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To investigate whether a single dosage of esketamine injection in the anesthesia period could improve postoperative negative emotions and early cognitive function in patients undergoing non-cardiac thoracic surgery. A prospective single center double blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. Perioperative period; operating room, post anesthesia care unit and hospital ward. 129 adult patients that underwent elective non-cardiac thoracic surgery under general anesthesia. During the operation, pharmacologic prevention of postoperative negative emotion and early cognitive disorder with 0.2 mg/kg (Low esketamine group) and 0.5 mg/kg esketamine (High esketamine group) vs. placebo. Emotion and early cognitive performance were assessed on the day before surgery (POD-1), postoperative day 1 (POD1) and day 3 (POD3) using HADS-A, HADS-D, Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and serum biomarkers (S100β, BDNF, IL-6, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine). The high esketamine group showed significantly lower HADS-A and HADS-D scores than control group on POD1 and POD3. No significant differences were observed between the low esketamine group and the control group. The esketamine-treated groups showed lower pain VAS scores than the control group at 2 h and on the first day after operation. There were no significant differences among the three groups in CAM and MMSE scores. However, the high esketamine group had lower S100β and IL-6 levels, and higher BDNF levels postoperatively, while serum acetylcholine and norepinephrine were not significantly different. A single intraoperative injection of 0.5 mg/kg esketamine can alleviate postoperative anxiety, depression, and pain to some extent. Although cognitive function behavioral evaluation did not show obvious benefits, it can also reduce the production of pro-inflammatory and brain injury-related factors while promoting the generation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Registration Trial registry : http://www.chictr.org.cn/; Identifier: ChiCTR2100047067. • Intraoperative injection of 0.5 mg/kg of esketamine relieves postoperative anxiety, depression, and pain in thoracic surgery. • 0.5 mg/kg of esketamine reduces inflamation, brain injury factors, and boosts BDNF. • 0.2 mg/kg esketamine somewhat relieves post-op pain, not anxiety or depression. • Esketamine used in this study did not show an obvious benefit on postoperative cognitive assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial asset prices are complexly interconnected, posing a challenge in developing effective indicators for contagion. We establish a network structure among financial entities using a multivariate reactive point process. We propose the Ricci curvature of the general point process to measure changes in risk connectivity. A more negative overall curvature indicates higher risk connectivity among entities, reflecting the likelihood of systemic financial risk. In predicting systemic financial, empirical analysis demonstrates that our approach outperforms risk traditional indicators: CATFIN and absorption ratio. During non-alert periods of our indicator, return rates exhibit higher concentration, higher average returns, and left skewness. • A dynamic network model for analyzing financial risk contagion is constructed. • Introduction of topological analysis methods for point processes. • The proposed indicators demonstrate superior stability and sensitivity. • Effective contagion indicator that mitigates left-tail while capturing right-tail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (CMAS) attack has become a fatal factor hindering the development of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). In this study, a promising entropy-stabilized (La 0.2 Nd 0.2 Sm 0.2 Eu 0.2 Gd 0.2) 2 Hf 2 O 7 (5LaH) hafnate was synthesized and prepared successfully, and then the CMAS corrosion behavior was investigated. During the corrosion process, the precipitation of the apatite phase causing the aggregation of Hf4+ promotes the formation of the (Hf, Si)O 2 phase to generate a dense structure layer, which has a great barrier effect on the penetration of CMAS melt, and apatite phase with the entropy effect proves the stability of the reaction layer. Moreover, molten CMAS is less inclined to wetting and spreading on 5LaH surfaces compared to YSZ, which is also beneficial to the CMAS corrosion resistance. In general, the 5LaH exhibits great anti-CMAS corrosion performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature molten calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (CMAS) corrosion has become a fatal factor for the failure of aero-engine thermal barrier coatings. In this study, a promising entropy-stabilized (Y 0.2 Dy 0.2 Er 0.2 Tm 0.2 Yb 0.2) 4 Hf 3 O 12 (5YH) hafnate was prepared by the emerging ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS), and its corrosion and wetting behavior of molten CMAS were investigated. For the corrosion mechanism, the precipitation of the high-entropy apatite phase promotes the formation of the HfO 2 phase, and it can improve the density and stability of the slow-growing reaction layer, hindering the further penetration of molten CMAS. At 1300 ℃, a reaction layer with a three-layered morphology is generated, resulting from the decreased viscosity of the molten CMAS. Moreover, computational analysis shows that molten CMAS on the 5YH surface has a larger contact angle (17°) than traditional YSZ (13°), and the spreading area is about 90 % of traditional YSZ, which benefits for its good CMAS corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An entropy-stabilized rare earth hafnate (Y 0.2 Dy 0.2 Er 0.2 Tm 0.2 Yb 0.2) 4 Hf 3 O 12 (5RH) with defective fluorite structure was successfully prepared by the emerging ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS) in less than six minutes. The 5RH ceramic possessed a higher thermal expansion coefficient (11.23 ×10−6/K, 1500 °C) and extremely low thermal conductivity (0.94 W/(m·k), 1300 ℃) owing to the larger lattice distortion of high-entropy materials. After high-temperature annealing at 1500 ℃, the 5RH showed extremely sluggish grain growth characteristics and excellent high-temperature phase stability, mainly attributed to the non-equilibrium sintering characteristic of the UHS and the sluggish diffusion effect of high-entropy materials. Therefore, (Y 0.2 Dy 0.2 Er 0.2 Tm 0.2 Yb 0.2) 4 Hf 3 O 12 has excellent potential as a next-generation thermal barrier coating material to replace traditional Y 2 O 3 stabilized ZrO 2. Finally, using the UHS to prepare high-entropy ceramics provides a new technique for fast-sintering and developing next-generation thermal barrier coating materials. • High-entropy (Y 0.2 Dy 0.2 Er 0.2 Tm 0.2 Yb 0.2) 4 Hf 3 O 12 ceramic is designed and successfully prepared by the emerging UHS. • The solid-phase synthesis and sintering densification of high-entropy ceramic bulks are simultaneously achieved by the UHS in less than six minutes. • The high-entropy (Y 0.2 Dy 0.2 Er 0.2 Tm 0.2 Yb 0.2) 4 Hf 3 O 12 ceramic shows great potential as new-generation thermal barrier coating material. • The emerging UHS provides ideas for the fast-sintering of ceramic materials and development of new materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon trading systems are increasingly used by many countries nowadays to reduce carbon emission and improve the quality of environment. To evaluate the effect of emission trading system on carbon emission reduction, this study applies a robust econometric method difference-in-difference estimation on city-level panel data in China from 2004 to 2015. The findings of this study indicate that the emission trading policy adopted in pilot regions has reduced carbon emission by approximately 16.2% and such effect is particularly prominent in eastern areas of China where the economy is more developed. Moreover, other factors such as the development of the second industry and foreign direct investment are also found to affect carbon emission. The results of this study provide evidence for the success of the emission trading system in reducing carbon emission across pilot cities and suggest that an expanded scope of carbon trading mechanism adopted in China would further control the carbon emission. Meanwhile, a multi-level emission trading system from central to local government needs to be built using a variety of market-based instruments to promote the equal development of carbon trading market in various regions with different economic development levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable agricultural production technologies such as formula fertilizer and soil testing have caught attentions from government agencies and scholars as a potential solution to environmental problems associated with overuse of fertilizers. A lack of motivation from farmers has slowed the adoption of sustainable technologies in China, resulting in continued deterioration of the rural environment. Recently, China's agriculture is experiencing rapid consolidation due to structural adjustments and labor migration. Large scale farming is becoming a major force for promoting sustainable rural development and agricultural production. This study applies the theory of planned behavior to explain the adoption of formula fertilizer and soil testing technology among 690 large scale producers in Eastern China. The path analysis shows the attitude, subjective norm (perceived social pressure), and perceived behavior control (perceived ability or risk) significantly increase farmers' adoption intention. The only path that determines the actual behavior directly is behavioral intention. These findings suggest that, in addition to social, economic and institutional factors, policies aiming at promoting sustainable agricultural production should address the psychological dimensions of technology adoption. Effective approaches should be developed to cultivate farmers' positive attitudes, social norms consciousness, perceived abilities, as well as reduce perceived risks to increase their interests in adopting the technology. The framework of the theory of planned behavior regarding the formula fertilizer and soil testing technology among large scale producers in East China. Image 106790 • Psychological factors affecting farmers' technology adoption are explored. • Attitude, social pressure and perception affect farmers' adoption intention. • Perceived control only has indirect impact on adoption behavior via intention. • Cultivating farmers' positive attitude toward technology could increase adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welding-brazing method is widely used for dissimilar metals welding. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult to further improve the connection strength by controlling the formation of the transition layer. In this study, an innovative welding method referred to as adjacent welding was addressed, which greatly improved the tensile strength of Ti/Cu dissimilar joint. The strength of new joint could reach up to 89% that of copper base metal, compared to the use of a traditional welding-brazing method which strength coefficient is within the limit of 70%. In order to determine the strengthening mechanism of adjacent welding, optical microscopy, SEM, EDS and XRD were applied for the analysis of microstructure and phase structure. Furthermore, tensile strength was also tested. The results show that due to the process of remelting and reverse solidification of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer, a less complex and thinner IMCs layer was formed and TiCu (553 HV) with high embrittlement existing in the front of titanium substrate was changed into Ti 2 Cu (442 HV). Performances of joints were optimized by these changes. An interpretation module was presented for the mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper (T2) and 304stainless steel were joined by EBW with different beam offset. Full-strength joint as well as the offset joints of sufficient strength can be obtained. The highest tensile strength reaches 250Mpa, which is almost equal to the strength of copper. By analyzing phase structure and distribution of weld zone, bonding interface of fusion zone, width and grain size of heat affected zone, diffusion behavior of Fe/Cr, cooling rate and fracture behavior, the effect of beam offset on the joint strength was detailed studied. The results show that beam offset is flexible and allowed to be in the range of −0.2 mm to 1 mm. Under the condition of small beam offset, the performance of the joint is nice because of narrow HAZ and weld zone of few defects. But for large offset which leads to low joint performance on copper side or steel side, the main reasons respectively are deterioration of HAZ, FZ and low metallurgical bonding of root interface. Toughness fracture was proved by dimples for fusion welding, but brittle fracture occurred for re-melt deposit welding of large offset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]