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In the shape measurement of convex hyperboloid mirrors with large relative apertures, alignment deviations can significantly affect the accuracy of null test results owing to their sensitivity, resulting in inaccurate results. This paper introduces autocollimation and compensation methods. Subsequently, a shape detection experiment of a large relative aperture convex hyperboloid mirror with a diameter of 15 mm was conducted using the aforementioned methods. Further, a detailed simulation analysis was performed to address the inconsistencies between the two test results. The results suggested that the Hindle sphere method was highly sensitive to distance deviation. Furthermore, the distances in the optical path exerted a complementary effect, which easily obscured the true surface shape of the measured part. The computer-generated hologram (CGH) method could accurately determine the true surface shape deviation based on the alignment judgment provided by the aligned CGH part. These studies provide scientific guidance for more accurately obtaining the true surface shape error of the hyperboloid mirror under test, and have significant engineering application value. • Shape detection experiment of large relative aperture convex hyperboloid mirror. • Simulation analysis to address inconsistencies between two test results. • The larger relative aperture, the more distance sensitivity in Hindle sphere method. • The complementary effect in Hindle sphere method makes the test result inaccurate. • The higher alignment precision in CGH method makes the test result more accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Solid-liquid two-phase fire extinguishing powders are efficiently prepared. • The suppression efficiency of hydrogen jet flames is experimentally investigated. • The physicochemical fire extinguishing mechanism is clarified. With the rapid development of the global hydrogen energy industry, the issue of hydrogen energy safety has attracted much attention. To cope with the potential risks and challenges, there is an urgent need to strengthen the research, development and application of hydrogen energy fire protection technology. In this study, the core–shell structural solid–liquid composite fire extinguishing powders (CSSLP) containing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and potassium bicarbonate (PTB) are prepared. The determined process parameters for optimal preparation of powders are solid–liquid mass ratio of 1:10, stirring speed of 8000 rpm and stirring time of 40 s, respectively. As for the suppression of explosive overpressure, the results show that the CSSLP-ADP presents the strongest inhibitory capacity when the hydrogen release pressures are 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 MPa, corresponding to peak overpressure inhibition rates of 89.11 %, 74.82 %, and 81.55 %, respectively. However, the overpressure suppression efficiencies of CSSLP-PTB only reaches 53.09 %, 45.43 % and 61.64 %, respectively, under the same pressure conditions. Furthermore, the CSSLP-ADP exhibits the relatively highest suppression efficiency of 15.36 % for the average velocity of jet flame front propagation at a release pressure of 2.0 MPa. Meanwhile, combined with the results of fire extinguishing, pyrolysis and characterization experiments, the physicochemical synergistic inhibition mechanism of CSSLP-ADP is revealed and predicted. This study can effectively promote the safe development of the hydrogen energy industry and also provide effective countermeasures for the prevention of hydrogen safety accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, silica products are widely used in daily life, especially in skin applications, which inevitably increases the risk of silica exposure in general population. However, inadequate awareness of silica's potential hazards and lack of self-protection are of concern. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by progressive tissue fibrosis under environmental and genetic interactions. Silica exposure is considered an important causative factor for SSc, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Within this study, we showed that lower doses of silica significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and activation of human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) within 24 h. Silica injected subcutaneously into mice induced and exacerbated skin fibrosis. Notably, silica increased histone deacetylase-4 (HDAC4) expression by inducing its DNA hypomethylation in normal HSFs. The elevated HDAC4 expression was also confirmed in SSc HSFs. Furthermore, HDAC4 was positively correlated with Smad2/3 phosphorylation and COL1, α-SMA, and CTGF expression. The HDAC4 inhibitor LMK235 mitigated silica-induced upregulation of these factors and alleviated skin fibrosis in SSc mice. Taken together, silica induces and exacerbates skin fibrosis in SSc patients by targeting the HDAC4/Smad2/3 pathway. Our findings provide new insights for evaluating the health hazards of silica exposure and identify HDAC4 as a potential interventional target for silica-induced SSc skin fibrosis. [Display omitted] • Silica exposure boosts proliferation, migration, and activation of skin fibroblasts. • Silica exposure induces DNA hypomethylation of HDAC4 and increase its expression. • Silica induces and exacerbates skin fibrosis by targeting the HDAC4/Smad2/3 pathway. • HDAC4 inhibition alleviates silica-induced skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanosensitivity of inflammation can alter cellular mechanotransduction. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the metabolic mechanism of inflammation under mechanical force to guide tissue remodeling better. Herein, we found that inflammation hindered bone remodeling under mechanical force, accompanied by a simultaneous enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. The control of metabolism direction through GNE-140 and Visomitin revealed that enhanced glycolysis might act as a compensatory mechanism to resist OXPHOS-induced osteoclastogenesis by promoting osteogenesis. The inhibited osteogenesis induced by inflammatory mechanical stimuli was concomitant with a reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). PGC-1α knockdown impeded osteogenesis under mechanical force and facilitated osteoclastogenesis by enhancing OXPHOS. Conversely, PGC-1α overexpression attenuated the impairment of bone remodeling by inflammatory mechanical signals through promoting glycolysis. This process benefited from the PGC-1α regulation on the transcriptional and translational activity of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and the tight control of the extracellular acidic environment. Additionally, the increased binding between PGC-1α and LDHA proteins might contribute to the glycolysis promotion within the inflammatory mechanical environment. Notably, LDHA suppression effectively eliminated the bone repair effect mediated by PGC-1α overexpression within inflammatory mechanical environments. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a novel molecular mechanism illustrating how inflammation orchestrated glucose metabolism through glycolysis and OXPHOS to affect mechanically induced bone remodeling. [Display omitted] • Periodontitis led to an adaptive metabolic alteration with a dual enhancement of OXPHOS and glycolysis. • Enhanced glycolysis promoted osteogenesis to resist OXPHOS-induced osteoclastogenesis. • PGC-1α-LDHA axis switched mitochondrial OXPHOS and cytoplasmic glycolysis to regulate bone regeneration. • PGC-1α knockdown enhanced OXPHOS and impeded mechanically induced bone remodeling. • PGC-1α-LDHA interplay promoted glycolysis to rescue inflammation-induced bone damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the marine environment, nanoparticles play a role in adsorbing and catalytically degrading organic pollutants, thereby mitigating their toxic effects on aquatic organisms. This study aimed to investigate the impact of nano titanium dioxide (nTiO 2) and tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) on the hemolymph and digestive function of the thick-shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. Mussels were divided into a control group, a group exposed to TCPP alone, a group exposed to a combination of TCPP and 0.5 mg/L nTiO 2 , and a group exposed to a combination of TCPP and 1 mg/L nTiO 2. After 14 days of exposure, oxidative stress responses, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, immune defense responses, including acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities, and gene expression, including HSP70 expression, were measured in the hemolymph and digestive glands of the mussels. Compared to the control group, mussels solely exposed to 100 μg/L TCPP exhibited a significant reduction in SOD activity in the hemolymph. When TCPP was co-exposed with 0.5 mg/L nTiO 2 , there were significant increases in MDA content and AKP activity in both the digestive gland and hemolymph compared to the control group. Upon co-exposure of TCPP with 1 mg/L nTiO 2 , MDA content and AKP activity in the digestive gland significantly decreased, while SOD, ACP, and AKP activity in the hemolymph significantly increased and MDA content significantly decreased, returning to the control group levels. Furthermore, in the combined exposure, HSP70 gene expression significantly decreased as the nTiO 2 concentration increased from 0.5 mg/L to 1 mg/L. In summary, TCPP impacted the hemolymph and digestive function of mussels, whereas a concentration of 1 mg/L nTiO 2 effectively alleviated the toxic effects of TCPP. This study is crucial for assessing the ecological risks of nanoparticles and emerging organic pollutants in marine environments, and provides new insights into the interaction between nTiO 2 and TCPP, as well as the influence of nTiO 2 concentration on mitigating TCPP toxicity. [Display omitted] • Low concentration of nTiO 2 enhances the toxic effects of TCPP on mussels. • High concentration of nTiO 2 reduces the toxic effects of TCPP on mussels. • Mussels exhibit tissue-specific responses under combined low-concentration nTiO 2 and TCPP stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study performed an experimental investigation to explore the effect of co-combustion of coal with biomass on the morphological parameters and nanostructure of soot. Three types of soot, namely Shenghua coal (SH) soot, Pinewood biomass (PW) soot, and Co-combustion of SH and PW (CC) soot, were collected from the combustion flames of Shenhua coal, Pinewood biomass, and a mixture of coal and biomass. Thereafter, the soot samples were observed and analyzed by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to obtain their morphological parameters and nanostructure characteristics. The TEM results showed that the size of nascent soot particles generated in co-combustion flame is the largest, rather than between the sizes of PW and SH soot. The nanostructure of the three types of soot primary particles is mainly composed of straight parallel crystal stripes. The separation distance of crystal stripes in SH soot was measured to be larger than that in PW soot, indicating that the crystal structure of soot generated in Pine biomass combustion flame is more compact. It was also observed that both coal-derived primary soot particles and biomass-derived primary soot particles were formed in the co-combustion flame. SEM results indicated that PW soot agglomerates have stronger aggregation performance and more compact structure then SH soot and CC soot. The primary particle size of SH and CC soot agglomerates was mainly concentrated between 50 and 70 nm, while that of PW soot agglomerates was relatively uniform. Furthermore, the number of primary particles in SH soot and CC soot was distributed over a wide range compared to PW soot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study experimentally investigated the evolution of the nanomorphology, graphite crystals, oxidation reactivity, and functional groups of soot in a single coal combustion flame. Nascent (sample #1), young (sample #2), and mature (sample #3) soot were collected from a Shenhua single coal combustion flame. The soot samples were then tested and analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine their physicochemical characteristics. The results showed that the nascent soot was an individual particle, the mature soot was a highly agglomerated soot aggregate, and the young soot was a transitional particle. The primary particles of sample #1 comprised several randomly orientated individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) crystal sheets, whereas the primary particles of samples #2 and #3 were typical core-shell graphite structures. The sp2/sp3 content, volatile organic fraction, and oxidation rate constant of samples #1, #2, and #3 decreased, resulting in successively weakened reactivity. The infrared spectrum absorption of 2800–3000 and 1700–900 cm−1 indicated that the hydrogen in the three coal-derived soot samples was mainly aromatic rather than aliphatic. Furthermore, the proportion of solo and duo aromatic out-of-plane (OPLA) C H bending in samples #1, #2, and #3 increased, whereas the proportion of trio-quatro OPLA C H bending decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 2.5 μm or less in ambient air (PM2.5) has become a global public and environmental problem, and the control of the PM2.5 concentration in air is an urgent problem. PM2.5 can easily penetrate the skin, activating the inflammatory response in skin, unbalancing the skin barrier function, and inducing skin aging. Hyperpigmentation is the main manifestation of skin aging and has a considerable impact on quality of life worldwide. To date, no research on the influence of PM2.5 on hyperpigmentation has been conducted. Here, we illustrate that PM2.5 can induce melanogenesis in vivo and in vitro by regulating TYR, TYRP1, TYRP2, and MITF expression via AhR/MAPK signaling activation. Furthermore, PM2.5 increased α-MSH paracrine levels, which in turn promote hyperpigmentation. Our results provide a deeper understanding of how PM2.5 disrupts skin homeostasis and function. Treatment with AhR antagonists may be a potential therapeutic strategy for hyperpigmentation induced by PM2.5. [Display omitted] • PM2.5 can induce melanogenesis via AhR/MAPK signaling activation in vitro. • PM2.5 can increase melanin contents in zebrafish model. • PM2.5 can increase the α-MSH paracrine level to promote melanogenesis. • AhR antagonists may protect skin health from damage of PM2.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A generalized multi-linear regression is proposed based on low rank tensor ring decomposition. • Two optimization models are built up for tensor ring ridge regression based on rank minimization and tensor factorization. • Experiments on spatio-temporal forecasting tasks and 3D reconstruction of human motion demonstrate the enhanced performance. The emergence of large-scale data demands new regression models with multi-dimensional coefficient arrays, known as tensor regression models. The recently proposed tensor ring decomposition has interesting properties of enhanced representation and compression capability, cyclic permutation invariance and balanced tensor ring rank, which may lead to efficient computation and fewer parameters in regression problems. In this paper, a generally multi-linear tensor-on-tensor regression model is proposed that the coefficient array has a low-rank tensor ring structure, which is termed tensor ring ridge regression (TRRR). Two optimization models are developed for the TRRR problem and solved by different algorithms: the tensor factorization based one is solved by alternating least squares algorithm, and accelerated by a fast network contraction, while the rank minimization based one is addressed by the alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm. Comparative experiments, including Spatio-temporal forecasting tasks and 3D reconstruction of human motion capture data from its temporally synchronized video sequences, demonstrate the enhanced performance of our algorithms over existing state-of-the-art ones, especially in terms of training time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of global hydrogen energy industry, the issue of hydrogen energy safety has emerged, it is prone to cause a serious explosion accident once hydrogen leaks. Therefore, it is urgent to develop efficient suppression media to reduce the severity of hydrogen explosion accidents. In this paper, a new compounded powder composed of ordinary ultra-fine dry powder extinguishing agent (ODPEA) and zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) is prepared. On the basis of material preparation, an experimental system of hydrogen explosive suppression is established to explore the inhibitory effect of ODPEA-ZHS. In terms of explosion overpressure, the results show that the peak overpressure suppression rates of ODPEA-ZHS are 90.12 %, 92.31 %, and 93.04 % for hydrogen release pressures of 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 MPa, respectively. Besides, the flame front propagation velocity under the action of ODPEA-ZHS reaches a suppression rate of 40.55 %. Furthermore, the overpressure suppression efficiency of ODPEA-ZHS exceeds 90 % when ignites 1.0 m axially from leak port. Ultimately, the physicochemical synergistic inhibition mechanism of ODPEA-ZHS is revealed by combining material characterization and pyrolysis results. This study can provide effective countermeasures for accident prevention in hydrogen energy industry, and also contribute to the establishment of hydrogen energy safety standards and norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two varieties of mango juices (MJs) were separately fermented with 40 strains Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. The volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of the fermented mango juices (FMJs) were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC–MS and Napping method. The results demonstrated well growth among all strains except for LC25. Strains SS6 and B15 demonstrated the strongest acid production capacity in ReNong and Ketti MJs. Seventy-five volatile compounds were identified, showcasing strain-specific differences. Fermentation significantly enhanced the complexity and intensity of aroma compounds, especially terpenes, esters and alcohols. Sensory evaluation categorized FMJs into six aroma profiles, with strains C10 and LA100 exhibiting pleasant 'mango' flavor in ReNong and Ketti MJs. Multivariate factor analysis revealed that esters potentially play a key role in enhancing the 'mango' and 'floral' aroma of the FMJs. This study serves as a valuable resource for Lp. plantarum strain selection and quality control in FMJ development by analyzing the acid and aroma diversity. • 40 Lp. plantarum strains varied in post-acidification during MJ fermentation. • Lp. plantarum enhances terpenoids in FMJs; BBl6 exceled in ReNong, LA11 in Ketti. • Napping categorized primary aroma-profiles in FMJs as cooked, pickle sour and mango. • FMJs with 'mango' and 'floral' flavors were correlated with the esters. • Strain C10 and LA100 are the optimal strains to enhance the flavor of FMJs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manuscript presents the synthesis of a LaPr0.2Sm0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2NiO4+δ (HE-LPSBSCN) cathode using a high-entropy strategy applied to the A site of the Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) phase-structured La2NiO4–δ (LNO). Comprehensive tests demonstrated that this high-entropy strategy significantly enhances multiple performance aspects compared to the traditional LNO cathode. The HE-LPSBSCN cathode exhibited record-breaking performance, achieving a maximum power density of 2004 mW cm-2 at 700 °C, outperforming other LNO-based cathodes in H-SOFCs. [Display omitted] • A high-entropy strategy was adopted to modify cell performance. • The high-entropy cathode exhibited record power density among LNO cathodes. • The cathode maintained excellent operating stability. Protionic Ceramic Fuel Cells (PCFCs) are devices that efficiently convert chemical energy to electrical energy at low temperatures. Significant research efforts have been directed towards the development of cathodes with enhanced catalytic activity. In this work, a high-entropy approach was employed at the A site of La 2 NiO 4+δ (LNO) with a Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) structure, resulting in the synthesis of the LaPr 0.2 Sm 0.2 Ba 0.2 Sr 0.2 Ca 0.2 NiO 4+δ (HE-LPSBSCN) cathode. A comprehensive series of tests demonstrated that this high-entropy strategy improved the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, hydration behavior, well operational stability, and electronic conductivity of LNO. The HE-LPSBSCN cathode demonstrated record-breaking performance, achieving a maximum power density of 2004 mW cm−2 at 700 °C. This finding provides novel insights for the rational design and optimization of highly catalytically active cathodes for PCFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Exogenous DA enhanced biomass and astaxanthin production under salt stress. • DA upregulated genes involved in astaxanthin and lipid synthesis under salt stress. • DA reduced ROS levels and atg8 gene expression under salt stress. • ROS and autophagy inhibition boosts astaxanthin synthesis by coupled with DA and salt stress. • DA increased the levels of respiratory metabolic intermediates and key phytohormones. Dopamine (DA) has attracted attention because of its effects on Haematococcus lacustris biomass, astaxanthin production, and physiological responses. The alga treated with 25 μM DA combined with 1 g L–1 sodium chloride exhibited 7.63 %, 41.25 %, and 52.04 % increases in biomass (1.41 g L–1), astaxanthin content (32.37 mg/g), and astaxanthin productivity (3.51 mg L–1 d–1) respectively, compared with the salinity stress and high light. Exogenous DA treatment promoted lipid synthesis while reducing carbohydrate and protein contents. Moreover, carotenogenesis and lipogenesis-associated genes were upregulated under DA induction. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species and autophagy, along with mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, promoted astaxanthin accumulation under DA. Furthermore, DA application boosted astaxanthin biosynthesis by regulating the levels of respiratory metabolic intermediates, the γ-aminobutyric acid shunt, and important phytohormones. These findings present a potential and successful biotechnological approach for enhancing biomass and astaxanthin production in H. lacustris under stressful conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater acidification and phenanthrene may result in complex adverse effects on aquatic animals. Juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) were exposed to different pH levels (7.8, 6.5, and 5.5) under phenanthrene (PHE) (0 (control) and 50 μg/L) conditions for 14 days. Antioxidant and transcriptomic responses were determined under stress conditions to evaluate the physiological adaptation of crabs. Under the control pH 7.8, PHE led to significantly reduced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S -transferase (GST), but increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), 7-ethoxyresorufin- o -deethylase (EROD) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, moderate acidification (pH 6.5) changed PHE effects by increasing antioxidant enzymes. Acidification generally reduced SOD, GPx, GST and EROD activities, but increased CAT, GR, MDA. Compared with pH7.8 group, pH7.8 × PHE and pH6.5 × PHE groups had 1148 and 1498 differentially expressed genes, respectively, with "Biological process" being the main category in the two experimental groups. pH7.8 × PHE treatment caused significant enrichment of disease and immune-related pathways, while under pH6.5 × PHE, more pathways related to metabolism, detoxification, environmental information processing, and energy supply were significantly enriched. Thus, PHE had a significant inhibitory effect on antioxidant performance in crabs, while moderate acidification (pH6.5) mitigated the toxic effects of PHE. Overall, moderate acidification has a positive effect on the defense against the negative effects of PHE in Chinese mitten crabs, and this study provides insights into the defense mechanism of crustaceans in response to combined stress of acidification and PHE. [Display omitted] • Phenanthrene at environmentally-relevant concentration caused toxic effects on crabs. • Acidification (pH6.5) mitigated the toxic effects of phenanthrene on crabs. • Phenanthrene caused enrichment of disease and immune related pathways. • The interaction of pH 6.5 and phenanthrene made the metabolic pathway more enriched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a widespread intracellular fungus that can infect both humans and animals, making it a significant zoonotic threat. In the current study, a total of 208 fecal samples were assayed to investigate the prevalence of E. bieneusi in pigs reared in Zhejiang Province, China. Employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification techniques specifically designed to target the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, the results revealed that 78 samples (37.5 %) tested positive for the presence of E. bieneusi. A total of 19 different genotypes of E. bieneusi were detected. Nine of these genotypes were already known: EbpC (n = 36), KIN-1 (n = 10), PigEbITS7 (n = 8), EbpA (n = 6), Henan III (n = 3), PigEbITS5 (n = 2), Henan-IV (n = 1), EbpD (n = 1), and TypeIV (n = 1), and 10 were novel: ZJP-I to ZJP-X (one each). The present investigation revealed that all the nine known genotypes identified in pigs here, have also been previously discovered in humans. Additionally, the novel genotypes of E. bieneusi discovered here were all classified as belonging to Group 1. These findings suggest the potential for cross-species transmission between humans and pigs. • Out of 208 fecal samples from pigs in Zhejiang, China, 37.5 % tested positive for E. bieneusi. • Nine known genotypes, EbpC, KIN-1, PigEbITS7, EbpA, Henan III, PigEbITS5, Henan-IV, EbpD, and TypeIV were identified here and previously found in humans. • Ten novel genotypes, named as ZJP-I to ZJP-X, have also been discovered here, all of which belong to Group 1, indicating a possible cross-species transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrosis is a pathological phenomenon characterized by the aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues. Fibrosis is a universally age-related disease involving that many organs and is the final stage of many chronic inflammatory diseases, which often threaten the patient's health. Undoubtedly, fibrosis has become a serious economic and health burden worldwide, However, the pathogenesis of fibrosis is complex. Further, the key molecules still remain to be unraveled. Hence, so far, there have been no effective treatments designed against the key targets of fibrosis. The methylation modification on the nitrogen atom at position 6 of adenine (m6A) is the most common mRNA modification in mammals. There is increasing evidence that m6A is actively involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. This review aims to highlight m6A-associated mechanisms and functions in several organic fibrosis, which implies that m6A is universal and critical for fibrosis and summarize the outlook of m6A in the treatment of fibrosis. This may light up the unknown aspects of this condition for researchers interested to explore fibrosis further. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The unsupervised reconstruction methods for dynamic MRI are briefly summarized. • A smooth robust tensor principle component analysis (SRTPCA) method is proposed for dynamic MRI reconstruction. • Numerical experiments on cardiac perfusion and cine datasets show the proposed SRTPCA method outperforms the state-of-the-art ones. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (DMRI) often requires a long time for measurement acquisition, and it is a crucial problem about the enhancement of reconstruction quality from a limited set of under-samples. The low-rank plus sparse decomposition model, which is also called robust principal component analysis (RPCA), is widely used for reconstruction of DMRI data in the model-based way. In this paper, considering that DMRI data are naturally in tensor form with block-wise smoothness, we propose a smooth robust tensor principal component analysis (SRTPCA) method for DMRI reconstruction. Compared with classical RPCA approaches, the low rank and sparsity terms are extended to tensor versions to fully exploit the spatial and temporal data structures. Moreover, a tensor total variation regularization term is used to encourage the multi-dimensional block-wise smoothness for the reconstructed DMRI data. The relaxed convex optimization model can be divided into several sub-problems by the alternating direction method of multipliers. Numerical experiments on cardiac perfusion and cine datasets demonstrate that the proposed SRTPCA method outperforms the state-of-the-art ones in terms of recovery accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Melatonin (MT) coupled with stress is a potential process for microalgae production. • MT can upregulate metabolite biosynthetic genes and regulate ROS signaling. • The stress tolerance of microalgae is enhanced by the application of MT. • Mechanisms underlying MT-regulated high-value metabolite biosynthesis were concluded. • Challenges and perspectives of MT in algal commercialization are put forward. High-value metabolites, such as carotenoids, lipids, and proteins, are synthesized by microalgae and find applications in various fields, including food, health supplements, and cosmetics. However, the potential of the microalgal industry to serve these sectors is constrained by low productivity and high energy consumption. Environmental stressors can not only stimulate the accumulation of secondary metabolites in microalgae but also induce oxidative stress, suppressing cell growth and activity, thereby resulting in a decrease in overall productivity. Using melatonin (MT) under stressful conditions is an effective approach to enhance the productivity of microalgal metabolites. This review underscores the role of MT in promoting the accumulation of high-value metabolites and enhancing stress resistance in microalgae under stressful and wastewater conditions. It discusses the underlying mechanisms whereby MT enhances metabolite synthesis and improves stress resistance. The review also offers new perspectives on utilizing MT to improve microalgal productivity and stress resistance in challenging environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the environmental deterioration challenges and a sharp decline in the quality and quantity of natural resources, the need for capitalizing on renewable energy sources and environment-friendly practices has increased a lot. The United Nations also has urged firms to shift their reliance on fossil fuels to renewable and eco-friendly practices. Several nations have begun shifting from economic growth to green productivity practices, such as green finance, green innovation, etc., which signifies collaboration between the economy, resources, and ecological development to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study is based on a comprehensive index of green finance development. Using the nonparametric data envelopment analysis and directional distance function (DEA-DFF) model, it examines the impact of green finance, financial development and green technology innovation (GTI) on green total factor productivity (GTFP) in 28 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2021. The findings indicate that green finance raises the degree of green productivity significantly. Other elements, such as financial development and technological innovation, contribute significantly to green production. It is also found that establishing green finance legislation can help accelerate the growth of green finance. The empirical findings in this study have policy implications for China's environmental and green finance planning. This study is among the pioneer investigations integrating green finance, financial development, and green technology innovation into a unified research framework. [Display omitted] • Green technological innovation strengthens Chinese green total factor productivity. • Financial development is a significant positive predictor of Chinese green total factor productivity. • Green finance makes a significant positive impact on Chinese green total factor productivity. • Green technological innovation, financial development, and green finance help in achieving green economy objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new general method for calculation of focal region coherence and spatiotemporal evolution in high power laser beam smoothing. • Focal region evolution using beam smoothing method of induced spatial incoherence with continuous phase plate (ISI + CPP) on broadband laser is analyzed and compared with conventional method on narrowband laser. • New definition of laser bandwidth and correction on smoothing speed. • Latest experimental result using beam smoothing method of ISI + CPP. Beam smoothing effect of induced spatial incoherence combined with continuous phase plate is reported. General theoretical models that can be used to describe the spatiotemporal characteristics of the focal region in beam smoothing is proposed. The focal region evolution using induced spatial incoherence is studied and compared with that of using smoothing by spectral dispersion. The result shows that, when using induced spatial incoherence combined with continuous phase plate for beam smoothing, the focal region spatiotemporal evolution is chaotic and random, and the size of speckle on spacetime is determined by the coherence time of the laser. The comparison shows that the smoothing speed of induced spatial incoherence is higher. Focal spot time-resolved spectrum and focal spot intensity distribution using induced spatial incoherence are measured experimentally. The results show that the beam smoothing method has an excellent ability to obtain the desired low coherence in focal region, and can completely suppress the middle-high frequency nonuniformity of the focal spot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Sensory quality and volatile profiles of commercial bog bilberry wines were studied. • One third of 148 volatile compounds were detected by high resolution GC-Orbitrap-MS. • "Fruity" and "floral" attributes were generally liked, "licorice" and "chili" were disliked. • Certain ethyl esters and linalool contributed to positive sensory features. • o -Cymene, p -cymenene, and 4-vinylphenol contributed to negative sensory features. The sensory and chemical profiles of commercial bog bilberry (BB) wines were investigated using a multi-analytical approach. Sensory test included scaling and check-all-that-apply (CATA) method with questions on liking of BB wine. The sensory data was correlated with their volatile compound profiles determined using gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole and orbitrap mass spectrometry (GC-Quadrupole/Orbitrap-MS). In general, all BB wines were characterized with "fruity", "blueberry" and "floral" odors and "sour", "mouth puckering" and "sweet" flavors. Samples more frequently characterized as "fruity" and "floral" in CATA were preferred by the panelists (n = 93). High relative proportions of o -cymene, p -cymenene, 1-octen-3-one and 3-ethylphenol in a sample (described as "ginger" and "chili") resulted in a lower liking rating. Similarly, generally disliked sample described with "Chinese herbs" and "licorice" was characterized by compounds 3-methylpentan-1-ol, 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene, and 4-vinylphenol. The data will give novel information for berry wine and beverage industry on the quality factors of BB wines linked to higher acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Low-coherent pulse with precise temporal shaping and spectral control. • μJ-level instantaneous broadband pulse of time-spectrum independent. • Coherence time is 123 fs, much shorter than pulse duration. • Output instability less than 1% rms and 8% peak-to-valley over 4 h. A μJ-level low-coherent pulse with dynamic and precise temporal shaping and spectral control is demonstrated. Low-coherent light delivered by a superluminescent diode is precisely shaped through a wave guide amplitude modulator driven by an arbitrary waveform generator. Utilizing a three-stage axial-alternating polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber amplifier, μJ-level low-coherent pulses with 3 ns durations and 20 nm instantaneous bandwidths at a 1 kHz repetition rate are obtained. In addition, a spectral control unit is used to adjust the spectrum shape. As a result, near flat-top, saddle-type, or other required special spectra can be produced. The low temporal coherence characteristics and output stability are characterized experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]