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High-resistivity silicon substrates, commonly utilized in Radio Frequency Silicon on Insulator (RF-SOI) and Insulate-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) applications, typically require oxygen content below 2.5E+17 cm − 3 to ensure resistivity stability. Achieving such low oxygen levels in Czochralski-grown silicon crystals remains challenging due to the use of quartz crucibles. In the quest for potential methods to grow ultra-low oxygen crystals, this study systematically revisited the impact of SR and CR on oxygen transport. Initially, an overview of the melt flow state at SR = 0 and CR = 0 is provided. Subsequently, the influence of varying SR values on oxygen concentration at CR = 0 is analyzed, with a novel finding that reducing SR can significantly lower oxygen concentration to below 2.5E17 cm − 3 , as confirmed by both experimentation and simulation. The impact of various CR values at SR = 0 is then analyzed, with results indicating an increase in oxygen concentration with rising CR, consistent with previous reports. Finally, numerous computational cases were conducted to explore the combined effects of SR and CR. The following new conclusions were drawn: It is not feasible to achieve both low oxygen concentration and high radial oxygen uniformity in crystals simultaneously; The level of oxygen concentration is more dependent on melt flow rather than crucible temperature. These findings are of significant guidance for the growth of large-sized, industrial-grade high-resistivity silicon crystals. • Studied 60+ cases on crystal and crucible rotation effects on melt oxygen transport. • A novel finding: crystal rotation significantly increases oxygen concentration. • Negative correlation was found between oxygen concentration and uniformity. • Oxygen concentration inversely to crucible temp, positively to convection intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• There were differences in the distribution of LST across different seasons and UFZ types. • The effects of urban morphology on LST were strongly dependent on the seasons and UFZs types. • Warming and cooling factors varied across seasons and different types of UFZ. • It is necessary to explore the driving factors of UHI across seasons and different types of UFZ to develop targeted mitigating measures. Rapid urbanization intensifies the urban heat island (UHI) effect, leading to a multitude of urban challenges. It is important to conduct comprehensive research to understand the underlying mechanisms driving the UHI. Although previous studies have identified the significance of the effects of urban morphology on land surface temperature (LST), the variations in its effects on LST across seasons and different types of urban functional zone (UFZ) remains undefined. Therefore, we explored the seasonal effects of urban morphology, including landscape indicators, building morphology, and surface biophysical parameters, on LST in different types of UFZ by random forest (RF) regression model. Taking the central urban area of Guangzhou as an example, the results indicated that the impacts of urban morphology on LST were strongly dependent on the seasons and UFZs types. The effects of urban morphology on LST were similar across spring, autumn, and winter, with the building morphology showing substantial impacts in commercial and residential zones. In summer, the effects of surface biophysical parameters on LST were significant, especially in industrial, residential, and public service zones. In addition, warming and cooling factors varied across seasons and UFZs. Vegetation was the effective cooling factor during summer, with its fragmented and irregular distribution making a prominent cooling effect in commercial and residential zones, and its coverage crucial for reducing LST in industrial and public service zones. Building height was the dominant cooling factor in spring, autumn, and winter. We consider that these findings can enhance our understanding of the driving mechanism of UHI effect and offer precise references for urban planning in different seasons and UFZs to effectively mitigate the UHI effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waveform synthesis based on spectral shaping combined with the dispersion-induced frequency-to-time-mapping is much compact and easy to be realized. However, most of the current reported schemes focus only on the tunability of output pulse waveform by designing some specified shaper, without any further considerations for the influences of dispersion medium. In this paper, we make a detail investigation on the dispersion limitations to the waveform synthesis. Results demonstrate that coherent interference within pulse, linear spectrum mapping or incoherent cross-interference among adjacent pulses appear as the dispersion magnitude increasing. Quite different output waveforms can be achieved by choosing the proper dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Massive spatio-temporal data have been collected from the earth observation systems for monitoring the changes of natural resources and environment. To find the interesting dynamic patterns embedded in spatio-temporal data, there is an urgent need for detecting spatio-temporal clusters formed by objects with similar attribute values occurring together across space and time. Among different clustering methods, the density-based methods are widely used to detect such spatio-temporal clusters because they are effective for finding arbitrarily shaped clusters and rely on less priori knowledge (e.g. the cluster number). However, a series of user-specified parameters is required to identify high-density objects and to determine cluster significance. In practice, it is difficult for users to determine the optimal clustering parameters; therefore, existing density-based clustering methods typically exhibit unstable performance. To overcome these limitations, a novel density-based spatio-temporal clustering method based on permutation tests is developed in this paper. High-density objects and cluster significance are determined based on statistical information on the dataset. First, the density of each object is defined based on the local variance and a fast permutation test is conducted to identify high-density objects. Then, a proposed two-stage grouping strategy is implemented to group high-density objects and their neighbors; hence, spatio-temporal clusters are formed by minimizing the inhomogeneity increase. Finally, another newly developed permutation test is conducted to evaluate the cluster significance based on the cluster member permutation. Experiments on both simulated and meteorological datasets show that the proposed method exhibits superior performance to two state-of-the-art clustering methods, i.e., ST-DBSCAN and ST-OPTICS. The proposed method can not only identify inherent cluster patterns in spatio-temporal datasets, but also greatly alleviates the difficulty in selecting appropriate clustering parameters. Highlights • Two permutation tests are proposed to determine high-density objects and cluster significance. • The proposed method greatly alleviates the difficulty in selecting appropriate clustering parameters. • The proposed method exhibits superior performance to two state-of-the-art clustering methods, i.e., ST-DBSCAN and ST-OPTICS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and fouling mitigation mechanisms of UV/Fe(II) synergistically activated sulfite (S(IV)) (UFS) pretreatment to alleviate membrane fouling caused by HA-enhanced Ca2+ scaling. After UFS treatment, hydrophobic substances and carboxyl groups structure were destroyed by the in-situ-generated SO•–4, resulted in a significant reduction of hydrophobic substances ratio and carboxyl group concentration. Due to the formation of more electropositive in-situ-generated Fe(III), the complexation between Ca2+ and carboxyl groups was weakened so that the bulk crystallization size on the membrane surface was greatly reduced. The filter cake enhanced osmotic pressure effect (CEOP) and concentration polarization effect were hence alleviated, as well as the surface roughness. At the microcosmic perspective, as the energy barrier between the membrane and foulants was increased significantly after pretreatment, the anti -foulants adsorption ability of the membrane was enhanced. Correlation analysis showed that the carboxyl concentration and density, HPO ratio, larger particle size (>100 nm) ratio, the Ca2+ concentration in the scaling layer and energy barrier all had a good correlation with the membrane resistance. This research not only provides an advanced oxidation technology that can effectively alleviate the synergistically-fouling effect of HA and Ca2+ of nanofiltration process, but also proposes a guidance for the UV/Fe(II) synergistically activated sulfite. [Display omitted] • UV and Fe(II) synergistic activation of sulfite highly improved the treatment effect. • UFS can significantly increase the energy barrier between foulants and membrane. • The mechanism of UFS was analyzed by both linear and Pearson correlation analysis. • CEOP and concentration polarization effect were highly alleviated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, twin lamellae with microscale and nanoscale in 300 mm (001) Czochralski monocrystalline silicon were characterized by nanotopography (NT), X-ray topography (XRT), scanning infrared depolarization (SIRD), and localized light scattering (LLS). The structure of twin lamellae was investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the characterization results, the geometry of micro-scale and nano-scale twin lamellae are reconstructed and the starting points of twinning were located. It is found that the two types of twin lamellae are both on {111} plane and identified as Σ3 twin. Furthermore, the formation mechanism and origins of twin lamellae in this work were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) pretreatment can effectively alleviate the nanofiltration fouling. • Both surface crystallization and bulk crystallization were occurred. • Indicators with a strong linear correlation to irreversible resistance were verified. • Competitive adsorption was occurred between in-situ formed Fe(III) and Ca2+ at NOM. • Total treatment cost with UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) pretreatment was reduced by 74%. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of a pre-treatment involving sulfite (S(IV)) synergistically activated by ultraviolet (UV)/Fe(II) on natural organic matter (NOM)-enhanced Ca2+ scaling during nanofiltration treatment. Based on the variations in the physicochemical properties and correlation analyses of irreversible resistance, the intrinsic fouling mechanisms were revealed from two aspects: bulk crystallization (interaction between NOM and inorganic ions) and surface crystallization (morphology of surface crystallization and a change in the Ca2+ concentration in the scaling layer). Furthermore, the degradation contribution rates of different free radicals during the UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) (UFS) treatment process were evaluated. During the reactions in the UFS, three free radicals (SO·–4, OH·– and e- aq) were generated, and in-situ Fe(III) was formed in-situ. The carboxyl groups of the NOM were attacked by the free radicals, resulting in decreased of carboxyl concentration and density. In addition, the bond between Ca2+ and NOM weakened, and hydrophobic (HPO) substances were mineralized. However, the Fe(III) formed in-situ was active and electropositive, competing with Ca2+ for the complexation active sites on the NOM. The synergy effect of bulk crystallization and surface crystallization led to a significant decrease in the particle size of feed solution. The crystal size and roughness of membrane surface also decreased, which was conducive to reducing the membrane irreversible resistance. Correlation analysis revealed that the HPO ratio, carboxyl density and particle size (> 100 nm) ratio were effective characterization parameters for predicting irreversible resistance. This study not only provides guidance for alleviating membrane fouling caused by NOM-enhanced Ca2+ scaling during the nanofiltration process, but also presents the rationality of irreversible resistance during nanofiltration process and various indicators with strong linear correlation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of public's environmental protection awareness, the market share of LED in the photocuring field is also expanding rapidly, so it is necessary to develop matching photoinitiators. Here, we prepared a molecule (ND-1) possessing both co-initiating and polymerizable groups, and it exhibits a good initiation effect on acrylate monomers under UV-LED irradiation. The double bond conversion rate reaches up to 80% especially for tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA). Due to excellent photocuring effect of ND-1 , it can initiate monomer polymerization in the presence of color paste and was successfully applied to photocurable inks. In addition, ND-1 exhibits low migration and low toxicity, which is very important to promote the application of packaging with photocurable inks in the food, medical, personal care and tobacco fields. Finally, the photoinitiation mechanism of ND-1 was explored. The free radicals not only come from the cleavage of C─O bond, but also intermolecular hydrogen abstraction. • A novel photoinitiator ND-1 with low toxicity and low-migration was synthesized. • ND-1 can initiate photopolymerization of acrylate monomers under UV-LED irradiation. • The free radicals are produced through ND-1 homolysis and intermolecular hydrogen abstraction. • ND-1 has been successfully applied to photocurable inks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indirect health monitoring is an emerging concept in bridge engineering, aimed at identifying the modal parameters of bridges, including their natural frequencies, by utilizing acceleration data from passing vehicles. However, this approach faces significant challenges due to noise from road surface conditions and other environmental disturbances, which complicate the accurate identification of natural frequencies. The primary effect of noise is the introduction of spurious mathematical modes in the stabilization diagram, making the identification process more difficult. This paper presents a novel, fully autonomous approach to address these challenges, leveraging subspace state-space system identification within the framework of autonomous operational modal analysis. Initially, vehicle acceleration data are processed using a subspace algorithm that incorporates QR decomposition of the projected Hankel matrix. Modal parameters are identified across various model orders, and a multi-clustering algorithm is employed to filter out non-physical poles from the stabilization diagram. The key contributions of this work are threefold: (1) the development of a robust subspace framework that autonomously eliminates spurious poles from the stabilization diagram using QR decomposition, thereby improving the accuracy and interpretability of modal analysis; (2) the validation of this framework through a combination of numerical simulations and experimental data; and (3) the establishment of a foundation for future innovations in structural health monitoring for bridge infrastructure. [Display omitted] • Novel subspace-based framework for indirect bridge health monitoring developed. • Autonomous method eliminates spurious modes from the stabilization diagram. • Framework validated numerically across varying vehicle speeds and road profiles. • Experimental tests confirm bridge modal feature extraction from vehicle data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carex-dominated peatlands, which are widely developed in Northeast Asia, are one of the planet's most important carbon sinks, playing a key role in controlling the global carbon cycle. However, our understanding of how net carbon sequestration processes are linked to climatic changes for the modern tussock stage (MTS) and the under tussock stage (UTS) of Carex- dominated peatlands remain unclear. In this study, we systematically investigated the carbon sequestration history and its climatic factors potentially driving these changes in the Xinqing peatland from the Lesser Khingan mountains of Northeast Asia. Results suggest that this peatland initiated development prior to 1348 cal yr BP and then evolved into the modern tussock. The average apparent carbon accumulation rate (ACAR) and the net carbon accumulation rate (NCAR) of the MTS was 261.57 g C/m2 yr and 8.58 g C/m2 yr, while the average ACAR and NCAR of the UTS was 16.90 g C/m2 yr and −0.43 g C/m2 yr, respectively. Furthermore, the high efficient net carbon sequestration modes of these two stages can be identified as follows: The first mode was a precipitation-controlled mode. The nutrient input linked to precipitation was the major driving factor for the highly efficient net carbon sequestration of the UTS. Precipitation increased the nutrient input, promoting the increase in productivity of the Carex community, resulting in the high NCAR of the UTS. The second mode was a temperature-controlled mode. With total solar irradiance being the major driving factor for the high efficient net carbon sequestration of the MTS, the increased temperature contributed to the high productivity of the Carex community, resulting in the high NCAR of the MTS. These results add to our understandings of the connections between climatic changes and net carbon sequestration abilities of Carex -dominated peatlands, which may provide an important foundation for future predictions on the carbon sequestration potential of these types of peatlands world-wide. [Display omitted] • Net carbon sequestration of Carex -dominated peatlands was sensitive to climatic changes. • Carbon sequestration ability of the modern tussock stage is higher than the under tussock stage. • High nutrient input promoted net carbon sequestration of the under tussock stage. • High temperature promoted net carbon sequestration of the modern tussock stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new robust branch and bound pure integer programming phase unwrapping (BB-PIP-PU) algorithm for multi-baseline InSAR based on operations research is proposed. • To improve noise robustness, a rectangular window is innovatively designed to replace ambiguity number at the center mutation point with ambiguity number with the highest frequency in the rectangular window. • This proposed algorithm not only has better unwrapping ability even in abrupt topographic changes areas, but also weakens the requirement of the baselines. Phase unwrapping (PU) represents a crucial bottleneck restricting the practical application of InSAR technique. According to the relationship between the same relative elevation and each interferometric phase differential, a new robust branch and bound pure integer programming phase unwrapping (BB-PIP-PU) algorithm for multi-baseline InSAR based on operations research is proposed. This algorithm constructs an N dimensional space with the ambiguity number as the axis. It takes the intercept of the i th ambiguity number axis as the objective function, and the directed ray intersecting the N-1 dimensional plane as the constraint condition. Firstly, it takes the optimal solution of i th ambiguity number axis as the solution starting point. Then, it increments by one pixel successively to verify whether the solution set composed of the remaining ambiguity numbers meets the integer condition, until the condition is established. Finally, the optimal integer solution of the N ambiguity numbers is determined. To improve noise robustness, a rectangular window is innovatively designed to replace ambiguity number at the center mutation point with ambiguity number with the highest frequency in the rectangular window. The significant advantages of this algorithm are that it has better unwrapping ability in the abrupt topographic change region, compared with the branch-cut, LS and MCF algorithms. Moreover, it weakens the baseline requirement of interferometric pairs, compared with the CRT algorithm. Finally, experimental results on both simulated and real data illustrate the good performance of our approach in terms of the effectiveness, universality, reliability, and noise robustness ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a double-Mach–Zehnder (MZ)-based ring resonator for optical pulse repetition rate multiplication and shaping. In one hand, by adjusting the ring resonator circumference, optical pulse trains with different repetition factors 2× or 3× are obtained, and all the optical pulses are uniform amplitude and identical shaping. On the other hand, by optimizing phase parameters of the two MZ interferometers to change impulse response amplitude or phase of the ring resonator, the output pulse trains with step envelope or triangular envelope can be achieved when the input pulse width is sufficient narrow. In addition, if the input pulse width is broad enough to interfere with each other, every individual pulse in the optical pulse trains can be shaped into triangular waveform flexibly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great significance to develop the nonprecious metal oxide electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for water splitting. Herein we report an in-situ growth of the ternary NiCoFe-layered double hydroxide nanosheets on surface etching nickel foam (NiCoFe LDHs/NF) without adding any nickel precursor. In this method, etching Ni matrix by Fe3+ not only provides the slowly released nickel ions, but also intensifies the Fe–Ni interaction between the directly grown active species and Ni foam. Therefore the composition, electronic structure, and morphology of the electrocatalysts can be easily regulated only by adjusting Co2+:Fe3+ ratio in the precursor solution. The obtained NiCo 1 Fe 1 LDH/NF, which is formed in 1:1 Co2+:Fe3+ solution, has highest content of Ni3+ and Co3+ active sites and the largest electrochemical active area. It exhibits an outstanding OER performance with a small overpotential of 231 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and excellent durability at 50 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH solution. • NiCoFe LDH was in-situ synthesized through etching Ni foam to provide Ni ions. • Structure of the catalyst was regulated by adjusting the ratio of Co2+:Fe3+ in the precursor solution. • Fe–Ni interaction can be promoted by Fe3+ etching Ni matrix. • High valence Ni3+ and Co3+ formed in NiCoFe LDH were favorable for its catalysis for OER. • The electrocatalyst with optimized structure exhibits high performance for OER in 1 M KOH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Propose a multi-task network using correlations between acoustic scenes and sound events to improve sound event detection. • First use of soft parameter sharing approach to the joint task of acoustic scene classification and sound event detection. • Design a dual-stream attention convolution module and introduce coordinated attention mechanism as fusion unit. • Experimental results on two different datasets show that our proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Sound event detection (SED) and acoustic scene classification (ASC) are critical tasks in computational environmental sound scene analysis. Both exhibit significant potential across diverse applications, including urban environment detection, smart home integration, and anomaly monitoring. Considering the intricate relationship between acoustic scenes and sound events, researchers have proposed a joint analysis method for SED and ASC tasks using multi-task learning (MTL). However, conventional MTL-based methods rely mainly on a hard parameter-sharing mechanism, which restricts information flow and collaborative learning among tasks during training. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel MTL method for SED that employs a soft parameter-sharing mechanism to explore the intrinsic correlation between acoustic scenes and sound events. A cross-stitch mechanism is introduced in this study to facilitate soft parameter-sharing between the SED and ASC tasks by employing scene information to improve the performance of the SED tasks and ensure training efficiency. Furthermore, a dual-stream attention convolution module (DACM) is designed to capture global and local contextual information through parallel branches of attention and convolution. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method in SED tasks, we tested two datasets: the TUT Acoustic Scenes 2016/2017 and TUT Sound Events 2016/2017 datasets and the synthetic sound scene datasets. Experimental results indicate that the proposed MTL method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches, demonstrating that acoustic scene information can improve the performance of SED tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a high-efficiency scheme to generate THz waves combined with optimized cascaded difference frequency generation (OCDFG) and optical parametric oscillator (OPO) consisting of a periodic poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal or an aperiodic poled lithium niobate (APPLN) crystal at 100 K. The phase mismatches of the OCDFG are decreased in cascaded Stokes processes and increased in cascaded anti-Stokes processes respectively by setting desirable poling periods along the APPLN crystal length. By setting the reflectance of the OPO cavity mirrors, pump energies are transferred to the cascaded Stokes waves rather than the cascaded anti-Stokes waves. As a result, the cascaded Stokes processes are greatly enhanced and the cascaded anti-Stokes processes are greatly weakened simultaneously through the combination of OCDFG and OPO. Theoretical calculations show that optical-to-THz energy conversion efficiencies in excess of 40 % can be achieved when the pump intensity is 10 MW/cm2 at 100 K. The scheme can be applied to the generation of pulsed, quasi-continuous or continuous THz waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• BDD anodizing was utilized prior to UF for algae-laden water treatment. • Though high portion of algae dead, only limited part of IOM released. • Slightly secondary release from cake layer was detected. • The prefiltration effect was impact by the cell integrity of cake layer. In this study, ultrafiltration (UF) pre-oxidation with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was employed aiming to mitigate membrane fouling during algae-laden water treatment. It was found that BDD anodizing can efficiently alleviate membrane fouling regardless of the filtration membrane material when the oxidation time was over 30 min. This was because that the cake layer fouling resistance was highly mitigated by the pre-oxidation process. The generated small molecular organics after anodic oxidation might increase the potential of pore blockage. The anodizing preferentially oxidized hydrophobic organic and fluorescent substances, which is conducive to reducing membrane fouling and improving production efficiency. Besides, disinfection byproduct precursors and harmful algae derived substances of UF filtrated solution were contained. The algae bodies tend to agglomeration and the zeta potential obviously declined after the pretreatment, which is instrumental in forming a loose cake layer structure. In addition, the interaction force between membrane and foulants also converted to a repulsion force after pre-oxidation, which implies that BDD pre-oxidation was an effective way to mitigate cake layer fouling by reducing foulant-membrane interactions. At last, the secondary organic release of a dynamic formed cake layer was proved to be limited especially for living algae cells. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study incorporated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a kind of siloxane-based chain extender (SDO) into polyether urethanes (PEU). The correlation between microphase separation structure and mechanical properties, surface properties and wear resistance were investigated using multiple characterization techniques such as DSC, DMA, SAXS, ATR-FTIR, and XPS. The addition of PDMS significantly reduced the friction coefficient of PEU and enhances the hydrophobicity. The addition of SDO helped to improve the compatibility between PDMS and hard segments of PEU as proved by the fact that the glass transition temperatures of PDMS segments were shifted to higher temperatures and the fraction of loosely hydrogen-bonded carbonyls increased. Due to the improved interfacial adhesion between the immiscible segments, the wear resistance of PEU modified by both PDMS and SDO was obviously enhanced. [Display omitted] • Phase morphology of Si-containing PUs were explored with different molecular weight but constant weight fraction of PDMS. • More silicon content on the surface of PUs reduces the friction coefficient, despite the tensile strength was decreased. • To endow PUs with great abrasion resistance, low friction coefficient and robust mechanical properties should be balanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a prototypical serine protease, neutrophil elastase (NE) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation, and its dysregulated activation is closely associated with organ damage related to inflammation. Despite the existence of several NE-responsive fluorescent probes, they are still susceptible to interference from auto-fluorescence caused by real-time excitation light. In this study, we developed a chemiluminescent probe named NE-CL for the detection of endogenous NE activity both in vitro and in vivo. The NE-CL consists of an acrylate-substituted dioxetane scaffold, a self-immolative linker, and a perfluorinated propionamide substrate that acts as the recognition group. In the presence of NE, a significant amount of chemiluminescence is generated by NE-CL with an impressive signal-to-noise ratio (∼342-fold) and high sensitivity (LOD∼20.8 ng/mL). Furthermore, the exceptional selectivity and appropriate luminescence duration time of NE-CL render it suitable for in vivo sensing. More importantly, NE-CL has been successfully utilized to differentiate various cell lines based on endogenous NE activity and visualize NE expression levels in mice inflammation model. These finding suggest that NE-CL possesses great potential for highly sensitive and accessible detection of NE-related diseases in the future. A sensitive and facilely synthetic chemiluminescent probe, NE-CL , was designed for visualizing Neutrophil elastase levels in vivo. [Display omitted] • A chemiluminescent probe NE-CL for detection of Neutrophils elastase is designed. • NE-CL shows an ultra-high signal turn-on ratio and excellent sensitivity. • NE-CL is capable of imaging endogenous Neutrophils elastase activity. • Distinguishing of inflammation tissues in mice model is successfully achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying anomalies from geochemical data by modeling of the background and statistical evaluation of anomalies is a major concern in geochemical exploration. This study developed a novel method (namely YangScan) for extracting geochemical anomalies by using Yang Chizhong filtering and a spatial scan statistic. The Yang Chizhong filtering, a progressive filtering method on the principle of weighted moving mean of binomial coefficient, was used to construct the background whose concavity and convexity are consistent with the original data. After removing the background from the original data, a spatial scan statistic based on multidirectional optimization was developed to identify arbitrary shaped and statistically significant anomalies from the residuals. YangScan was tested on both simulated datasets and a stream sediment geochemical dataset collected in the Northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China. The experimental results evaluated by geology consistency, recall, and weights of evidence contrast show that YangScan outperforms the two comparision methods (i.e., the trend surface analysis method and k -nearest neighbor anomaly detector) in identifying weak and irregularly-shaped geochemical anomalies. The distribution of geochemical anomalies linked to Au mineralization identified by YangScan is highly correlated with the trending of known Au deposits and ore-controlling structures. Therefore, YangScan is a powerful tool for identifying geochemical anomalies and can provide a useful reference for mineral exploration. • A new geochemical anomaly detection method (YangScan) is developed based on Yang Chizhong filtering and spatial scan statistic. • Irregularly shaped and statistically significant geochemical anomalies can be identified by YangScan. • Geochemical anomalies linked to gold mineralization in Northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula are recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]