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• A novel physical information encoder is proposed. • A new physical information consistency embedding framework is designed. • The plug-and-play MSR can improve the sparsity of features. • DPICEN can address the single-source domain generalization problem. • The effectiveness of DPICEN under constant and time-varying speed is verified. In recent years, intelligent transfer models have focused on narrowing the gap between the source domain and target domain data to improve diagnostic effectiveness. However, collecting unlabelled target domain data in advance is challenging, leading to suboptimal performance of domain adaptation models for unknown target domain data. To address this issue, this paper proposes a deep physical information consistency embedded network (DPICEN) for tackling unknown domain bearing fault diagnosis problems. First, a physical information encoder (PIE) is constructed to encode physical information into tensors with values of 0/1. Second, fault samples and their encoded tensors are embedded into a physically consistent space, and the mean squared error (MSE) is employed to reduce the distance between data feature embeddings and physical information embeddings. Subsequently, to further constrain the distribution differences of unknown domain data, a plug-and-play multiple sparse regularization (MSR) algorithm is proposed. Finally, the embedded features are input into a classifier with MSR to achieve bearing fault diagnosis. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and advancement of DPICEN in comparison with 16 related methods in 13 unknown domain fault diagnosis tasks in three bearing datasets. The code can be found at https://github.com/John-520/Models-for-DPICEN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault diagnosis of traction motor bearing is of great significance to improve the reliability and safety of high-speed electric multiple units (EMU). While the fault diagnosis method based on cross-domain adaptation has been successful in scenarios involving speed or load fluctuations, existing methods ignore the independence and diversity of features, resulting in unsatisfactory diagnostic results under multi-scene learning, thereby reducing the generalization ability. Moreover, the development of complex models is time-consuming, and their computational efficiency is low. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel cross-domain adaptation model based on sparse filtering (SFCDA), which consists of only two fully connected (FC) layers. Firstly, pre-training is conducted to utilize the soft reconstruction penalties to constrain the weights of sparse filtering and improve the independence of features. The weights of unsupervised training are used to initialize the parameters of the first FC layer of the SFCDA model. Secondly, a multiple sparse regularization (MSR) algorithm is proposed and used to constrain the SFCDA. Then, fine-tuning is conducted, in which the structural alignment function is used to measure the distribution distance between the source and target domain data. Minimizing the kernel norm can improve the diversity of features and enhance the robustness. Finally, the effectiveness of SFCDA in multi-scene learning is proved theoretically. It is validated in three fault diagnosis scenes in four different bearing datasets. The results show that the suggested approach is more straightforward and has a better fault diagnosis effect than the state-of-the-art domain adaptive approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sulfite/chlorine dioxide process can effectively degrade fluconazole. • 1O 2 was the main active species responsible for fluconazole degradation. • Triazole ring and persulfate promoted for 1O 2 formation via electron transfer. • Formation of DBPs during post-chlorination should be cautioned. Singlet oxygen (1O 2)-mediated advanced oxidations have received considerable attention due to their strong capacity to resist the water matrix and high selectivity for organic pollutants. In this study, the activation of chlorine dioxide with sulfite (sulfite/ClO 2 process) to effectively produce 1O 2 was proposed to degrade fluconazole (FLC) and simultaneously control the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The results revealed that FLC could be rapidly degraded by 78.6 % within 10 s by the sulfite/ClO 2 process. Radical quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements confirm that 1O 2 produced by the cleavage of epoxides formed by the combination of triazole electron-rich groups in FLC with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was the main active species in the sulfite/ClO 2 process. The degradation of FLC was favored under alkaline conditions because of the fast electron transfer rate at higher pH values. The presence of chloride (Cl−), bicarbonate (HCO 3 −), and humic acid (HA) hindered the degradation of FLC mainly because they compete with PMS for the electron-rich groups produced by the reaction. The degradation intermediates of FLC were identified by UPLC‒MS/MS, and their transformation pathways were deduced by the condensed Fukui function (CFF) theory. Using sulfite/ClO 2 as a pretreatment process to treat real potable water, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and other intermediates may be produced via the carboxylation and carbonylation reactions mediated by 1O 2 , therefore promoting the formation of DBPs during the following chlorination. This study provided a new perspective that while 1O 2 is effectively produced in the sulfite/ClO 2 process for contaminant degradation, the formation of DBPs during subsequent chlorination should be cautioned. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve a design with the desired stiffness, strength, and durability at the component level, topology optimization has been practiced and was effective in the design of sustainable products, by autumnally allocating the available material within the design domain to form the shortest loading path. In the conceptual phase, this paper proposed a design methodology using topology optimization technique for lightweight design of a tripod structure - a typical form of foundation for offshore wind turbines (OWTs). The minimum compliance subject to prescribed volume percentage is formulated and an innovative tripod structure is generated by interoperating the optimized structure. To facilitate comparison, a tripod structure of a 5 MW OWT is referenced. The system performances are comprehensively and synthetically assessed, encompassing the natural frequency, maximum von Mises stress in ultimate load cases and cumulative fatigue damage. It is discovered that the total mass of the novel design is substantially less than that of the reference structure. In contrast, the fatigue resistance has been significantly enhanced. These finding reveal conclusively that the proposed topology optimization approach is capable of generating novel designs, reducing weight and alleviating fatigue damage. • A design procedure for the tripod structure using topology optimization technology is proposed. • A systematic comparison in frequency, maximum von Mises stress and cumulative fatigue damage for tripod has been conduct. • A roughly 16.29% lightweight design has been achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viral myocarditis (VMC) is the main cause of sudden acute heart failure and cardiac death in adolescents; however, treatment for VMC is limited. Trehalose is a natural non-reductive disaccharide that protects against cardiovascular diseases by inducing autophagy. The protective effect of trehalose on VMC and the specific mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we established a VMC mouse model, treated with trehalose in vivo, and cultured B cells from VMC mice with trehalose in vitro to elucidate the effect of trehalose on B cells in acute VMC. Trehalose alleviated myocardial injury in VMC mice and increased the number of autophagosomes, LC3II/LC3I ratio, and expression level of LAMP2, whereas it decreased the expression of p62 in VMC-B cells. Bafilomycin A1 suppressed VMC-B cell autophagy induced by trehalose. At the mechanistic level, trehalose treatment significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and ULK1 in VMC-B cells. Dorsomorphin and SBI-0206965 abolished the increased phosphorylation level and altered the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins. In conclusion, trehalose alleviates myocardial inflammatory damage of VMC by inducing B cell autophagy, mediated by the AMPK/ULK1 signalling pathway. Thus, trehalose may be a potentially useful molecule for alleviating myocardial injury in VMC. • Trehalose reduces myocardial injury of VMC. • Trehalose enhances B cells autophagy in VMC. • Trehalose induces B-cell autophagy via the AMPK/ULK1 pathway in VMC. • Trehalose increases the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and ULK1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a topology optimization methodology for offshore wind turbine (OWT) jacket structure design in the concept phase. First of all, modal analysis and load calculation of a 5 MW reference OWT are performed. On the basis of finite element analysis, the displacement and von Mises stress of multi-jacket support structures in various ultimate loading conditions are explored. Furthermore, structural topology optimization formulation aims to minimize a weighted normalized objective for the OWT jacket structure. Therefore, several optimum structures are obtained by adjusting weighting coefficients. For the coupling effect between the structure and applied load, load recalculation, displacement, and stress reanalysis are performed on the jacket structure based on the topological configuration under a specific weighting factor. Comparisons are made between the reference structure and optimized structure. Without the addition mass, the fundamental natural frequency of the optimized structure is marginally increased, but the maximum displacement and von Mises stress are drastically lowered, indicating that the optimized structure outperforms its reference counterpart. These findings conclusively demonstrate that the proposed TO technique for the design of OWT jacket structures is feasible and preferable. A multi-objective topology optimization formulation for the offshore wind turbine jacket structure is proposed. The OWT jacket structure design under the particularity of the interaction between structure and load is performed. The maximum displacement of the optimized structure is drastically reduced by 14.89% without additional mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]