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Abstract: The preferred absolute configuration of two series of F1F0-ATP synthase inhibitors was determined. Although the configuration of the active enantiomer in each series is different, each series presents the same ‘triaryl’ pharmacophore to the enzyme binding site. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The development of a practical and efficient synthesis of a novel PPAR α / γ dual agonist, ( S )-2-(((3-fluoro-4-methylphenoxy)carbonyl)(1-(4-((5-methyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)ethyl) amino)acetic acid ( 1 ), is described. Development of a stereoselective synthesis of the ( S )-4-(1-aminoethyl)phenol core using ( R )-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide as a chiral auxiliary was the key element of this synthesis. The target molecule 1 was prepared in seven steps with a 55% overall yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Spiropiperidine indoline-substituted diaryl ureas had been identified as antagonists of the P2Y1 receptor. Enhancements in potency were realized through the introduction of a 7-hydroxyl substitution on the spiropiperidinylindoline chemotype. SAR studies were conducted to improve PK and potency, resulting in the identification of compound 3e, a potent, orally bioavailable P2Y1 antagonist with a suitable PK profile in preclinical species. Compound 3e demonstrated a robust antithrombotic effect in vivo and improved bleeding risk profile compared to the P2Y12 antagonist clopidogrel in rat efficacy/bleeding models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Modification of a phenolic lead structure based on lessons learned from increasing the potency of steroidal glucocorticoid agonists lead to the discovery of exceptionally potent, nonsteroidal, indazole GR agonists. SAR was developed to achieve good selectivity against other nuclear hormone receptors with the ultimate goal of achieving a dissociated GR agonist as measured by human in vitro assays. The specific interactions by which this class of compounds inhibits GR was elucidated by solving an X-ray co-crystal structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of carbamoylmethylene linked prodrugs of 1 (BMS-582949), a clinical p38α inhibitor, were synthesized and evaluated. Though the phosphoryloxymethylene carbamates (3, 4, and 5) and α-aminoacyloxymethylene carbamates (22, 23, and 26) were found unstable at neutral pH values, fumaric acid derived acyloxymethylene carbamates (2, 28, and 31) were highly stable under both acidic and neutral conditions. Prodrugs 2 and 31 were also highly soluble at both acidic and neutral pH values. At a solution dose of 14.2mpk (equivalent to 10mpk of 1), 2 gave essentially the same exposure of 1 compared to dosing 10mpk of 1 itself. At a suspension dose of 142mpk (equivalent to 100mpk of 1), 2 demonstrated that it could overcome the solubility issue associated with 1 and provide a much higher exposure of 1. To our knowledge, the unique type of prodrugs like 2, 28, and 31 was not reported in the past and could represent a novel prodrug approach for secondary amides, a class of molecules frequently identified as drug candidates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The cannabinoid CB1 G protein-coupled receptor has been shown to be a regulator of food consumption and has been studied extensively as a drug target for the treatment of obesity. To advance understanding of the receptor''s three-dimensional structure, we performed mutagenesis studies at human cannabinoid CB1 receptor residues F200 and S383 and measured changes in activity and binding affinity of compounds from two recently discovered active chemotypes, arylsulfonamide agonists and tetrahydroquinoline-based inverse agonists, as well as literature compounds. Our results add support to previous findings that both agonists and inverse agonists show varied patterns of binding at the two mutated residue sites, suggesting multiple subsites for binding to the cannabinoid CB1 receptor for both functional types of ligands. We additionally find that an F200L mutation in the receptor largely restores binding affinity to ligands and significantly decreases constitutive activity when compared to F200A, resulting in a receptor phenotype that is closer to the wild-type receptor. The results downplay the importance of aromatic stacking interactions at F200 and suggest that a bulky hydrophobic contact is largely sufficient to provide significant receptor function and binding affinity to cannabinoid CB1 receptor ligands. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships (SAR) of a series of 2-aminothiazol-5-yl-pyrimidines as novel p38α MAP kinase inhibitors are described. These efforts led to the identification of 41 as a potent p38α inhibitor that utilizes a unique nitrogen–sulfur intramolecular nonbonding interaction to stabilize the conformation required for binding to the p38α active site. X-ray crystallographic studies that confirm the proposed binding mode of this class of inhibitors in p38α and provide evidence for the proposed intramolecular nitrogen–sulfur interaction are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Conformational restriction of open chain analogs with a more polar tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2-one spacer led to the identification of potent urea-based CCR3 antagonists that exhibited excellent selectivity over binding to CYP2D6. The in vitro binding and eosinophil shape change data are presented. Compound 19b exhibited similar selectivity and potency to our development candidate BMS-639623. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A convenient synthesis of a series of tetrazolo[1,5-a]-α-cycloalkanones 4a–d with the carbonyl group attached at the tetrazole carbon is described. The sequence entails the formation of an exocyclic olefin at the α-methylene position and subsequent ozonolysis. The reactions proceed under mild conditions, and the tetrazole moiety is well tolerated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]