper proposes a new empirical SRP model for BeiDou GEO satellites, which is featured by three constant terms in DYX directions, two sine terms in DX directions and one cosine term in the Y direction. It is the first time to reveal that the periodic terms in the D direction are more important than those in YX directions for BeiDou GEO satellites. Compared with ECOM 5 and ECOM 9, the BeiDou GEO satellite orbits are significantly stabilized with the new SRP force model. The average orbit overlapping root mean square (RMS) achieved by the proposed model is 7.5 cm in the radial component, which is evidently improved over those of 37.4 and 13.2 cm for ECOM 5 and ECOM 9, respectively. In addition, the correlation coefficients between GEO orbit overlaps precision and the elevation angle of the Sun have been decreased to −0.12, 0.21, and −0.03 in radial, along-track and cross-track components by using the proposed model, while they are −0.94, −0.79 and −0.29 for ECOM 5 and −0.70, 0.21 and 0.10 for ECOM 9. Moreover, the standard deviation (STD) of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data residuals for the GEO satellite C01 is reduced by 37.4% and 16.1% compared with those of ECOM 5 and ECOM 9 SRP models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of estimating the relative clocks between two spaceborne global positioning system (GPS) receivers based on the single-difference (SD) observations is investigated in this paper. Especially, the advantages of introducing a double-difference (DD) solution constraint, including the orbits and ambiguities, are discussed with the simulated data and the real data of Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. The theoretical accuracy analysis shows that the accuracy of the relative clocks is improved and the edge effects are eliminated with a DD solution constraint. The simulations indicate a potential accuracy improvement of at least 30% of the relative clocks with the constraint. Furthermore, one month׳s real data is processed and the overlapping data arcs are used to validate the accuracy of the relative clock solutions. The average overlapping root mean square (RMS) of the relative clock solutions is approximate 99 ps and 31 ps without and with the DD solution constraint, respectively. Moreover, the jumps of the day boundaries are weakened evidently by adding the DD solution constraint. This paper demonstrates that the accuracy and stability of the estimated relative clocks between two low earth orbit (LEO) satellites from SD observations are improved obviously with the DD solution constraint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is an ubiquitiously expressed protein, which has been mediated in various biological functions. Here, we present a novel mechanism utilized by HSP27 in regulating IL-1β induced NF-кB activation. Both over-expression and RNAi experiments indicate that HSP27 physically interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and promotes TRAF6 ubiquitination. Over-expressed HSP27 augments IL-1β induced TRAF6 ubiquitination and IкB kinase (IKK) activation. On the other hand, IL-1β stimulation reduces endogenous HSP27/TRAF6 association, but inhibiting HSP27 phosphorylation by using SB202190, an inhibitor of p38, and MAPKAPK2 RNAi increases HSP27/TRAF6 association and thereby enhances TRAF6 ubiquitination, IKK phosphorylation as well as NF-кB activation. Furthermore, co-transfection study shows that HSP27 S78/82A, two phosphorylated serine site deficient mutants, but not wild-type HSP27 (HSP27 WT) and HSP27 S15A mutant increases TRAF6 ubiquitination and thereby mediates IL-1β triggered IKK phosphorylation. Taken together, our data indicate that HSP27 regulates IL-1β triggered NF-кB activation via a feedback loop which includes the interaction between HSP27 phosphorylation and ability of HSP27 to bind with TRAF6. The findings of this study reveal a novel mechanism by which HSP27 controls cytokine stimulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Nanoplastics (NPs), which are broken down from large pieces of plastics and caused water environment pollution, are becoming an emerging environmental problem due to their stable structure, high mobility, and easy interactions with ambient organic compounds. Separation of NPs by flocculation may be an effective approach for remediation of NPs contaminated-water. Aluminum ion has been used as a highly efficient flocculant in sewage treatment, and calcium ion also shows excellent sedimentation performance for impurities under high pH conditions. In this study, composite metal calcium-aluminum (Ca/Al) ions were used as flocculants, achieving a settling efficiency of NPs almost as high as 80%. The effects of pH and Ca/Al flocculant ratios on the zeta potentials, solution stability, as well as sedimentation efficiency of NPs were investigated. Results showed that the crystal formation of Ca/Al flocs increased with pH. The contact and adsorption mechanism of NPs by Ca/Al flocs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The capture of NPs by Ca/Al flocculants could provide a new insight for the treatment of NPs from aqueous environment. Image 1 • The settling of NPs by Ca/Al dual flocculation reached almost as high as 80%. • Ca/Al dual flocculation showed a higher efficiency than that of single metal ion. • Crystallinity of the Ca/Al flocs became stronger with the increase of solution pH. • Electrostatic and intermolecular interaction are the main mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays lead pollution in water becomes more challenging since the emission of automobile exhaust dust and the wastewater of several lead-manufacture industries. In this study, piggery sludge was utilized to prepare biochar and modified with thiourea to achieve highly efficient wastewater Pb(II) removal. The physical-chemical properties of modified biochar (MBC) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electric microscope (SEM), X-ray photo X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Zeta potential. Also adsorption isotherm and kinetics of MBC were studied to measure the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) onto biochar. According to the result, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 145 mg/g and the adsorption reaction rate constants is about 0.0115 g/(mg∙h), which is about 5–8 times higher than that of biochar in other experiments. In order to investigate the mechanism of Pb(II) removal on MBC, FTIR and XPS analysis suggested that surface functional groups such as C–O, C O as well as C S, C–S and RSO 3 - introduced by modification can adsorb Pb(II) by coordination and ion-exchange. Thiourea modification provided additional functional groups so that modified biochar is able to perform better by chemical and physical adsorption. • Biochar was obtained from swine sludge by low temperature pyrolysis. • Thiourea modified biohcar increased the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) by 32%. • The modified biohcar exhibited a high adsorption performance than other adsorbents. • The increase of Pb removal mainly depends on the introduced S-containing groups. • C=S groups and –SH groups play dominant roles in the uptake of Pb(II). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy pile is a novel ground heat exchanger (GHE) of ground source heat pump (GSHP) system, and the spiral coils are set into pile to form this type of GHE. However, the on-site heat transfer experiments combined with engineering projects are not much, and the corresponding validation of model is a little. This paper describes both heat transfer experiments and models of energy pile. During the experiments, some parameters of circulating fluid of spiral coils are recorded, and meanwhile the thermal resistors are installed at the pile’s surface to observe the temperature response induced by spiral coils. The heat transfer models of energy pile are explained and the corresponding characteristics are investigated. Afterwards, the comparisons between experimental data and model’s results are made to explore the differences, the difference is small and therefore the heat transfer models can be validated. Thus, the validation is a significant contribution and the model can provide guideline for project design; the research of the paper is helpful to promote further development of GSHP system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise relative position determination is a prerequisite for radar interferometry by formation flying satellites. It has been shown that this can be achieved by high-quality, dual-frequency GPS receivers that provide precise carrier-phase observations. The precise baseline determination between satellites flying in formation can significantly improve the accuracy of interferometric products, and has become a research interest. The key technologies of baseline determination using spaceborne dual-frequency GPS for gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) formation are presented, including zero-difference (ZD) reduced dynamic orbit determination, double-difference (DD) reduced dynamic relative orbit determination, integer ambiguity resolution and relative receiver antenna phase center variation (PCV) estimation. We propose an independent baseline determination method based on a new strategy of integer ambiguity resolution and correction of relative receiver antenna PCVs, and implement the method in the NUDTTK software package. The algorithms have been tested using flight data over a period of 120 days from GRACE. With the original strategy of integer ambiguity resolution based on Melbourne-Wübbena (M-W) combinations, the average success rate is 85.6%, and the baseline precision is 1.13 mm. With the new strategy of integer ambiguity resolution based on a priori relative orbit, the average success rate and baseline precision are improved by 5.8% and 0.11 mm respectively. A relative ionosphere-free phase pattern estimation result is given in this study, and with correction of relative receiver antenna PCVs, the baseline precision is further significantly improved by 0.34 mm. For ZD reduced dynamic orbit determination, the orbit precision for each GRACE satellite A or B in three dimensions (3D) is about 2.5 cm compared to Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) post science orbits. For DD reduced dynamic relative orbit determination, the final baseline precision for two GRACE satellites formation is 0.68 mm validated by K-Band Ranging (KBR) observations, and average ambiguity success rate of about 91.4% could be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) is an emerging technology that enables the charging of electric vehicles (EVs) while they are in motion. However, previous load modeling methods have not thoroughly explored the detailed analysis of DWC load characteristics. Existing research only considers the single-node supply mode for dynamic wireless charging roads (DWCRs), and the assessment of operational risks arising from the uncertain DWC loads has not been addressed. This paper begins by conducting an equivalent circuit analysis of a typical EV DWC system with multiple segmented coils. We present a more accurate trapezoidal power model for a single EV. Subsequently, we model the aggregated EV DWC load, accounting for traffic flow and headway using Poisson and negative exponential distribution functions, respectively. In the operation process, we consider a multi-node supply mode for DWCRs. To address the inaccuracy of long-term predictions, we propose a rolling optimization model to coordinate DWC and renewables with heterogeneous uncertainties by introducing a risk metric to manage potential uncertain risks. The proposed optimization model is transformed into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) problem after convex relaxation. Finally, we conduct case studies to validate the proposed methods. • A more accurate trapezoidal power model for a single EV is proposed. • An aggregated EV DWC load based on distribution functions is proposed. • A rolling optimization model is designed to coordinate DWC and renewables. • A risk metric is introduced to manage the potential uncertain risks. • Flexible distribution of DWC loads at different nodes are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Knockdown of 5-HT 2A R in the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) aggravated pain in a mouse model of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). • Knockdown or inhibition of 5-HT 2A R decreased neuronal glutamatergic activity in the VLO. • Activation of 5-HT 2A R increased neuronal glutamatergic activity in the VLO. 5-HT 2A receptors (5-HT 2A Rs) are widely expressed in the central nervous system, including in the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO). The VLO is an important cortical component for pain processing. Brain 5-HT 2A Rs are implicated in both pro- and anti- nociceptive functions. However, the roles of 5-HT 2A Rs in the VLO in trigeminal neuralgia and neuronal synaptic function remain to be understood. We used chronic constriction injury of infraorbital nerve (IoN-CCI) model and shRNA mediated gene knockdown in mice to investigate the role of 5-HT 2A Rs in the VLO in trigeminal neuralgia. We found that knockdown of 5-HT 2A Rs in the VLO aggravated spontaneous pain and mechanical allodynia in mice after IoN-CCI. At the synaptic level, decreasing 5-HT 2A R expression by shRNA or inhibition of 5-HT 2A R activity by its antagonist ketanserin decreased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) of the neurons in the VLO, whereas 5-HT 2A R partial agonist 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) enhanced sEPSCs of the neurons in the VLO. In summary, 5-HT 2A Rs in the VLO modulate the trigeminal pain by regulating neuronal glutamatergic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter, 2-(4,4″-bis(diphenylamino)-[1,1':3′,1″-terphenyl]-4′-yl) quinoxaline-6,7-dicarbonitrile (QCN-2TPA), was developed by incorporating two trianiline units into the ortho- and para-positions of the quinoxalin-6,7-dinitrile core. The adjacent trianiline unit and quinoxalin-6,7-dinitrile core interact spatially for through-space charge transfer, while the quinoxalin-6,7-dinitrile core and the para-positioned trianiline unit enable through-bond charge transfer. QCN-2TPA demonstrated high photoluminescence quantum efficiency and a small Δ E ST. Organic light-emitting diodes using QCN-2TPA as the emitter achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.4 % with red emission peaking at 596 nm. [Display omitted] • The novel emitter simultaneously demonstrates both TSCT and TBCT characteristics. • The emitter shows red emission with distinct TADF property. • The QCN-2TPA -based OLED achieves a higher EQE of 21.4 % compared to its counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Iron-based carbon redirection enables the transformation of wastewater treatment. • In-situ iron reduction and advanced oxidation synergistically decompose sludge. • Log-Logistic model fits the relationship between iron dosage and electron transfer. • Iron-based sludge enhances carbon recovery through multi-mechanism collaboration. • Iron promotes the construction of high-value product biorefinery consortium. Wastewater treatment plants face significant challenges in transitioning from energy-intensive systems to carbon-neutral, energy-saving systems, and a large amount of chemical energy in wastewater remains untapped. Iron is widely used in modern wastewater treatment. Research shows that leveraging the coupled redox relationship of iron and carbon can redirect this energy (in the form of carbon) towards resource utilization. Therefore, re-examining the application of iron in existing wastewater carbon processes is particularly important. In this review, we investigate the latest research progress on iron for wastewater carbon flow restructuring. During the iron-based chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process, organic carbon is captured into sludge and its bioavailability is enhanced through iron-based advanced oxidation processes (AOP) pretreatment, further being recovered or upgraded to value-added products in anaerobic biological processes. We discuss the roles and mechanisms of iron in CEPT, AOP, anaerobic biological processes, and biorefining in driving organic carbon conversion. The dosage of iron, as a critical parameter, significantly affects the recovery and utilization of sludge carbon resources, particularly by promoting effective electron transfer. We propose a pathway for beneficial conversion of wastewater organic carbon driven by iron and analyze the benefits of the main products in detail. Through this review, we hope to provide new insights into the application of iron chemicals and current wastewater treatment models. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]