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The high integration density of microelectronic devices leads to local heat accumulation, and effective heat dissipation and signal transmission of packaging materials have become the primary issues to be solved. However, existing polymer materials have difficulty meeting the requirements due to their unsatisfactory thermal conductivity and thermal expansion properties. In this work, we proposed the use of digital light processing (DLP) printing technology to construct a triply periodic minimum surface (TPMS) skeleton, and a continuous and efficient heat conduction path was successfully constructed in epoxy resin by impregnating h-BN on the skeleton surface. When the loading of h-BN was 20 vol%, the thermal conductivity of the TPMS(SiO 2)@BN/EP(BN) composites was 1.86 W/(m·K), which was 786 % higher than that of pure epoxy resin. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficient of the composites decreased by more than 70 %. At the test frequencies of 3∼10 MHz, the composites showed stable dielectric properties, and the dielectric constant was always maintained in a low range, between 3.85 and 4.15. This work has realized the transformation of the method for constructing a heat conduction path from disordered to ordered and from random to repeatable. This provides a new strategy for the selection of microelectronic packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multicolour LED is a miniaturized, long-lasting, and easy-to-achieve colour adjustable emission light source. It is widely used in outdoor displays and room lighting fields. However, the increase in the cost and the decrease in luminous efficiency when adjusting lighting colours have constrained the development of multicolour LEDs. In this study, we initially designed a phosphor conversion pixel array through optical simulation and then prepared the phosphor conversion pixel arrays with different layouts using a semi-cured template method. Finally, we packaged the phosphor conversion pixel array with the blue LED array as a remote phosphor LED. The measurement of the luminous performance indicated that the colour gamut of multicolour LEDs was included in the simulated colour gamut, and the colour of the light was consistent with the design guidelines. Notably, the multicolour LED emission efficiency packaged with a phosphor conversion pixel array could reach 125 lm/W, and the hexagonal phosphor conversion pixel array had better emission performance than the square phosphor conversion pixel array. • Based on the Monte Carlo principle, multicolour LEDs composed of array phosphor-converted film and blue-LED chip are designed. • Phosphor-converted pixel arrays are prepared by semi-cured template method with high moulding quality. • By comparing the experimental and simulation results, colour-tuneable characteristics of the multicolour LEDs is verified. • The luminous efficiency of multicolour LEDs reach up to 125.0 lm/W and changing pixel can reduce the secondary reabsorption of fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The P2Y 14 receptor (P2Y 14 R), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is activated by extracellular nucleotides. P2Y 14 R is involved in inflammatory, diabetes, immune processes and other related complications, and is therefore an attractive therapeutic target. As the three-dimensional structure of the P2Y 14 R has not yet been elucidated, homology modeling based on the crystallography of the closely related P2Y 12 R have been used in the structure-based design of P2Y 14 R ligands. Several P2Y 14 R antagonists with excellent potency and high subtype-selectivity have been discovered in recent years. In this review, development of novel small molecules as antagonists of P2Y 14 R was described. UDP non-competitive P2Y 14 R antagonist. UDP competitive P2Y 14 R antagonists. Image 1 • Development of novel small molecules as antagonists of P2Y 14 R was reviewed. • Developing drug-like UDP competitive P2Y 14 R antagonists was mentioned. • UDP non-competitive P2Y 14 R antagonist avoiding side-effects was suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67) aerogel (3D rGO/ZIF-67 aerogel) was prepared via in situ assembly of ZIF-67 polyhedrons on a 3D rGO networks, not only providing multifarious affinity interactions for synergistic promoting the adsorption behavior of organic dyes, but also constructing a holder for ZIF-67 polyhedrons to convenient separation. This porous aerogel displays excellent absorption ability for cationic dyes (crystal violet, CV) and anionic dyes (methyl orange, MO). The maximum adsorption capacities are up to 1714.2 mg·g −1 and 426.3 mg·g −1 for CV and MO, respectively. 3D rGO/ZIF-67 aerogel shows a remarkable promoting of CV adsorption capacity than pure 3D rGO and ZIF-67. The ultrahigh adsorption capability towards cationic CV dyes is mainly driven by π-π interactions and electrostatic interactions between 3D rGO/ZIF-67 aerogel and dye molecules, and synergistic interactions at the interface of 3D rGO and ZIF-67 polyhedrons. The high adsorption capability towards anionic MO dyes is mainly due to the porosity of ZIF-67 polyhedrons and electrostatic attraction between MO and ZIF-67. The multi-component property of 3D rGO/ZIF-67 aerogel shows a great potential application in dye-bearing wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three linear push-pull compounds comprised of difluoroboron β-diketonate and triphenylamine unit 4,6-Bis(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-2,2-difluoro-2H-1,3,2-dioxaborinin-1-ium-2-uide, (E)-6-(4-(Diphenylamino)phenyl)-4(4(diphenylamino)styryl)-2,2-difluoro-2H-1,3,2-dioxaborinin-1ium-2-uide and 4,6-Bis((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)-2,2-difluoro-2H-1,3,2-dioxaborinin-1-ium-2-uide (ABA, ABVA, and AVBVA) have been probed by many spectroscopies. The results clarify the photo-physical property of the compounds where ABVA and AVBVA are linked with vinyl units (V). The solvent-dependent steady absorption and photoluminescence spectra data shows that the vinyl unit and the polarity of the solvent influence the photo-physical properties of the compound. Moreover, the vinyl unit would further enhance the role of the polar environment. The transient absorption measurement then offers excitation relaxation behavior. The results show that excited compounds in cyclohexene go back to the ground state through the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state, and the transfer lifetime from the initial excited state to the ICT state would prolong after the introduction of vinyl unit. The relaxation behavior becomes complex when cyclohexene is replaced by tetrahydrofuran. Some excited compounds go directly back to the ground state and others go back to the ground state after passing through the ICT state. In addition, two-photon PL measurements and a Z-scan technique are employed, and this confirms that these compounds have two-photon behavior, but the two-photon absorption section gradually decreases. This decrease is attributed to the spectral shifting affected by the vinyl unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through comparing the linear and nonlinear optical property of two pull-push chromophores, which are composed of difluoroboron β-diketonate functionalized with carbazole and tert-butyl carbazole, the role of tert-butyl in chromosphere has been discussed in detail. The tert-butyl unit would lead to the absorption and fluorescence peak red shift and accelerate the fluorescence relaxation rate of chromophores. Moreover, the tert-butyl unit would affect obviously the two-photon optical property of chromophore according to the Z-scan test. The transient absorption (TA) data shows that these two pull-push chromopphores both own intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics and the tert-butyl unit accelerate the dynamic rate of ICT generation and relaxation process, which may be responsible for the variance of fluorescence property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and preparation of hierarchical porous transition metal oxide-carbon matrix anodes with unique structure play the significant role in highly reversible lithium ion batteries. Herein, hierarchical porous wheat-like Co 3 O 4 on carbon derived from natural silk (named as SK@Co 3 O 4) nanobelts are fabricated successfully by one-step hydrothermal technique and ensuing high-temperature calcination. The wheat-like SK@Co 3 O 4 nanobelts consist of a number of nanobeams. The length of nanobelts is around 1 µm whereas the diameter is 200 nm. Moreover, the SK@Co 3 O 4 anode for lithium ion batteries retains 1108 mA h g−1 following 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1, 707 mA h g−1 and 709 mA h g−1 after 150 cycles at 2 A g−1, 625 mA h g−1 and 617 mA h g−1 after 150 cycles at 5 A g−1,which show extraordinary cycle stability of the composite. The remarkable lithium storage property results from the hierarchical porous structure and this structure can not only provide a short ion transport path but also raise the area of contact between the electrolyte and electrode. [Display omitted] • Wheat-like Co 3 O 4 on carbon derived from silk was synthesized. • Silk was used as carbon source. • SK@Co 3 O 4 nanobelts showed high lithium storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pyrolysis of biomass was conducted using a microwave heating system operated at 2.45 GHz. Additives, such as silica carbon, activated carbon, coke produced through microwave-assisted pyrolysis, potassium carbonate, and sodium hydrate, were investigated for their effects on the sawdust pyrolysis. It was found that additives had significant effects on the yields and properties of the final products. By employing silica carbon, the gas and liquid yields were relatively low, due to the non-uniform mixing caused by big density difference between the sawdust and silica carbon particles. However, with potassium carbonate and sodium hydrate, the pyrolysis products are mainly gases, since both additives can absorb microwave strongly, making extremely high temperature inside the sawdust. The liquid products were analyzed by electrospray FT–ICR MS. Potassium carbonate can simplify the bio-oil composition and reduce compound types, which is beneficial to its further applications. The pyrolysis is highly influenced by heating rate and a first order was found for the reaction. Additives under microwave irradiation would enhance the heating rate, while they mainly act as catalysts instead of enhanced heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fatty acid- and terpene-derived biofuels are ideal advanced transportation fuels. • Y. lipolytica is a valuable chassis for the overproduction of advanced biofuels. • Engineering Y. lipolytica to overproduce advanced biofuels is urgently needed. • Engineering strategies in Y. lipolytica for advanced biofuel overproduction are summarized. • Future perspectives in Y. lipolytica advanced biofuel production are prospected. Energy security and global climate change have necessitated the development of renewable energy with net-zero emissions. As alternatives to traditional fuels used in heavy-duty vehicles, advanced biofuels derived from fatty acids and terpenes have similar properties to current petroleum-based fuels, which makes them compatible with existing storage and transportation infrastructures. The fast development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology has shown that microorganisms can be engineered to convert renewable feedstocks into these advanced biofuels. The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is rapidly emerging as a valuable chassis for the sustainable production of advanced biofuels derived from fatty acids and terpenes. Here, we provide a summary of the strategies developed in recent years for engineering Y. lipolytica to synthesize advanced biofuels. Finally, efficient biotechnological strategies for the production of these advanced biofuels and perspectives for future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We argue there is a very well motivated theoretical framework (which existed before data) consistent with the interpretation that dark matter annihilation is being observed by the PAMELA satellite detector. The dark matter is (mainly) the neutral W boson superpartner, the wino. Using the program GALPROP extensively we study the annihilation products and the backgrounds together. A wino mass approximately in the 180–200GeV range gives a good description of the PAMELA data, with antimatter and gammas from annihilating winos contributing or dominating the data below this energy range but not contributing above it. We explain why PAMELA data does not imply no antiproton signal was observed by PAMELA or earlier experiments, and explain why the antiproton analysis was misunderstood by earlier papers. Normalizing the wino density to the local relic density, no “boost factors” are needed. At higher energies we expect astrophysical mechanisms to contribute, and we simply parameterize them, and check that the combination can describe all the data. We emphasize several predictions for satellite data to test the wino interpretation, particularly the flattening or turndown of the positron and antiproton spectra above 100GeV, and predictions for the Fermi detector. We emphasize that interpretations also depend very strongly on assumptions about the cosmological history of the universe, and that it is crucial to have independent criteria to define the background for any given process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Four new well-defined monodisperse linear oligofluorenes with anthracene core An-OFVn (n =1–4) have been synthesized through Heck and Wittig reaction. These conjugated oligomers exhibit good solubility in common organic solvents. It is found that the conjugation length of the oligomers can be extended and the formation of excimers can be suppressed with increasing the number of fluorene–vinylene units linked in the 9,10-positions of anthracene. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Satellite and astrophysical data is accumulating that suggests and constrains interpretations of the dark matter of the universe. We argue there is a very well motivated theoretical framework (which existed before data) consistent with the interpretation that dark matter annihilation is being observed by the PAMELA satellite detector. The dark matter is (mainly) the neutral W boson superpartner, the wino. Using the program GALPROP extensively we study the annihilation products and the backgrounds together. A wino mass approximately in the 180–200 GeV range gives a good description of the PAMELA data, with antimatter and gammas from annihilating winos dominating the data below this energy range but not contributing above it. We explain why PAMELA data does not imply no antiproton signal was observed by PAMELA or earlier experiments, and explain why the antiproton analysis was misunderstood by earlier papers. Wino annihilation does not describe the Fermi data (except partially below ∼100 GeV). At higher energies we expect astrophysical mechanisms to contribute, and we simply parameterize them without a particular physical interpretation, and check that the combination can describe all the data. We emphasize several predictions for satellite data to test the wino interpretation, particularly the flattening or turndown of the positron and antiproton spectra above 100 GeV. It should be emphasised that most other interpretations require a large rise in the positron and antiproton rates above 100 GeV. We focus on studying this well-motivated and long predicted wino interpretation, rather than comparisons with other interpretations. We emphasize that interpretations also depend very strongly on assumptions about the cosmological history of the universe, on assumptions about the broader underlying theory context, and on propagation of antiprotons and positrons in the galaxy. The winos PAMELA is observing arose from moduli decay or other non-thermal sources rather than a universe that cooled in thermal equilibrium after the big bang. Then it is appropriate to normalize the wino density to the local relic density, and no “boost factors” are needed to obtain the reported PAMELA rates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two porphyrins with oligo-phenothiazine arms have been synthesized by a combination of Heck and Adler reaction, and their photophysical properties have been investigated by absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. It is found that the excitation energy transfer occurs from the phenothiazine units to the porphyrin core, and that the porphyrins can emit intense red light with high fluorescent quantum yields. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Copper sulfides were synthesized by using the low-molecular-mass hydrogel nanofibers self-assembled from a L-glutamic acid derivative. The as-prepared copper sulfides showed a nanoribbon structure with diameter of 30–70nm and lengths of 1–10μm. The investigation of FT-IR absorption spectra and XRD pattern for the neat hydrogel and composite gel suggested that H-bonding was the main driving force to help the formation of ordered nanofibers of the hydrogel and the composite gel. The resulted mineralization indicated that the inorganic ions (Cu2+) were firstly coordinated to the carboxylate anions (COO−). With the penetration of H2S, the preformed CuS nanoparticles on the surface of the fibers acted as the growing points for the continuous growth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of linear monodisperse vinylene-linked phenothiazine oligomers have been synthesized by alternate Heck reaction and Wittig reaction in good yields. It was found that their absorption and fluorescence emission bands red-shifted with increasing phenothiazine units due to extending of the conjugated degree. The fluorescent quantum yield increased from OPTZ1 to OPTZ6, and the Φ F of OPTZ6 was close to phenothiazine-based polymers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Novel monodisperse linear 3,9-linked oligocarbazoles (OCAs) were prepared stepwise using Ullmann coupling reaction in seal-tubes. The resulting OCAs were soluble in common organic solvents. The UV–vis spectra of OCAs exhibited small red shift and their intensities increased linearly with the increase of the carbazole moieties, suggesting that no intramolecular π-interactions appeared at ⩽8-mer. All the OCAs gave strong fluorescence and it was found that the conjugated degree of linear OCAs would be saturated when the number of carbazole units reaches four. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Triphenyl pyrazoline derivative, 1,3-diphenyl-5-{4-[2-(4-(phenylazo)phenoxy)ethyloxy]phenyl}-2-pyrazoline (compound III), was synthesized and its optical properties were studied by UV–VIS and fluorescence spectroscopies. The UV–VIS spectrum showed that the electronic transition bands of azobenzene and triphenyl pyrazoline groups were overlapped at ≈350 nm. The fluorescent emission band appeared at 450 nm, which was located at the range of n–π* transition band of azobenzene. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of pyrazoline moiety could be modulated by irradiation with UV and visible light due to the reversible trans–cis–trans photoisomerization reaction of azobenzene moiety. It indicated that the intramolecular electronic energy transfer from pyrazoline moiety to azobenzene one happened and the degree of energy transfer was determined by the content of cis-isomer of azobenzene moiety. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new hydrogel based on a substituted phenyl glucoside with a Schiff base in the aglycon was synthesized, and the self-assembling characteristics was studied. FTIR spectra, UV–vis absorption spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that π–π interactions between the Schiff base moieties, hydrogen bonds, and the interdigitated interactions between hydrophobic chains had effects on the formation of the self-assembling hydrogel. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation showed that the three-dimensional hydrogel network was constructed from nanotubes with inner diameters of ca. 75 nm and wall of ca. 20 nm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We report on the synthesis of an azobenzene-containing inimer 6-{4-[4-(2-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy)hexyloxy)phenylazo]phenoxy}hexyl methacrylate (I) and used it to prepare hyperbranched homopolymer and copolymers by self-condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP) and copolymerization (SCVCP) with its precursor 6-{4-[4-(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)phenylazo]phenoxy}hexyl methacrylate (M) using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Depending on the comonomer ratio, γ=[M]0/[I]0, branched polymethacrylates with number-average weights between 8000 and 20,000 and degree of branching (DB) between 0.08 and 0.49 were obtained by SCVCP, as evidenced by GPC and 1H NMR analysis. In addition, the photochemical properties of the polymers were also studied by UV–vis spectra and found the structure of polymers affect obviously the trans–cis isomerization properties of the branched polymers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The interfacial-dependent self-organization of a chiral amino acid amphiphile was observed on various substrates with different surface hydrophobicity. Three kinds of organizations are induced at different substrates, which appear as helical aggregates on hydrophobic surface (e.g. highly oriented pyrolytic graphite), molecular flat layer on hydrophilic surface, (e.g. mica) and a transition state between them on silicon wafer. The strength of the interactions between the helical aggregates formed in solution and the substrate is the key factor to the self-organization of the chiral molecule. The results reported here provide insight into how the surface hydrophobicity of substrates affects the self-organization of chiral molecules. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A Cu-coated Al 2 O 3 substrates which can be used for power modules are prepared via sintering and reduction of CuO–SiO 2 film onto the surface of Al 2 O 3 ceramic without precious metal brazing filler or high-vacuum equipment. This method has a significant cost advantage over the existing technology. Effects of oxygen partial pressure from sintering atmosphere and SiO 2 content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu/Al 2 O 3 interface are systematically investigated. Phase compositions and morphologies of sintered Cu 2 O layer, reduced Cu layer and reactive layer are characterized via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, physicochemical changes within CuO–SiO 2 during sintering are characterized by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimeter. It is found that oxygen and SiO 2 can promote the generation of Cu 2 O–CuO–SiO 2 eutectic phase with low melting point upon sintering, which increases the thickness of reaction layer and the densification of Cu layer. The shear strength between the Cu layer and the Al 2 O 3 substrate is enhanced with the increase in Cu layer densification degree, while varying in irregular manner with the thickness of reaction layer. In particular, the highest shear strength of 62.70 MPa is obtained at oxygen partial pressure of 0.02 atm and SiO 2 content of 1.5 wt%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P2Y 14 nucleotide receptor plays important roles in series of physiological and pathologic events especially associated with immune and inflammation. Based on the 3-amide benzoic acid scaffold reported by our group previously, a series of 5-aryl-3-amide benzoic acid derivatives were designed as novel P2Y 14 antagonists with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Among which compound 11m showed most potent P2Y 14 antagonizing activity with an IC 50 value of 2.18 nM, furnishing greatly improved water solubility and bioavailability compared with PPTN. In MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis model in mice, 11m exerted promising in vivo efficacy in alleviating mice paw swelling and inflammatory infiltration. Mechanistically, compound 11m notably blocked pyroptosis of macrophages through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This work may contribute to the identification of potential therapeutic agents to intervene in acute gouty arthritis. [Display omitted] • A series of 3-amide-5-aryl benzoic acids was identified as novel P2Y 14 R antagonists. • Compound 11m demonstrated greatly improved aqueous solubility and excellent pharmacokinetic properties. • Compound 11m showed potent anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have synthesized two new two-photon active dendritic molecules with tetraphenylmethane core with four phenothiazine-based arms. They show good solubility in organic solvents, including dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene and tetrahydrofuran. It is found that the two dendrimers display strong two-photon absorption and two-photon excited up-conversion fluorescence at 800 nm. • Two new phenothiazine-based dendrimers with tetraphenylmethane cores have been synthesized. • The dendritic molecules display two-photon absorption activity. • The two-photon absorption cross section increased with the increasing of the conjugation degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell fusion is a fundamental biological process that is involved in the development of most eukaryotic organisms. During the fusion process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , cells respond to pheromones to trigger the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade to initiate mating, followed by polarization, cell-wall remodeling, membrane fusion, and karyogamy. We highlight the applications of the yeast mating signal pathway in promoter engineering for tuning the expression of output genes, as well as in metabolic engineering for decoupling growth and metabolism, biosensors for sensitive detection and signal amplification, genetic circuits for programmable biological functionalities, and artificial consortia for cell–cell communication. Strategies such as exploiting rational engineering of modular circuits and optimizing the reproductive pathway to precisely maneuver physiological events have implications for scientific research and industrial development. The mating response of yeast gives deep insights that facilitate the application of cell fusion to gene transfer, antibody production, and cell reprogramming. Components of the yeast mating-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, including scaffolds, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and pheromone-responsive promoters, constitute a toolbox for the rational design of artificial systems. The yeast mating signal pathway has significant synthetic biology applications, including tuning the outputs by promoter engineering, decoupling growth and metabolism through metabolic engineering, detecting and amplifying signals in biosensors, programming biological functions in circuits, and manipulating cell–cell communication in artificial consortia. Advances in synthetic biology tools such as omics, microfluidics, CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9), and machine learning have significantly boosted cell-fusion studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of organic contaminants from water poses a significant challenge that can be tackled by integrating adsorption and photocatalytic degradation functions in a single architecture. However, traditional powdery nanomaterials face challenges in separation and lack synergistic function, hampering their practical application. This study presents a one-step hydrothermal synthesis of a convenient recyclable Bi 2 O 2.33 /Bi 2 O 3 @ECNF (electrospun carbon nanofibers), which combines both adsorption and photocatalytic performance. The Bi 2 O 2.33 /Bi 2 O 3 exhibits high adsorption removal of methyl orange (MO), reaching 94.56 % and a maximum capacity of 213.13 mg g−1. Additionally, the Bi 2 O 2.33 /Bi 2 O 3 shows a high charge transfer rate, strong redox ability, and efficient removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) at 83.01 %. Loading the Bi 2 O 2.33 /Bi 2 O 3 on lightweight carbon fibers allows for easy recycling. The Bi 2 O 2.33 /Bi 2 O 3 @ECNF demonstrates excellent stability and reusability, with a removal rate of 87.37 % for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) at high concentrations. This work presents a promising solution for the practical application of photocatalysts by overcoming the limitations of single photocatalysts and minimizing secondary pollution from single adsorbents. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regeneration serves as a self-protective mechanism that allows a tissue or organ to recover its entire form and function after suffering damage. However, the regenerative capacity varies greatly within the plant kingdom. Primitive plants frequently display an amazing regenerative ability as they have developed a complex system and strategy for long-term survival under extreme stress conditions. The regenerative ability of dicot species is highly variable, but that of monocots often exhibits extreme recalcitrance to tissue replenishment. Recent studies have revealed key factors and signals that affect cell fate during plant regeneration, some of which are conserved among the plant lineage. Among these, several members of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factors have been implicated in wound signaling, playing crucial roles in the regenerative mechanisms after different types of wounding. An understanding of plant regeneration may ultimately lead to an increased regenerative potential of recalcitrant species, producing more high-yielding, multi-resistant and environmentally friendly crops and ensuring the long-term development of global agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New dimesitylborylthiophene derivative with terminal tetraphenylethene TPETB has been synthesized. It was found that TPETB exhibited aggregation-induced emission behavior and reversible mechanofluorochromism. For instance, the emission intensity of TPETB in THF/H 2 O with water fraction of 90% was ca. 21 times higher than that in THF. In addition, grinding the as-prepared crystal of TPETB the emitting color changed from sky blue to yellowish green. Meanwhile, the ground powder could recover to crystalline structure with sky blue emission when it was exposed to CH 2 Cl 2 vapor. It was suggested that the transformation between crystalline and amorphous states led to the changes of solid emitting colors in response to external mechanical forces. It should be noted that TPETB could detect F − selectively, and the detection limit was 1.67 × 10 −8 mol/L in CH 2 Cl 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring of glutathione has attracted considerable attention owing to its biological and clinical significance. An eco-friendly, economic, simple, biocompatible probe with excellent sensitivity and selectivity is very important. Herein, FeOOH QD@ATP-BODIPY nanocomposite was fabricated from one-step synthesized FeOOH quantum dots (FeOOH QD) and commercial boron-dipyrromethene-conjugated adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP-BODIPY) for glutathione (GSH) sensing in solutions and living cells. Three fascinate merits of FeOOH QD were confirmed: (a) as fluorescence quencher for ATP-BODIPY, (b) as selective recognizer of GSH and (c) with carrier effects and membrane permeability. The construction and response mechanism of the nanocomposite was based on the competitive coordination chemistry and redox reaction of FeOOH QD between GSH and phosphate group of ATP-BODIPY. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limit for GSH was as low as 68.8 nM. Excellent linear range of 0.2–400 μM was obtained. Furthermore, the chemical response of the nanocomposite exhibits high selectivity toward GSH over other electrolytes and biomolecules. It was successfully applied for GSH determination in human serum samples. The MTT assay exhibited FeOOH QD@ATP-BODIPY nanocomposite own good biocompatibility. FeOOH QD@ATP-BODIPY respond to GSH in living cells in situ was also proved via fluorescence imaging. These suggested that the FeOOH QD@ATP-BODIPY nanocomposite had potential application in biological and clinical applications. Construction and response mechanism of the FeOOH QD@ATP-BODIPY nanocomposite for the GSH detection and intracellular imaging. [Display omitted] • FeOOH QD as an efficient fluorescence quencher and carrier for BODIPY-ATP was proposed. • FeOOH QD@ATP-BODIPY was developed for GSH fluorescent sensing based on the stronger affinity and redox reaction. • FeOOH QD@ATP-BODIPY own good excellent biocompatibility and potential application was proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a skin-resident member of the dendritic cell family, Langerhans cells (LCs) are generally regarded to function as professional antigen-presenting cells. Here we report a simple method to visualize the endocytotic activity of LCs in living animals. BALB/c mice received subcutaneous injection of FITC-conjugated dextran (DX) probes into the ear skin and were then examined under confocal microscopy. Large numbers of FITC+ epidermal cells became detectable 12-24 hours after injection as background fluorescence signals began to disappear. Most (>90%) of the FITC+ epidermal cells expressed Langerin, and >95% of Langerin+ epidermal cells exhibited significant FITC signals. To assess intracellular localization, Alexa Fluor 546-conjugated DX probes were locally injected into IAβ-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) knock-in mice and Langerin-EGFP-diphtheria toxin receptor mice-three dimensional rotation images showed close association of most of the internalized DX probes with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, but not with Langerin molecules. These observations support the current view that LCs constantly sample surrounding materials, including harmful and innocuous antigens, at the environmental interface. Our data also validate the potential utility of the newly developed imaging approach to monitor LC function in wild-type animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To meet the need for rapid and low-cost chemical sensing of explosive, new fluorescence chemosensors based on oligophenothiazines for probing vapor-phase nitro compounds have been developed. The phenothiazine-based trimer P3 and pentamer P5 have been synthesized via Heck and Wittig reactions by convergent approach. It was found that they can detect the vapors of nitro compounds, including p-nitrotoluene ( p -NT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) with good sensitivity and reversibility. And the sensor of P3 film gave a linear fluorescence quenching response to 7–800ppb TNT with the detection limit of 4ppb. For DNT vapor, a linear working range of the sensor was 2–24ppm with the detection limit of 40ppb. Meanwhile, the interferents, including common organic solvents, p-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cannot lead to obvious fluorescence quenching, meaning that the film based on oligophenothiazines exhibited good specificity of fluorescence response to explosive. Based on the fluorescence lifetime and UV–vis absorption measurements, we suggested that the fluorescence quenching of oligophenothiazine-based films exposed to the vapors of nitro compounds was due to the formation of non-fluorescent charge-transfer complex between oligophenothiazine and nitro compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two-component organogelators based on a discotic H-bonding donor of 1,3,5-tris(4-amidobutanoic acid)phenyl benzene (2), and acceptors of 4-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)-4′-stilbazole derivatives were reported. These complexes showed good gelation ability for alcohols, which are known to be unfavorable for H-bonding formation. SEM study revealed that sheet-like network, nanotapes, and nanorods were gained from the self-assembling of the complexes with small difference of the carbon chain length. Based on XRD, IR, temperature-dependent 1H NMR, and UV–vis absorption investigations, the gel-phase materials were generated from 1D columnar-type packing of complexes facilitated by cooperative H-bonding, π-stacking, and van der Walls interactions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Motivated by specific connections to dark matter signatures, we study the prospects of observing the presence of a relatively light gluino whose mass is in the range with a wino-like lightest supersymmetric particle with mass in the range of . The light gaugino spectra studied here is generally different from other models, and in particular those with a wino dominated LSP, in that here the gluinos can be significantly lighter. The positron excess reported by the PAMELA satellite data is accounted for by annihilations of the wino LSP and their relic abundance can generally be brought near the WMAP constraints due to the late decay of a modulus field re-populating the density of relic dark matter. We also mention the recent FERMI photon constraints on annihilating dark matter in this class of models and implications for direct detection experiments including CDMS and XENON. We study these signatures in models of supersymmetry with non-minimal soft breaking terms derived from both string compactifications and related supergravity models which generally lead to non-universal gaugino masses. At the LHC, large event rates from the three-body decays of the gluino in certain parts of the parameter space are found to give rise to early discovery prospects for the gaugino sector. Excess events at the 5 sigma level can arise with luminosity as low as at a center of mass energy of 10 TeV and at . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We report on the synthesis and self-assembly of a new discotic organogelator based on π-conjugated triphenylbenzene with three peripheral chiral substituents. It is found that the introduction of chiral groups to the C 3-symmetric molecule led to a hexagonal columnar chiral stacking of the molecules in a clockwise direction in the organogel fibers. And the fluorescent emission of the gel decreased significantly compared to the monomer state at the same concentration, as a result of the aggregation of the nonplanar triphenylbenzene core in the gel phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents novel organogelators based on long chain substituted benzoic acid hydrazine which can form stable gels in bulk organic solvents and self-assemble into various microstructures in organogel phases. It is found that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction play an important role on the formation of organogel. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a novel method for the preparation of copper sulfide (CuS) nanotubes using hydrogel based on N-lauroylalanine as template under mild condition. The resulting samples are examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. It is found that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds play an important role on the formation of the hydrogel and the Cu2+ coordination gel. The formation process of CuS nanotube is also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Triphenyl pyrazoline derivatives (TPPs) bearing electron withdrawing and pushing substitutents were synthesized. Their photoluminescence (PL) properties in the solution and doped in poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) thin films were investigated. When TPPs were doped into PVK films the photoluminescence intensity was enhanced with increasing TPPs concentration. It indicated that the energy transfer from PVK to TPPs has happened. Double and three-layer electroluminescence (EL) devices based on PVK doped with TPPs as an active layer were fabricated and investigated and the electroluminescent mechanism was followed by energy transfer from PVK to TPPs. The pyrazoline derivative with both electron withdrawing and pushing substituents was the optimistic candidate for electroluminescent emitter due to higher transfer efficiency from electric energy to light energy as well as larger luminance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highly stable, uniform, and monodisperse Au nanoparticles, protected by hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) (HPAE-5), were prepared by reducing HPAE-5/hydrogen tetrachloroaurate using sodium borohydride in aqueous solution. UV-visible absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction (ED) have been used to study the structure and characterization of the nanocomposites. From which, it can be suggested that Au nanoparticles are formed inside HPAE-5 and located offset from the center, besides that the distribution of Au nanoparticles is narrow. The simple procedure and good results allow for a complete understanding of previous reported difficulties in preparing Au nanoparticles by wet method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Three push–pull type azo dyes, 4′-{[(2-hydroxylethyl)methyl]amino}-4-nitroazobenzene (compound I), 1-[4-(4′-nitrophenyl)-azophenyl]-3,5-biphenyl-2-pyrazoline (compound II) and 1-[4-(4′-nitrophenyl)-azophenyl]-3-(3′-trifluoromethyl)-phenyl-5-phenyl-2-pyrazoline (compound III) were synthesized. The cis–trans isomerization process and polarized photoinduced birefringence of those azo dyes doped PMMA films were investigated. It was found that the rise and relaxation process of birefringence signals were fit with biexponential functions and the molecular structures have effects on their photo-induced birefringence. This suggests that the three films have similar storage speed when the laser intensity is high enough. Compound III, which has the biggest substituent, has the largest long-term storage ability and can even keep 90% of its saturated birefringence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Two azo-containing polymers with pyrazoline group (polymers II and III) have been synthesized and their reversible optical storage properties tested in comparison with electron donor and acceptor substituted azobenzene-containing polymer I. The growth and relaxation process of birefringence signals were fit with biexponential functions. It was found that polymer II, in which azo chromophores are connected with the main chain through pyrazoline groups, has fast storage rate and good storage stability. The storage efficiency indicated that the introduction of pyrazoline groups in the polymers II and III has a positive effect. The birefringence per mole of azo chromophore showed that polymers II and III have four times the value of polymer I. The relative stability of the photoinduced birefringence decreased with the increase of temperature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Au nanoparticles were prepared by reduction of HAuCl4 with NaBH4 in the presence of generation 1.5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with surface hydroxyl groups (OH-PAMAM-1.5). By optimizing the conditions of the preparation, stable, and uniform Au nanoparticles of 2.7±0.5 nm were obtained. UV-Vis absorption, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction (ED) have been used to study the structure and characterization of the nanocomposites. From which, it could be suggested that Au nanoparticles were surrounded by OH-PAMAM-1.5 and the size distribution of Au nanoparticles is narrow. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel photochromic gel film was prepared through entrapping 12-phosphotungstic acid (PWA) into a kind of inorganic–organic matrix co-hydrolyzed from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Infrared (IR) spectra revealed that the Keggin structure characteristic of PW12O403− anions was present in the amine-functionalized silica gel skeleton and PWA interacted with R-NH3+ cations strongly. The amorphous state of the gel film was proved by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The gel film exhibited reversible photochromicity. Irradiated with ultraviolet light, the transparent film changes from colorless to blue. Then, bleaching occurs when the film is in contact with air or O2 in the dark. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A self-assembled layered superlattice composite film was fabricated by casting the chloroform solutions of ionic complex between dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DODA) and 18-molybdophosphate anion (P2Mo186−) onto CaF2, borosilicate glass, and quartz substrates. Infrared and UV spectra revealed that the Dawson structure characteristic of P2Mo186− was preserved in the composite film. A well-ordered superlattice structure was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). From XRD results and the cross-sectional area of DODA cation and P2Mo18 polyanion, a possible structural model was proposed. The P2Mo18/DODA film showed good photochromic properties. Irradiated with UV light, the transparent film changed from light yellow to blue. Then, bleaching occurred when the film was in contact with ambient air or O2 in the dark. A possible photochromic mechanism was proposed according to electron spin resonance (ESR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and UV–Vis spectra. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• PELP1 was upregulated during PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation. • Runx2 expression and ERK phosphorylation were controlled by PELP1 in PDLSCs. • ERK inhibition restrained PELP1 induced Runx2 expression in PDLSCs. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological function and mechanism of proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) in the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) at the molecular level in vitro. During the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, the change of PELP1 and the osteogenic commitment markers runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) were monitored by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blots. To elucidate how PELP1 regulates RUNX2 , the expression of RUNX2 , the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and subcellular location of PELP1 were detected under conditions that PELP1 was either knockdown by specific siRNA or overexpressed. A pharmacological inhibitor of ERK, U0126 was used while PELP1 was overexpressed, and the expression of RUNX2 was monitored by qRT-PCR. PELP1 was upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Knockdown of PELP1 suppressed the expression of RUNX2 , whereas overexpression of PELP1 increased RUNX2 expression. Moreover, PELP1 knockdown resulted in reduced ERK phosphorylation and RUNX2 expression, and PELP1 overexpression induced RUNX2 expression was inhibited by U0126 in the hPDLSCs. PELP1 regulates the expression of RUNX2 during the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs and that the ERK pathway is involved in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Superhydrophilic nanostructure was fabricated for improving soft tissue sealing. • The properties of the surface regulate the behavior of human gingival fibroblasts. • FAK/integrin-mediated adhesion seemed to be induced by the hydrogenated surface. Soft tissue integration is critical for the long-term retention of dental implants. The surface properties including topography and wettability can impact soft tissue sealing. In our work, a thermal hydrogenation technique was applied to modify anodized titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs). However, the effects of the hydrogenated surface on soft-tissue cells remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the bioactivities of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) on structured surfaces, which determine the early formation of soft tissue sealing. Three groups were examined: commercially pure titanium (Ti), anodized TNTs (air-TNTs) and hydrogenated TNTs (H 2 -TNTs). Scanning electron microscopy showed the nanotubular topography on the titanium surfaces after anodization. Then, hydrogenation ensured that the H 2 -TNTs were superhydrophilic with a contact angle of 3.5 ± 0.8°. In vitro studies such as cell adhesion assays, cell morphology, immunocytochemistry, wound healing assays, real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays displayed enhanced adhesion, migration, relative gene expression levels, and extracellular matrix synthesis of the HGFs on H 2 -TNTs. Interestingly, focal adhesion kinase activation and integrin-mediated adhesion seemed to be induced by the H 2 -TNT surface. Our results revealed that a superhydrophilic nanostructure modified by anodization and hydrogenation can improve the bioactivity of HGFs and connective tissue regeneration, which will further promote and expand the application of titanium dioxide nanotubes in dental implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the economy and society makes heavy metals (HMs) pollution more and more serious. And, pollution source identification is the primary work of environmental pollution control and land planning. Notably, stable isotope technology has a high ability to distinguish pollution sources, and can better reflect the migration behavior and contribution of HMs from diverse sources, which has become a hot research tool for pollution source identification of HMs. Currently, the rapid development of isotope analysis technology provides a relatively reliable reference for pollution tracking. Based on this background, the fractionation mechanism of stable isotopes and the influence of environmental processes on isotope fractionation are reviewed. Furthermore, the processes and requirements for the measurement of metal stable isotope ratios are summarized, and the calibration methods and detection accuracy of sample measurement are evaluated. Besides, the current commonly used binary model and multi-mixed models in the identification of contaminant sources are also concluded. Moreover, the isotopic changes of different metallic elements under natural and anthropogenic conditions are discussed in detail, and the application prospects of multi-isotope coupling in the traceability of environmental geochemistry are evaluated. This work has some guidance for the application of stable isotopes in the source identification of environmental pollution. [Display omitted] • The mechanism of isotopic fractionation needs to be further investigated. • Isotopic techniques have limitations in terms of source contribution calculation. • The overlap of isotopic compositions reduces the accuracy of identification results. • Isotopic techniques are able to identify the sources of HMs in different media. • Combining multiple isotopes could improve the accuracy of traceability results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Removing noxious dyes and detecting excessive metal ions in water are both effective means to prevent damage from contaminants and ensure water safety. The emphasis problems were addressed by preparation a polyacrylamide chitosan (PAAM/CS) hydrogel. Polyacrylamide (PAAM) provides overall mechanical strength to carry loads and facilitate circulation, chitosan (CS) provides adsorption positions with high adsorption capacity. Which made that PAMM/CS hydrogel efficiently performed sorption of xylenol orange (XO). As the functional dye, XO binds to PAAM/CS and confers colorimetric properties on PAAM/CS hydrogels. XO sorbed hydrogel realized fluorescence dual-signal detection of Fe3+ and Al3+ in water. The significant swelling and adsorption potency of the hydrogel, combined with the dual-signal detection capability of XO sorbed hydrogel, make this hydrogel a versatile material for environmental applications. • Polyacrylamide chitosan hydrogel was prepared as adsorbent. • Adsorption mechanism is mainly based on electrostatic attraction. • After five adsorption cycles, the composite hydrogel still achieved 83.29 % removal of xylenol orange. • XO sorbed hydrogel realized fluorescence dual-signal detection of Fe3+ and Al3+ in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food safety is one of the greatest public health challenges. Developing ultrasensitive detection methods for analytes at ultra-trace levels is, therefore, essential. In recent years, the bio-barcode assay (BCA) has emerged as an effective ultrasensitive detection strategy that is based on the indirect amplification of various DNA probes. This review systematically summarizes the progress of fluorescence, PCR, and colorimetry-based BCA methods for the detection of various contaminants, including pathogenic bacteria, toxins, pesticides, antibiotics, and other chemical substances in food in over 120 research papers. Current challenges, including long experimental times and strict storage conditions, and the prospects for the application of BCA in biomedicine and environmental analyses, have also been discussed herein. [Display omitted] • Bio-barcode assay (BCA) is a novel rapid detection technology. • BCA has several advantages over conventional methods. • We summarize the concept and detection principles of BCA. • BCA has extensive applications in food testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract New D-π-A type quinoline derivatives (CbzVQ and TPAVQ) were synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation reactions. They exhibited reversible high-contrast mechanofluorochromic (MFC) behavior under grinding/fuming treatment. Taking CbzVQ as an example, its fluorescence could be switched from blue to greyish green by grinding the as-synthesized sample into ground powders, and the fluorescence emission was red-shifted from 449 nm (with shoulders at 475 nm and 520 nm) to 578 nm (with shoulders at ca. 450 nm and 500 nm). Such large shift of the maximal emission peak during MFC processes was rare reported. In addition, the casting films of CbzVQ and TPAVQ emitted blue and green light, respectively, which was turned to red rapidly induced by TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) vapor. Moreover, the emission could be recovered stimulated by TEA (triethylamine) vapor, so the quinoline derivatives exhibited reversible fluorescent sensory properties. TPAVQ showed better performance in the detection of TFA vapor than CbzVQ due to the strong electron-donating ability of triphenylamine compared with carbazole. The detection limit and the decay time of TPAVQ towards TFA vapor were 163 ppb and 0.22 s, respectively. Apparently, the D-π-A type quinoline derivatives are candidates as multi-stimuli responsive fluorescent materials. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • New D-π-A type quinoline derivatives bearing carbazole and triphenylamine are synthesized. • Quinoline derivatives show reversible high-contrast mechanofluorochromism. • The shift of the maximal emission for CbzVQ reaches 129 nm during mechanofluorochromic processes. • The emitting color of quinoline derivatives is turn to red from blue or green rapidly stimulated by TFA vapor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neural circuits can be reconstructed from brain images acquired by serial section electron microscopy. Image analysis has been performed by manual labor for half a century, and efforts at automation date back almost as far. Convolutional nets were first applied to neuronal boundary detection a dozen years ago, and have now achieved impressive accuracy on clean images. Robust handling of image defects is a major outstanding challenge. Convolutional nets are also being employed for other tasks in neural circuit reconstruction: finding synapses and identifying synaptic partners, extending or pruning neuronal reconstructions, and aligning serial section images to create a 3D image stack. Computational systems are being engineered to handle petavoxel images of cubic millimeter brain volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]