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Water adsorption and dissociation on clean and O-covered Co(100), Co(110) and Co(111) surfaces are studied using the density functional theory calculations. The results indicate that molecular water weakly binds to the surfaces and is feasible to desorption from the clean surfaces. Moreover, the pre-adsorption of O atom increases the binding of water to the surfaces, and prominently decreases the activation barriers of water dissociation into OH, especially on Co(110) surface. In contrast, the activation barrier for OH dissociation is slightly affected in the presence of O atom. Overall, this study reveals that O-assisted H 2 O favorably adsorbs dissociatively, forming OH chemisorbed on the surfaces, which further hinders H 2 O dissociation, and also illustrates the fact that molecular water dissociation is structure-sensitive on metal surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, very few studies on HF treatment pattern and associated costs have been done to understand HF patients' disease burden and unmet medical needs. HF treatment cost had increased by 15% from 2014-2017, and hospitalization is the most dominant cost driver. The study showed significant disease economic burden to HF patients and thus strong unmet medical need to reduce HF hospitalization and improve guideline adherence in China. [Extracted from the article]