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Microbially mediated Fe(II) oxidation has a great potential for attenuating arsenic (As) mobility in an anoxic groundwaters. Green rust (GR), a common Fe(II)-bearing phase in such environments, could be easily oxidized into Fe (oxyhydr)oxides through microbial activity. This study focused on Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1, an anaerobic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing (NRFO) bacterium, to promote the transformation of GR. In biotic GR transformation experiments, magnetite formation occurred at [As] ini = 5 mg/L while lepidocrocite and goethite were formed at [As] ini = 10 mg/L. In the absence of bacterium, the GR persisted throughout the 120-h experiment. Meanwhile, with the addition of strain BoFeN1, the final aqueous As concentration significantly decreased from 0.237 to 0.004 mg/L (C 0 = 5 mg/L) and from 1.457 to 0.096 mg/L (C 0 = 10 mg/L) at 120 h. It was indicated that strain BoFeN1 played a crucial role in promoting the GR transformation and enhancing As immobilization. Further investigations revealed that the role of strain BoFeN1 extended beyond Fe-oxidation. With nitrite (the intermediate of nitrate bioreduction) as oxidizer, lepidocrocite/goethite were formed in the chemical-oxidation system, excluding magnetite. In the Bio - [As] ini = 5 mg/L, the occurrence of lepidocrocite via the bio-oxidation of Fe(II) in GR at 24 h, along with the metabolism of strain BoFeN1 reducing nitrate accompanied with H+ consumption, it should be reasonably deduced that the alkaline micro-environment of periplasm induced by strain BoFeN1 were vital for the transformation of lepidocrocite to magnetite triggered by trace Fe(II). However, in the Bio - [As] ini = 10 mg/L, more As adsorbed on GR inhibiting the adsorption of bacterium, so the alkaline micro-environment had no obvious effect on such transformation. This study helps to understand the interdependence between GR and anaerobic NRFO bacterium, and provides a new perspective for more effective As remediation strategies in anoxic groundwaters. [Display omitted] • Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1 promoted the transformation of GR in presence of As and increased As immobilization. • Bacterium adsorbed on GR to oxidize Fe(II) in GR forming lepidocrocite during the transformation of GR to magnetite. • The alkaline micro-environment induced by strain BoFeN1 was vital for the transformation of GR to magnetite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar-driven sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SSAWH) technology stands as a promising avenue for sourcing freshwater in arid and remote regions. For real-world large-scale applications, the effective water absorption capacity, broad humidity absorption range, and rapid desorption properties of adsorbent materials have been the main goals of the research area. In this context, we have developed a binary salt composite adsorbent material (PAMg-Li) for solar-driven water harvesting by integrating binary hygroscopic salts MgSO 4 particles and LiCl particles, activated carbon fiber (ACF), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The inherent porous structure and interconnected channels at micro and nano scales of PAMg-Li facilitate water absorption, and obtained satisfactory water absorption rate even at 30% relative humidity (RH). It has been shown to be able to achieve a high water storage capacity and realize water desorption under natural light. A home-made device based on PAMg-Li obtained a water evaporation rate of 0.084 kg/(m2·h) under solar radiation intensities ranging from 200 to 850 W/m2. The PAMg-Li material developed in this work can be a candidate for a more practical and effective choice for SSAWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing is an important physiological process in living organisms, involving the migration and proliferation of cells in the endogenous electric field (EEF). Continuous and stable electrical stimulation by an external power supply can effectively mimic the EEF, accelerating the biological processes involved in wound healing. However, the clumsiness of conventional external power supplies and the unstable voltage output of novel power supplies greatly limit the application of electric fields for wound healing. Here we demonstrate the use of a flexible and wearable microbattery for wound healing. The annular electrode is designed to generate an annular electric field in the same direction as the EEF of the wound, allowing for faster, more uniform fibroblast migration, proliferation, and transdifferentiation processes, thus accelerating wound healing. Studies on rats show that skin wounds given a stable electric field using aqueous Zn-MnO 2 microbatteries with an operating voltage of 1.5 V healed completely within 6 days, while the blank control group took 10 days or longer. Further, the series connection of microbatteries can match wounds of different areas, enabling rapid healing. These advantages make flexible microbatteries highly promising for practical applications in the biomedical field. [Display omitted] • A pioneering application of coupling flexible microbatteries (mZMB) with annular electrodes to accelerate wound healing. • mZMB generates an exogenous annular electric field in the same direction as the endogenous electric field within the wound. • The 4.0×4.0 cm2 wound on the rat's skin healed rapidly within 6 days, nearly twice as fast as the blank control group. • mZMBs configured in series and parallel allow the adjustment of their voltages to suit wounds of different sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori is a causative factor of various gastrointestinal tract diseases. As clinical antibiotic-based therapy for H. pylori infection might induce bacterial drug resistance, the in vivo eradication of H. pylori remains a huge challenge. In the present study, monoclonal antibody-conjugated liposomes loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) (Hp Ab-LiP-ICG) were successfully developed for targeted photoacoustic (PA) imaging-guided sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of H. pylori infection in vivo. Hp Ab-LiP-ICG showed high stability and favorable biocompatibility in acidic environment (pH 1.5) and was used for treating H. pylori- infected mice through oral administration. PA imaging showed that Hp Ab-LiP-ICG could precisely recognize and target H. pylori in the stomach. Following the targeting of Hp Ab-LiP-ICG to H. pylori , ICG was activated to generate singlet oxygen (1O 2) for eliminating H. pylori under ultrasound (US) irradiation. Pathological analysis revealed that the Hp Ab-LiP-ICG-mediated SDT eradicated H. pylori without unintended toxicity to normal tissues. In conclusion, the Hp Ab-LiP-ICG-mediated SDT might shed new light on treating H. pylori infection, indicating the clinical translational prospects of this therapy in near future. Traditional antibiotic-based therapy for Helicobacter pylori infections suffers from the risk of drug resistance. To meet this challenge, a monoclonal antibody-conjugated nanoliposome loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) (Hp Ab-LiP-ICG) was successfully developed, and efficient eradication of H. pylori was achieved in vivo by visual sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Hp Ab-LiP-ICG exhibited biocompatibility, targeting, and stability in the acidic microenvironment. Under ultrasound (US) irradiation in vitro , the Hp Ab-LiP-ICG nanoliposomes accumulated on the surface of H. pylori were activated to produce adequate singlet oxygen (1O 2) to eliminate H. pylori. Gastric mucous tissues infected with H. pylori recovered to the normal state after Hp Ab-LiP-ICG-mediated SDT without side effects, thus highlighting the clinical translational prospects of the prepared Hp Ab-LiP-ICG nanoliposome in near future. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness and survival benefit of minimally invasive esophagectomy compared to open esophagectomy (OE) remain controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and oncologic outcomes of McKeown's total minimally invasive esophagectomy (tMIE) and McKeown's OE in the treatment of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A series of 917 consecutive patients (306 OE and 611 tMIE) who underwent McKeown's esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 2011 to December 2016 were evaluated. We performed propensity matching between the tMIE and OE groups on the basis of estimated propensity scores for each patient. After propensity-matched analysis, 288 patients were selected from each group. The rate of postoperative complications, such as pneumonia, respiratory insufficiency, cervical anastomotic leakage, and wound infection, in the OE group was significantly higher than that in the tMIE group. Intraoperative blood loss and operative duration were not significantly different between the matched groups, whereas the tMIE group had a shorter length of intensive care unit stay and postoperative hospital stay than the OE group. The R0 resection rate and the number of lymph nodes harvested were not significantly different between groups. There was no significant difference in median overall survival between the 2 groups after matching. McKeown's tMIE was shown to be a safe and effective procedure with long-term survival comparable to that of OE for the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for pelvic lymph node metastasis (LNM) and para-aortic LNM in non-endometrioid endometrial cancer (non-EEC). A total of 283 patients with non-EEC hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2012 to December 2020 were included. Various characteristics were retrospectively analyzed in relation to LNM. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed cervical stromal invasion (OR = 3.441, 95% CI = 1.558–7.6, p = 0.002), myometrial invasion ≥1/2 (OR = 2.661, 95% CI = 1.327–5.337, p < 0.006), lymphovascular space involvement (LVSI) (OR = 4.118, 95% CI = 1.919–8.837, p < 0.001), positive peritoneal cytology (OR = 2.962, 95% CI = 1.344–6.530, p = 0.007), CA125 (OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 1–1.004, p = 0.026) were the independent risk factors for pelvic LNM. And myometrial invasion ≥1/2 (OR = 5.881, 95% CI = 2.056–16.427, p = 0.001), LVSI (OR = 4.962, 95% CI = 1.933–12.740, p = 0.001), adnexal (OR = 5.921, 95% CI = 2.003–17.502, p = 0.001) were the independent risk factors for para-aortic LNM. With the increase of independent risk factors, the rates of LNM were increased significantly. Cervical stromal invasion, myometrial invasion ≥1/2, LVSI, positive peritoneal cytology, and CA125 were risk factors for pelvic LNM. Myometrial invasion ≥1/2, LVSI and involvement of the adnexa were risk factors for para-aortic LNM which could provide a good basis to help predict which non-EEC patients are at higher risk for LNM. • This article constructs a predictive model for non-endometrioid endometrial cancer pelvic lymph node metastasis. • This article constructs a predictive model for non-endometrioid endometrial cancer para-aortic lymph node metastasis. • With the increase of independent risk factors, the rates of LNM were increased significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A fluorescence decay model related to SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu 0.01 2+ and SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu x 2+, Dy x 3+ (where x = 0.01–0.04) is proposed in this article. By studying the logarithm decay regularity of rare earth doped SrAl 2 O 4 , linear relation for SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu2+ and SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu 0.04 2+, Dy 0.04 3+, and quadratic function decay for SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu x 2+, Dy x 3+ (where x = 0.01–0.03) are found. These nonexponential decay confirm that lifetime spreads to a distribution — P(τ). The complex crystal field around Eu2+ and sensitive 4f65d1 configuration make the excitation state energy levels broaden, promoting the formation of the lifetime distribution. By fitting the afterglow decay curves, logarithm distribution function of SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu2+ and SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu 0.04 2+ presents a linear relation. The deviation from linear distribution function for all the SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu x 2+, Dy x 3+ samples is very small. The residual ratio of electron in excited state and the number of newly increased excitation electron from traps can direct confirm detrapping process after codoping of Dy. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • A fluorescence decay model related to rear earth doped SrAl 2 O 4 is proposed. • Linear relation for SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu2+ and SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu 0.04 2+, Dy 0.04 3+ is found. • Quadratic function decay for SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu x 2+, Dy x 3+ (where x = 0.01–0.03) is found. • Lifetime distribution and residual ratio of electron are determined. • The detrapping role of Dy3+ on fluorescence decay is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric water harvesting presents an effective solution to the global freshwater crisis by passively adsorbing and collecting water molecules from the air. Solar-driven sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SSAWH) is gaining attention due to its low energy consumption, distributable, and environmentally friendly freshwater production method. SSAWH can serve as a vital tool to alleviate water scarcity in remote and arid regions. This review deals with recent advancements in SSAWH technology research. The development and performance of traditional porous adsorbents, hygroscopic salts, hydrogels, MOFs, photothermal materials, and new bionic-type porous materials were compared to analyze their advantages and limitations when applied to SSAWH. We propose corresponding research and development ideas to address the issues. Furthermore, the design improvements of water collection systems and devices applied in real-life scenarios were reviewed and summarized. Lastly, this article provides an outlook on the future development of the field. [Display omitted] • SSAWH tech captures water from air using solar energy and provides decentralized water supply. • Adsorbent materials are crucial to SSAWH, but achieving stability and adaptability is challenging. • Different nanomaterials have been developed with superior absorption and desorption properties. • The system design must improve to maximize efficiency and meet real-world requirements. • Material-water interaction, heat storage, structure and cost need to be balanced in future study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the visual effect of welding defect detection is a key research area of magneto-optical imaging nondestructive testing technology. Finite element analysis and magneto-optical image simulation are used to analyze the characteristics of magneto-optical imaging detection under rotating excitation. Through the stripe analysis of simulated magneto-optical images, it is found that the multi-frame magneto-optical images at defects have low discrete degree of gray value. Therefore, an image fusion method based on pixel standard deviation is proposed for the welding defect detection of magneto-optical imaging. Fast guide filtering is applied to the magneto-optical images of welding defects under rotating excitation. Pixel standard deviation is used to fuse multi-frame magneto-optical images, and image enhancement and rendering are used to improve the visual effect of welding defect detection. The experimental results show that the fast guided filter can improve the speed of image preprocessing and ensure good image smoothing effect. Compared with other image fusion algorithms, the proposed method can significantly improve the image quality of magneto-optical imaging detection, and does not require screening of magneto-optical images. This method has the advantages of tolerating frame drops in acquisition and excellent generalization performance, enabling fast and efficient nondestructive testing of welding defects. • Magneto-optical (MO) images of welding defects by 3D transient model under rotating excitation are simulated. • Periodic MO images under rotating magnetic field help to integrate defect information. • The gray value of multi-frame MO images at the defect has a small change range. • Image fusion based on standard deviation can highlight the defect morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently a conceptual structure design of helium-cooled solid breeder blanket was proposed as one of the candidates for the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). In the blanket, a trapezoidal U-shaped FW was adopted to decrease gaps between blanket modules. Due to high heat flux from plasma and intense irradiation by high-energy neutrons, thermal–mechanical analysis of the FW was carried out to ensure reasonable FW temperature and stress under normal load condition. A fluid–solid coupled code ANSYS was used to verify that the mechanical behavior conforms to the criteria of design codes and standards. The calculations showed that the FW material temperature limit was satisfied when the inner surface of the coolant channel was artificially roughened to 0.5 mm in height. Furthermore, the influence of different FW geometrical configurations on the temperature field and stress distribution was investigated. The results led to improvements to the FW design that can reduce the maximum temperature and stress of FW structural material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elevated level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) triggers salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) death. However, the underlying mechanisms of IFN-γ-induced SGEC death modes are still not fully elucidated. We found that IFN-γ triggers SGEC ferroptosis via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (JAK/STAT1)-mediated inhibition of cystine-glutamate exchanger (System Xc−). Transcriptome analysis revealed that ferroptosis-related markers are differentially expressed in SS human and mouse salivary glands with distinct upregulation of IFN-γ and downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and aquaporin 5 (AQP5). Inducing ferroptosis or IFN-γ treatment in the Institute of cancer research (ICR) mice aggravated and inhibition of ferroptosis or IFN-γ signaling in SS model non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice alleviated ferroptosis in the salivary gland and SS symptoms. IFN-γ activated STAT1 phosphorylation and downregulated system Xc− components solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2), glutathione, and GPX4 thereby triggering ferroptosis in SGEC. JAK or STAT1 inhibition in SGEC rescued IFN-γ-downregulated SLC3A2 and GPX4 as well as IFN-γ-induced cell death. Our results indicate the role of ferroptosis in SS-related death of SGEC and SS pathogenicity. • Ferroptosis markers are differentially expressed in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) salivary gland. • The elevated level of IFN-γ promotes salivary gland epithelial cell (SGEC) ferroptosis in SS. • Inhibition of ferroptosis alleviates SS-induced SGEC death and SS pathogenicity. • IFN-γ-activated JAK/STAT1 signaling inhibits SLC3A2 and GPX4 to induce SGEC ferroptosis. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Increasing RBCs number might improve resistance to 4-HBA stress. • RBCs can resist 4-HBA stress by regulating metabolites in the mucilage. • The secondary metabolites have important role in resistance for Fusarium solani. • RBCs may resist 4-HBA stress by increasing the expression level of lignin synthesis and SOD genes. Autotoxins are a major cause of grapevine replant disease. Root border cells (RBCs) of 'Beta' grapevine seedlings were selected to investigate the mechanism underlying the changes in the composition of grapevine root secretions mediated by autotoxins ρ-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) and their effect on harmful soil fungi (Fusarium solani). The results showed that, compared with control, the root length and number of RBCs were increased under 50 μg·mL–1 4-HBA treatment but inhibited under 200 μg·mL–1 treatment (T200), and no significant difference was found under 100 μg·mL–1 treatment (T100). In the T100 vs CK group, RBCs enhanced metabolites involved in the respiratory pathway and released carbon source substances, such as saccharides and organic acids. In addition, most metabolites of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and gallic acid (GA) of tannins were abundant in the RBC mucilage possibly due to the action of shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH). In the T200 vs CK group, abundance of some metabolites of the respiratory pathway decreased, and dihydroquercetin (DHQ), catechin (C), epicatechin gallate (ECG), quercetin derivative, and hesperetin derivative abundances of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were inhibited possibly due to the declined expression level of PAL and CHS genes. Tannins [such as GA and ellagic acid (EA)] were also decreased in the mucilage of RBCs. Plate confrontation experiments showed that flavonoids [C, DHQ, and naringenin (NAR)] and tannin (GA) inhibited the growth of Fusarium solani to some extent. RBCs may also resist 4-HBA stress by increasing the expression level of lignin synthesis and SOD genes. Our research indicates that RBCs and their mucilage play an important role in protecting the root tips of grapevine against 4-HBA stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of COVID-19 could increase adolescents' psychological distress and have a detrimental effect on their mental health. However, the negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' mental health might be moderated by their existing psychological resources. The present study sought to investigate whether the relationship between adolescents' perceived stress of the COVID-19 pandemic and their depression symptoms was alleviated by their character strengths. A total of 617 adolescents were recruited and completed the online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicated that adolescents' perceived stress of the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly positively correlated with their depression symptoms. Character strengths were significantly negatively correlated with adolescents' perceived stress of the COVID-19 pandemic and their depression symptoms. Moreover, the moderating effect of character strengths on the relationship between adolescents' perceived stress of the COVID-19 pandemic and their depression symptoms was significant. Therefore, adolescents' character strengths as a protective factor could buffer the effect of perceived stress of the COVID-19 pandemic on their depression symptoms and contribute to maintaining their mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study sought to investigate how parental emotional warmth and attachments jointly contribute to adolescents' character strengths. The Chinese version of the Short-Form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (s-EMBU-C), the simplified Chinese version of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R), and the VIA Inventory of Strengths for Youth (VIA-Youth) were administered to 1380 adolescents (M age = 14.43 years, SD = 0.93 years; 49.5% girls) to measure their parental emotional warmth, parental attachment, peer attachment, and character strengths. The results showed a significant positive correlation between parental emotional warmth, parental attachment, peer attachment, and adolescents' character strengths. Parental emotional warmth contributed to adolescents' character strengths via the serial multiple mediating effects of parental attachment and peer attachment. Moreover, parental attachment contributed to adolescents' character strengths via the serial multiple mediating effects of parental emotional warmth and peer attachment. Gender-specific results were not found for these relationships. Our findings revealed the possible mechanisms of the influence of parental emotional warmth and attachments on adolescents' character strengths and provided further insights into the development of character strengths during adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lattice defects participating in energy-transfer behaviour and competition of emissions for rare-earth-doped nanocable arrays are investigated in this article. ZnO:Tb3+/Y 2 O 3 :Eu3+ nanocable arrays embedded in anodized aluminium are synthesized via two-step template assembly approach. The outer diameter of the nanocable is about 61–71 nm. The core diameter is about 21–41 nm. The competition of emissions and lattice defects involving energy-transfer behaviour are found. With adjustment of the molar ratio of doping ion to host lattice cation to 0.01–0.05, the luminescence intensity increases first and then decreases because of concentration quenching. Although the chromaticity coordinates of nanocable arrays varies as doping concentration changes, they stay in the yellow region. In this process, the oxygen vacancy, interstitial zinc and interstitial oxygen serve as media in the energy-transfer process. Simultaneously, energy transfers from oxygen vacancy to Eu3+ and Tb3+ are also found, but energy transfer between Eu3+ and Tb3+ is not found. These nanocable arrays will have wide application in photoelectronic devices and luminescence materials. Image 1 • The competition of dual-wavelength emission is observed for nanocable arrays. • We find that O vacancy involves energy transfer for ZnO:Tb/Y 2 O 3 :Eu nanocable arrays. • O vacancy acts as energy-transfer medium from two kinds of oxide host to RE ions. • With adjustment of the doping ratio from 0.01 to 0.05, the colour coordinates stably stay in the yellow region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moist-electric (ME) is a promising energy that generates electricity from the air by absorbing the gaseous or vaporous water molecules that are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. Even so, all the moisture-generated carriers in the ME generator (MEG) are monovalent ions, which severely limits the diversification of ME materials as well as the further improvement and application of ME. We creatively designed the concentration gradient of high-valent metal cation carriers containing Mg (II) and Al (III) ions in one-dimensional conductive polymer nanowires and applied them to MEG. High-valent metal cation carriers have significant advantages of high ME performance based on two- and three-electron transfer property compared to monovalent ion carriers. Under the stimulation of moisture, Mg MEG achieved a high energy density of 20.8 mWcm−3 in a test circuit with a load resistance, while Al MEG produced a new record of energy density approaching 40 mWcm−3 in MEG research. By integrating Mg MEGs, the manufacture of self-powered intelligent monitoring devices that use human respiratory is developed, which is expected to be applied in wearable energy devices. This work provides insight for the design of the innovative MEG and opens up a pioneering avenue for future energy conversion and storage system. Two kinds of MEGs based on high-valent metal carrier transport. Image 1 • A concentration gradient of Mg(II) or Al(III) ions is designed in a 1D conductive polymer nanowire and applied to MEG. • High-valent metal cation carriers in MEG have merits of high capacity based on two- and three-electron transfer property. • By integrating Mg MEGs, we realized the manufacture of self-powered intelligent devices that use human respiratory. • This work provides a new insight for the innovative design of MEG and opens a pioneering avenue for future energy device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibody–drug conjugates have promising clinical activity in the treatment of solid tumours. BL-B01D1 is a first-in-class EGFR–HER3 bispecific antibody–drug conjugate. We aimed to assess the safety and preliminary antitumour activity of BL-B01D1 in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours. This first-in-human, open-label, multicentre, dose-escalation and dose-expansion phase 1 trial was conducted in seven hospitals in China, enrolling patients aged 18–75 years (dose escalation; phase 1a) or older than 18 years (dose expansion; phase 1b), with a life expectancy of at least 3 months, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–1, and histologically or cytologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours that had progressed on current standard treatment. In the phase 1a i3+3 design, patients received intravenous BL-B01D1 at three different schedules: 0·27 mg/kg, 1·5 mg/kg, and 3·0 mg/kg weekly; 2·5 mg/kg, 3·0 mg/kg, and 3·5 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 of each cycle every 3 weeks; or 5·0 mg/kg and 6·0 mg/kg on day 1 of each cycle every 3 weeks. The primary objectives of phase 1a were to identify the safety, maximum tolerated dose, and dose-limiting toxicity. In phase 1b, patients were treated in two schedules: 2·5 and 3·0 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks, or 4·5, 5·0, and 6·0 mg/kg on day 1 every 3 weeks. The primary objectives of phase 1b were to assess the safety and recommended phase 2 dose of BL-B01D1, and objective response rate was a key secondary endpoint. Safety was analysed in all patients with safety records who received at least one dose of BL-B01D1. Antitumour activity was assessed in the activity analysis set which included all patients who received at least one dose of BL-B01D1 every 3 weeks. This trial is registered with China Drug Trials, CTR20212923, and ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT05194982 , and recruitment is ongoing. Between Dec 8, 2021, and March 13, 2023, 195 patients (133 [65%] men and 62 [32%] women; 25 in phase 1a and 170 in phase 1b) were consecutively enrolled, including 113 with non-small-cell lung cancer, 42 with nasopharyngeal carcinomas, 13 with small-cell lung cancer, 25 with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, one with thymic squamous cell carcinoma, and one with submandibular lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. In phase 1a, four dose-limiting toxicities were observed (two at 3·0 mg/kg weekly and two at 3·5 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks; all were febrile neutropenia), thus the maximum tolerated dose was reached at 3·0 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks and 6·0 mg/kg on day 1 every 3 weeks. Grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events occurred in 139 (71%) of 195 patients; the most common of which were neutropenia (91 [47%]), anaemia (76 [39%]), leukopenia (76 [39%]), and thrombocytopenia (63 [32%]). 52 (27%) patients had a dose reduction and five (3%) patients discontinued treatment due to treatment-related adverse events. One patient was reported as having interstitial lung disease. Treatment-related deaths occurred in three (2%) patients (one due to pneumonia, one due to septic shock, and one due to myelosuppression). In 174 patients evaluated for activity, median follow-up was 6·9 months (IQR 4·5–8·9) and 60 (34%; 95% CI 27–42) patients had an objective response. Our results suggest that BL-B01D1 has preliminary antitumour activity in extensively and heavily treated advanced solid tumours with an acceptable safety profile. Based on the safety and antitumour activity data from both phase 1a and 1b, 2·5 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks was selected as the recommended phase 2 dose in Chinese patients. Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical. For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 1000 μM of ρ-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) had a significant allelopathic effect on seedling growth of grapevine.. • Verapamil (Vp, calcium channel inhibitor) hindered Ca2+ flow from the cell wall to the cytoplasm induced by 1000 μM of 4-HBA. • Vp and 4-HBA decreased the PAL activity and 4-HBA and salicylic acid (SA) content in root exudates. • DETC and 4-HBA decreased the PAL activity and 4-HBA content in root exudates. • Calcium and reactive oxygen signal transductions involved in regulation of root secretion under 4-HBA. ρ-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) is a major autotoxin that can regulate grapevine secretion characteristics and cause replant disease. In our study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of various signal transduction pathways (calcium, Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species) in 4-HBA-induced grapevine root secretions. The roots of grapevine seedlings were treated with specific calcium channel inhibitor (Verapamil, Vp), and inhibitors of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (diethyldithiocarbamate, DETC) and NADPH oxidase (diphenylene iodonium, DPI). The distribution of Ca2+ in the root tip tissues was observed, and the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and phenolic acid content (ρ-Hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid) in the secretions were measured. The results showed that 1000 μM of 4-HBA had a significant allelopathic effect on seedling growth, leading to Ca2+ flow from the cell wall to the cytoplasm, and that Vp hindered this process. The treatments with Vp and 4-HBA or DETC and 4-HBA decreased the PAL activity of roots and 4-HBA content in root exudates compared to the 4-HBA treatment. The salicylic acid (SA) content in root exudates decreased after co-treating with Vp and 4-HBA, DPI and 4-HBA. This result indicates that Ca2+ and SOD play major roles in 4-HBA induced root secretions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop a novel photocatalyst with high catalytic performance under sunlight, AgSCN/Ag 3 PO 4 /C 3 N 4 heterojunction photocatalyst with Z-mechanism has been prepared, which demonstrates excellent photocatalytic performance for ibuprofen degradation. The catalytic activity of AgSCN/Ag 3 PO 4 /C 3 N 4 is 1.5 and 3.3 times that of AgSCN/Ag 3 PO 4 and Ag 3 PO 4 , respectively. The cyclic degradation number of AgSCN/Ag 3 PO 4 /C 3 N 4 increases to seven because of the protection of AgSCN and C 3 N 4 to Ag 3 PO 4. The excellent photocatalytic performance of the AgSCN/Ag 3 PO 4 /C 3 N 4 is attributed from the Z-mechanism with efficient separation efficiency of electron hole pair. A highly efficient sunlight responsive photocatalyst AgSCN/Ag 3 PO 4 /C 3 N 4 heterojunction with Z-mechanism was prepared for the ibuprofen degradation. Image 1 • AgSCN/Ag 3 PO 4 /C 3 N 4 heterojunction photocatalyst with Z-mechanism has been successfully prepared. • AgSCN/Ag 3 PO 4 /C 3 N 4 exhibited obviously improved photocatalytic activity and structure stability than that of AgSCN/Ag 3 PO 4 and Ag 3 PO 4. • The Z-mechanism of AgSCN/Ag 3 PO 4 /C 3 N 4 heterojunction effectively increases the separation efficiency of the photo-generated electron-hole pair. • The suppressed photocorrosion in AgSCN/Ag 3 PO 4 /C 3 N 4 resulted in an increase in the number of cyclic degradations to seven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between weight status and bullying experience is well established, but little is known about the association between overweight or obesity and bullying behaviors among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to provide updated evidence on the association between weight status and exposure to bullying among school children and adolescents. All literature published not later than December 12, 2019 was obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO databases. The odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure the effect size. Results were combined using random-effects or fixed-effects meta-analysis, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore potential heterogeneity moderator factors. This meta-analysis included 26 studies on the association between obesity overweight and bullying. Overall, children and adolescents with obesity had greater odds of experiencing bullying than their counterparts with healthy weight. Children and adolescents with obesity (OR = 1.46, 95 % CI:1.31–1.62), and overweight (OR = 1.24, 95 % CI: 1.17–1.32) were more likely to experience bullying than their normal weight peers. With regards to gender, boys with obesity experienced an increased risk of bullying behaviors than girls with obesity (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.30–1.50). Similarly, boys with overweight experienced an increased risk of bullying behaviors than girls with overweight (OR = 1.19, 95 % CI:1.06–1.34). The present results suggest that children and adolescents must be protected from bullying, especially those that are children and adolescents with obesity overweight and effective strategies are needed to reduce bullying behaviors among children and adolescents in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethylamine hydroxyethyl chitosan (EHC), a novel chitosan derivative which is soluble in aqueous N -methylmorpholine- N -oxide (NMMO) and antibacterial to Escherichia coli ( E . coli ) was synthesized. The structure, solubility and antibacterial capability of EHC were investigated. Results demonstrated the potential application for EHC in manufacture of antibacterial EHC/cellulose Lyocell fiber. Through environment-friendly Lyocell process in aqueous NMMO, the EHC/cellulose fiber was successfully fabricated and the various properties of EHC/cellulose fiber were studied. Results showed the EHC/cellulose fiber exhibited favorable consistency, antibacterial activity, mechanical properties and water retention compared with the fiber without EHC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method was proposed in this study to increase the stability of tooeleite, which is a ferric arsenite sulfate mineral, by synthesizing pure and well-crystallized tooeleite using the hydrothermal method. The effects of temperature, pH and Fe/As were systematically studied; the optimized tooeleite can be obtained under the conditions of pH 1.6, Fe/As 1.5, and 120 °C. Mössbauer spectrum was employed, which proved that the acquired tooeleite was pure and did not contain amorphous phases. The short-term stability of tooeleite was tested using Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, which exhibited relatively good stability compared with that synthesized by the currently existing method. A silica coating method was further utilized to help the tooeleite successfully reach the standard. Finally, the competitive formation of tooeleite and natrojarosite that occured during the hydrothermal process was researched and the preferential formation range of tooeleite was acquired. This study suggests that tooeleite has the potential to be used in the fixation of arsenite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metakaolin, widely applied in concretes and cement-stabilized soft clays to improve their macro performance, was evaluated for use in compacted soils in highway and backfill engineering. The compactability and strength performance of cement-modified soils with metakaolin were evaluated in the terms of their applicability and effectiveness. The cement-based modified soil with metakaolin was more insensitive to water and more convenient in the field rolling compaction. The strengths, in addition to the unconfined compressive strength and splitting tension strength, were improved significantly. Up to a threshold ratio of metakaolin to cement ranging from 1/3 to 1/2 in this case, the strengths increased gradually, while they unexpectedly decreased thereafter. This phenomenon was different from the previously reported metakaolin applications in concrete and cement-stabilized soft clays, which was probably due to the water content and the ratio of metakaolin to hydrated calcium hydroxides of the cements. Microstructure analysis by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis and mercury intrusion porosimetry, demonstrated that the addition of metakaolin led to a higher quantity of hydration products and a denser micro-porosity distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a candidate of tritium breeding blanket for Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR), a helium cooled solid breeder blanket was proposed. The heat deposited on the blanket is cooled by the helium distributing from the manifolds and flowing in the internal channels of cooling components. To make the temperature of the various blanket components within allowable limits, accurate flow control of helium for the coolant channels should be guaranteed. In this paper, the mass flow rates of helium feeding into the coolant channels were obtained by numerical simulation. The results showed that the helium can be distributed relatively uniform into the first wall channels. However, the mass flow rates of some channel inlets of the other components greatly deviated from the theoretical values. Based on structural improvement of the manifolds, the maximum deviations of flow rate were decreased by almost an order of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To bridge the gap between ITER and DEMO and to realize the fusion energy in China, a fusion device Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) was proposed and is being designed mainly to demonstrate 50–200 MW fusion power, 30–50% duty time factor, tritium self-sustained. Because of the high demand of tritium production and the realistic engineering consideration, the design of tritium breeding blanket for CFETR is a challenging work and getting special attention. As a blanket candidate, a helium cooled solid breeder blanket has been designed with the emphasis on conservative design and realistic blanket technology. This paper introduces the basic blanket scheme, including the material selection, structural design, cooling scheme and purge gas flow path. In addition, some results of neutronics, thermal-hydraulic and stress analysis are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim to bridge the R&D gap between ITER and fusion power plant, the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) was proposed to be built in China. The mission of CFETR is to address the essential R&D issues for achieving practical fusion energy. Its blanket is required to be tritium self-sufficient. In this paper, a helium cooled solid breeder blanket adopting multilayer U-shaped pebble beds was designed and analyzed. Thermo-mechanical analysis of the first wall and side wall combined with breeder unit was carried out for normal operating steady state conditions. The results showed that the maximum temperatures of the structural material, neutron multiplier and tritium breeder pebble beds are 523 °C, 558 °C and 787 °C, respectively, which are below the corresponding limits of 550 °C, 650 °C and 920 °C. The maximum equivalent stress of the structure is under the allowable value with a margin about 14.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attentional control indexed by intraindividual reaction time variability (IIRTV), which is found a crucial predictor of children's academic performance, may also be influenced by children's academic achievement. However, the bidirectional longitudinal relationships between children's IIRTV and academic achievement remain unclear. This study aimed to examine this issue in 211 Chinese primary school children (98 girls; M age = 7.39 years, SD age = 0.49). Children's IIRTV was assessed using the flanker task - child version in three waves from the first to the third grade, and the children's final grades in Chinese and math for each year were collected from the school. The results showed that (1) IIRTV to the flanker task decreased with age; (2) IIRTV and Chinese achievement had a bidirectional longitudinal relationship, suggesting that IIRTV predicted prospective Chinese achievement; and Chinese achievement also predicted subsequent IIRTV in children. These findings have implications for promoting children's attentional control and academic performance. • IIRTV as an index of attentional control was related to academic achievement. • IIRTV and Chinese achievement rather than math were predictive of each other. • Lower IIRTV predicted subsequent higher Chinese achievement and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A hygroelectric power generator with energy self-storage is fabricated. • Power generator is integrated with energy storage unit by the Au common electrode. • An array of devices can output a voltage of 2 V to drive a calculator. Devices that convert ambient energy into electricity and simultaneously store it for future usage are highly desirable. Herein, we have designed a hygroelectric power generator with energy self-storage ability (HPGES) by hybridizing a moist-electric energy harvester with a supercapacitor, thus achieving the conversion of chemical energy into electricity and the storage of electric energy at the same time. An array of ten HPGES devices are able to deliver a voltage output of 2 V and adequately drive a commercial calculator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]